海兰鸡主要脏器重量及脏器系数的测定

以10只（雌雄各半）280 d海兰鸡为材料,比较雌雄个体体重和14个主要脏器重量及系数的差异。结果表明,雄性海兰鸡体重及腺胃、胸腺重量显著高于雌性（P〈0.05）,心脏重量极显著高于雌性（P〈0.01） 雄性海兰鸡心脏系数极显著高于雌性（P〈0.01）,脾脏和胸腺系数显著高于雌性（P〈0.05）,肝脏系数显著低于雌性（P〈0.05） 其他脏器重量及系数差异均不显著。     

复方中药超微粉对鸡蛋胆固醇及肝apoA-I、apoB基因mRNA表达的影响

旨在研究饲粮中添加复方中药超微粉对鸡蛋胆固醇含量及肝apo A-I、apo B基因mRNA表达的影响。选300日龄崇仁麻鸡90羽,随机分成2个组,每组3个重复,每个重复15羽鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮上添加1%复方中药超微粉(TCM)。试验期60 d。(结果)结果表明:与对照组比较,试验组第30、60天鸡蛋胆固醇含量和血清甘油三脂(TG)水平显著下降(P0.05),肝载脂蛋白A-I(apo A-I)mRNA表达量显著上升(P0.05);试验组第60天肝脏载脂蛋白B(apo B)mRNA表达量和血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著上升(P0.05),血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、总胆固醇(TC)水平显著下降(P0.05)。结果显示:饲粮中添加TCM能够降低血脂水平和鸡蛋胆固醇含量,同时上调肝apo A-I、apo B基因mRNA表达量。     

Micromorphological characteristics of bamboo (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Phyllostachys pubescens</Emphasis>) fibers degraded by a brown rot fungus (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Gloeophyllum trabeum</Emphasis>)

The decay pattern in bamboo fibers caused by a brown rot fungus, Gloeophyllum trabeum, was examined by microscopy. The inner part of the polylaminate secondary wall was degraded, while the outer part of the secondary wall remained essentially intact. Degradation in bamboo fiber walls without direct contact with the fungal hyphae was similar to wood decay caused by brown rot fungi. Degradation in polylaminate walls was almost confined to the broad layers whereas the narrow layers appeared resistant. The p-hydroxylphenyl unit lignin in middle lamella, particularly in the cell corner regions, was also degraded. The degradation of lignin in bamboo fibers was evidenced by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The present work suggests that the decay of bamboo fiber walls by G. trabeum was influenced by lignin distribution in the fiber walls as well as the polylaminate structures.     

不同日龄海蓝种鸡血液生化指标的测定

[目的]测定不同日龄的海蓝种鸡血液生化指标,并对测定值进行组间Duncan′s比较。[方法]采用双缩脲法、酶比色法和葡萄糖氧化酶法等测定了11组不同日龄的海蓝种鸡的血液生化指标,并对组间差异进行了统计学分析。[结果]不同日龄海蓝种鸡组间差异显著性因所测血液生化指标的不同而有差异。[结论]海蓝种鸡的血液生化指标随日龄不同,在组间的差异随之变化。     

Improving productive performance and mitigating harmful emissions from laying hen excreta via feeding on graded levels of corn DDGS with or without Bacillus subtilis probiotic

An experiment that included some inclusions of corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) with or without supplementation of probiotic bacteria to Hi‐sex Brown laying hen diets was conducted to evaluate the impacts on performance, egg quality, blood metabolites and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in the manure. A total of 216 twenty‐two‐week‐old Hi‐sex Brown laying hens were randomly divided into eight treatment groups in a factorial design (4 × 2) experiment, which included four levels of DDGS (0, 50, 100 and 150 g/kg diet) plus two levels of Bacillus subtilis probiotic (0 or 1000 mg/kg diet, with a concentration of 1.5 × 108 CFU/g of dried product). The experimental period extended from 22 to 34 weeks of age. The results showed that linear increase in DDGS level up to 150 g/kg improved (p ≤ 0.01) the values of feed consumption, egg shape index and yolk colour compared to the control and other treatment groups. Inclusion of dietary DDGS up to 150 g/kg in layer diets led to a significant decrease in egg mass and a significant increase in Haugh unit score compared to other groups. In the bacillus group, the values of feed conversion, egg weight and egg mass enhanced by 6.45, 3.27 and 7.60% respectively compared with the control diet. Total protein, albumin, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium and ammonia in serum were significantly (p ≤ 0.01) influenced by DDGS inclusion. The excreted nitrogen decreased by 8.62 and 4.31% in hens fed 50 or 100 g/kg of DDGS respectively, while excreted phosphorous decreased by 3.33, 7.22 and 10.56% in hens fed 50, 100 or 150 g/kg of DDGS respectively as compared to the control group. It could be concluded that increasing DDGS inclusion level in the diet up to 10% and the supplementation of probiotic bacteria improved the productive performance of laying hens and mitigated the harmful emissions from chicken manure; this means better production within environmentally friendly conditions.     

