不同前处理方法对羽毛粉碱解液中游离氨基酸测定的影响

通过比较乙醇回流法、水提取法、稀盐酸法提取羽毛粉碱解液中游离氨基酸,并对这些游离氨基酸分别进行定性和定量检测,探讨运用氨基酸自动分析仪建立一种测定羽毛粉碱解液中游离氨基酸的方法.检测结果表明,采用pH值3～4、80％乙醇,90℃水浴的乙醇回流法提取羽毛粉碱解液中的游离氨基酸,氨基酸自动分析仪能够分离检测羽毛碱解液中18种游离氨基酸,游离氨基酸总量较其他2种方法分别高出4.5、5.4倍,与其他2种方法比较,该方法所检测出的氨基酸含量均较高,更能准确地反映出羽毛粉碱解液中游离态氨基酸的含量.     

流动分析仪与凯氏定氮仪测定土壤全氮含量之比较研究

土壤全氮是土壤学、植物营养学、生态学、环境科学等领域研究的重要指标,简单、快速、准确地测定其含量,对于了解土壤供氮能力和肥力具有重要意义。在黄土高原选取9个地点3种典型土地利用方式下的64个土壤样品,比较了流动分析仪和凯氏定氮仪法对土壤全氮含量的测定结果,以确定流动分析仪快速测定土壤全氮的可行性。结果表明：两种方法测定土壤全氮含量结果无显著差异,测定结果之间极显著正相关(p<0.0001);而且流动分析仪对全氮含量的测定不受土地利用方式和土壤质地的影响。因此,连续流动分析仪可用于不同管理措施下和不同类型土壤全氮含量的快速测定。     

宣威火腿在贮藏过程中风味和质构变化

采用电子舌、电子鼻、质构仪对宣威火腿的成熟时间与品质之间的关系进行了研究。结果表明,电子鼻/舌能将不同年份的宣威火腿很好地区分开来;火腿的硬度、咀嚼性随成熟年数的增加呈上升趋势,弹性呈先增大后减小的趋势,回复性呈先减小后增大趋势。上述结果说明宣威火腿在成熟的过程中,随时间增加其风味和质构呈现一定的变化规律,从而可以通过分析其风味和质构指标来快速判断其成熟时间。本研究为对宣威火腿进行鉴别和品级评价提供了基础数据。     

水稻土和湿地土壤有机碳测定的CNS元素分析仪法与湿消化容量法之比较

土壤固碳研究中需要精确的(有机)C计量,而常规的湿氧化法与CNS元素分析仪法测定结果的吻合性足C计量中的问题.国外对旱地土壤的研究表明,这两种方法的结果基本可以对比,但是否同样对于湿地土壤也适用还不清楚.采用CNS元素分析仪(仪器法)和重铬酸钾外加热湿氧化法(容量法)对20个水稻土样品,26个淡水湿地土壤样品和20个沿海湿地土壤样品进行了总有机C(TOC)的对比测定.结果表明,无论是土壤的表土样品还是剖面样品,仪器法测定结果约低于容量法10%以下.两种方法对淡水湿地土壤和水稻土的有机C含量的测定可以对比,但是重铬酸钾氧化容量法对于含氯化物较高的沿海湿地土壤有机C的测定可能不精确.CNS元素分析仪测定的精密度和准确度较高,可以用于各种湿地土壤的C计量.     

Grimm180环境颗粒物分析仪维护与故障处理

指出了锦州大气成分观测采用Grimm180在线环境颗粒物监测仪,能同时测量环境中的PM10,PM2.5和PM1,该仪器具有易于安装、操作简单、运行寿命长以及维护量少的特点。同时,Grimm180还具有自动数据备份、自动数据传输等功能。自2013年6月开始使用以来,对于雾霾等天气现象的判断识别起到重要的辅助作用。对仪器的日常维护和所出现的故障处理进行了分析和总结,以提高环境监测的效率。     

Metabolite profiling of the response to high-nitrogen fertilizer during grain development of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat yield and quality are dependent largely on nitrogen (N) availability. In this study, we performed the first metabolomic analysis of the response to high-N fertilizer during wheat grain development using non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Quality parameter analyses demonstrated that high-N fertilizer application led to a significant increase in grain protein content and improvement in starch and bread-making quality. Comparative metabolomic profiling of six grain developmental stages resulted in identification of 74 metabolites, including amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids and lipids/alcohol, which are primarily involved in carbon and N metabolism. Under high-N fertilizer treatment, numerous metabolites accumulated significantly during grain development. Principal component analysis revealed two principal components as being responsible for the variances resulting from N-fertilizer treatments. Metabolite–metabolite correlation analysis demonstrated that the high-N treatment group had a greater number of positive correlations among metabolites, suggesting that high-N fertilizer treatment induced a concerted metabolic change that resulted in improved grain development. Particularly, the high-N treatment-mediated significant accumulation of metabolites involved in the TCA cycle, starch and storage protein synthesis could be responsible for the improvement of grain yield and quality. Our results provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of wheat grain development and yield and quality.     