氢氧化镁铝改良滨海盐碱土机理与效果研究

从土壤微观层面研究氢氧化镁铝(MAH)和盐碱土胶体间的扩散层重叠现象,并通过不同配比的MAH[Mg∶Al摩尔比分别为3∶1(MAH-1)、2∶1(MAH-2)、1∶1(MAH-3)、1∶2(MAH-4)和1∶3(MAH-5)]和盐碱土的盐分溶出实验筛选出最佳改良方案。结果表明:MAH和盐碱土胶体间存在扩散层重叠现象,并且该现象在碱性环境中依然存在,混合体系pH值和MAH添加量是影响重叠程度的两个重要因素;5种MAH都能降低盐碱土的pH值和含盐量,酸性MAH对盐碱土的改良效果优于碱性MAH,其中酸性最强的MAH-5改良效果最显著;MAH-5在最小添加量10 mg·g~(-1)下就能脱出65%的交换性Na,并且随着添加量增加变化不显著,但随添加量增加Ca2+和N都显著脱出。因此,通过添加MAH利用扩散层重叠降低土壤对盐基离子的吸附实现盐碱土脱盐改良,综合考虑筛选出最佳改良方案:按1%配比添加MAH-5。     

裹包层数对甜高粱青贮饲料品质的影响

为研究裹包层数对甜高粱(Sorghum saccharatum Moench)青贮饲料青贮品质的影响。分别采用4层、6层、8层及12层裹包处理含水率为65%~70%的甜高粱,评价贮藏期干物质含量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、NDF、ADF、半纤维素以及感官品质的变化。结果表明:6层裹包层数基本能实现甜高粱青贮饲料长期良好的贮藏。     

内蒙古河套灌区不同土层有机质空间变异的分形

以内蒙古河套灌区解放闸灌域为研究对象,以区域内间隔4 km等间距112个取样点共448个样本为基础,通过多重分形及联合多重分形方法,对有机质含量在不同土层(0~20 cm、20~40 cm、40~70 cm与70~100cm)的空间变异特性及其相互关系进行研究。结果显示,有机质含量0~20 cm至70~100 cm土层的多重分形谱宽度依次为0.933、0.795、0.824、0.805,即在0~20 cm土层空间变异性最大,而20~40 cm土层空间变异性最小。不同土层多重分形谱曲线均表现为左钩状(Δf0),表明在灌域内土壤有机质的空间分布中,数值较大的数据占主导地位。同时从土壤表层到埋深1 m处D(1)/D(0)依次为0.983、0.980、0.973、0.965,其值逐渐减小,即空间分布逐渐由密集区域向稀疏区域转化。联合多重分形分析表明0~20 cm土层与20~40 cm、40~70 cm土层空间变异相关程度较高,而与70~100 cm土层空间变异相关程度较低。     

西兰花茎叶粉对仙居三黄蛋鸡蛋品质、受精率和孵化率的影响

选取384只三黄蛋鸡,随机分成4个处理,即对照组和试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复32只,分别饲喂添加0、4%、6%和8%西兰花茎叶粉的日粮。结果表明:1)添加西兰花茎叶粉对仙居三黄蛋鸡生产性能无显著影响(P0.05);2)与对照组相比,试验组蛋白高度、蛋黄颜色、哈氏单位、蛋壳厚度和蛋壳强度均显著升高(P0.05);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组蛋黄胆固醇含量均显著下降(P0.05);3)与对照组相比,试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组的受精率显著提高(P0.05),试验Ⅲ组受精率提高不显著(P0.05);试验组孵化率有所下降,其中试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组显著下降(P0.05)。试验组间受精率和孵化率均差异不显著(P0.05)。添加西兰花茎叶粉可以改善仙居三黄蛋鸡蛋品质,降低蛋黄胆固醇水平;此外可以提高受精率,但随着西兰花茎叶粉添加量的增加,孵化率有降低的趋势。     

建兰与寒兰杂交后代试管花诱导及其形成过程的形态学及细胞学观察

从建兰与寒兰杂交后代的根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层均诱导出试管花,诱导率分别为61.67％、80.00％和16.67％。对根状茎、试管苗和根状茎薄层试管花形成过程的形态学观察结果显示,试管花的形成和发育过程可分为花芽诱导期,花芽形态建成期,开花期,谢花期4个时期。以试管苗为材料的试管花形态建成所需的时间最短,根状茎次之,根状茎薄层所需的时间最长。细胞学观察结果显示,根状茎试管花起源于皮层,其形态建成过程可分为花序原基形成期、花序原基分化期、小花原基形成期和小花原基分化期4个时期。