籼型杂交水稻稻米表观直链淀粉含量和淀粉粘滞性研究

杂交籼稻细胞质雄性不育系珍汕９７Ａ和协青早Ａ的表观直链淀粉含量（ＡＡＣ）高达２３％～２４％,而恢复系密阳４６和明恢６３的ＡＡＣ仅９％～１１％．杂交稻的食用大米由Ｆ２籽粒组成,其ＡＡＣ变幅达４％～２５％,平均值约为１６％～１９％．用粘度速测仪（ＲａｐｉｄＶｉｓｃｏ－Ａｎａｌｙｚｅｒ,ＲＶＡ）测定了上述组合及部分亲本的淀粉粘滞性谱（ＲＶＡ谱）,珍汕９７Ａ和协青早Ａ的崩解值分别为６０．２和４０．６ＲＶＵ,消减值分别为４８．６和７２．３ＲＶＵ;恢复系密阳４６和明恢６３的崩解值较大,分别为１１３．７和９６．６ＲＶＵ,消减值较小,仅为－２０．２和－５８．０ＲＶＵ．其所配杂交稻汕优１０号和汕优６３食用稻米的ＲＶＡ谱特征值介于双亲平均值和不育系之间．恢复系“中４１３”的ＡＡＣ和协青早Ａ相仿,因此所配组合协优４１３各项特征与不育系更为相似．不育系和保持系的ＡＡＣ和ＲＶＡ谱特征相似,表明不育细胞质对二性状无明显影响．汕优１０号和汕优６３二组合中高ＡＡＣ对低ＡＡＣ表现为１对显性基因遗传,而协优４６遗传行为较复杂     

Determination of Normal Values Using an Automated Coagulation Timer for Activated Coagulation Time and its Application in Dogs with Hemophilia

The present study was performed to determine normal values for the Medtronic HemoTec automated activated coagulation time (ACT) analyzer (Medtronic HemoTec Inc, Parker, CO, distributed in Switzerland by Convergenza AG, Vaduz, Liechtenstein), and to evaluate its ability to detect dogs with hemophilia. ACT was measured in 43 healthy dogs presented to the Companion Animal Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, with the Medtronic HemoTec ACT analyzer to determine normal values. The mean +/- 2 standard deviations (SDs) of the values obtained was defined as the normal range. ACT was measured 8-10 times on the same day in 6 dogs to determine repeatability. ACT also was measured in 11 dogs with hemophilia and compared with a conventional visual ACT measurement test and with the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). ACT values of the 43 dogs used to determine normal values ranged from 66.5 to 97.0 seconds (mean, 79.3 seconds; SD, 7.35 seconds; median, 78.5 seconds). A range of 64-95 seconds (mean +/- 2 SDs) was defined as the normal range for the tested device. Repeatability was poor (r = 0.256). ACT values measured with the automated device did not correlate with ACT values measured with a conventional visual test or with APTT Sensitivity of the test was 90.9%, specificity was 98.0%, and accuracy was 96.7%. Variability in the test results was large and may lead to incorrect results. The automated measurement device was not superior to the conventional visual method in evaluating dogs with hemophilia.     

环氧化天然橡胶的流变行为和力学行为

用橡胶加工分析仪研究了环氧化天然橡胶ENR）的流变行为和力学行为,并和天然橡胶（NR）进行了比较。结果表明,在高剪切速率区,ENR和NR的表观粘度都随剪切速率的增加而降低,但 ENR表观粘度的降低幅度比NR小。ENR和NR的粘流活化能均随剪切速率的增加先降低而后又增加,但ENR粘流活化能比NR大。在大应变范围,ENR的转矩S'的应变响应明显与NR 不同。在高频区,随温度增加NR的G'略有降低,而ENR的则明显下降。     

便携式X荧光分析仪快速测定土壤中Cd· Hg· As· Pb· Cr含量

[目的]探索便携式X荧光分析仪应用于环境应急监测中的可行性。[方法]采用X荧光分析法选择《土壤环境质量标准》(GB15618—1995)中重点监测的Cd、Hg、As、Pb、Cr进行标准样品分析,进行现场实测与实验室样品分析,研究该方法测定这5种重金属的准确度和精密度。[结果]X荧光分析法测定土壤标准物质的相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.77%~22.90%。现场样品实测相对偏差(RD)为-42.00%~18.10%,其中Cr的RD较小,为-21.20%~10.50%;As的RD较大,为-42.00%~18.10%。[结论]便携式X荧光分析仪在土壤重金属环境应急监测中具有一定指导作用。