Association of toll‐like receptor 2 polymorphisms with somatic cell score in Xinjiang Brown cattle

This study aims to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes in the TLR2 gene, and analyze the association of SNPs or haplotypes and somatic cell scores in 151 Xinjiang Brown cattle and 138 Holsteins to evaluate the role of TLR2 during intramammary infections. TLR2 coding region was amplified by PCR and screened for SNP sequencing. Genotypes and frequencies of SNPs were identified. Finally, the associations of genotypes or haplotypes and somatic cell scores (SCS) were analyzed. The results showed that: (i) 15 SNPs (E+653, E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1250, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1891, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055, E+2214 and E+2295) were observed and detected from 289 cows; (ii) distribution of the 14 SNPs were significantly different from Xinjiang Brown cattle and Holstein (P < 0.001) except for the E+945 (P > 0.05); (iii) in 11 SNPs (E+945, E+978, E+1010, E+1688, E+1707, E+1779, E+1782, E+1995, E+2025, E+2055 and E+2214), the SCS of AB genotype was lower than AA (P < 0.05) in Xinjiang Brown cattle; and (iv) haplotypes composed of the above‐mentioned 11 SNPs were constructed. The SCS of cattle with Hap5 was lower than that of Hap3 (P < 0.05). This suggests that Hap5 might play an important role in sub‐mastitis resistance in Xinjiang Brown cattle.     

大樱桃褐斑病病原菌鉴定与田间流行动态研究

【目的】为有效防控大樱褐斑病,【方法】采用传统形态学鉴定方法、单胞分离法和柯赫氏法则,开展了樱桃褐斑病原菌、田间流行学和品种抗病性研究。【结果】研究结果明确了褐斑病病原菌为核果钉孢菌(Passalora circum-scissa)。田间流行动态研究结果表明,6月下旬或7月初始见褐斑病发生,7月下旬进入发病高峰,与降雨程度关系密切;7月下旬或8月初检测到褐斑病菌孢子,8月中旬至9月中旬为孢子释放高峰期。不同大樱桃主栽品种褐斑病发生程度差异较大。明确了烟台樱桃褐斑病初次防治关键期为6月中旬。【结论】研究结果为有针对性地田间防控大樱桃褐斑病提供了理论依据。     

真菌腐朽及潮湿环境对定向刨花板力学性能的影响

探讨和分析了室外用定向刨花板(OSB)在真菌腐朽及潮湿条件下力学性能的变化规律。植菌试件在25～30℃、相对湿度90％条件下放置20周后,测试结果表明,两种褐腐菌Gloeophyllum trabeum(G、T．)、Postia placenta(P．P．)和一种白腐菌Trametes versitcolor(T．V．)都以较小的质量损失对静曲强度(MOR)和弹性模量(MOE)造成严重破坏,其中,G．T．和T．V．在板材表面生长较旺盛,造成的强度损失程度类似,且部大于P．P．。但P．P．腐朽导致的单位质量损失具有最大破坏力。未种植真菌的试件处于温湿状态下同样产生显著的强度下降,表明室外用人造板材料除防腐处理外,还应注意采取防潮湿保护措施。     

米糠、锯末与蛋鸡粪堆肥过程中氮素的变化特征

探讨米糠、锯末与蛋鸡粪堆肥过程中氮素的变化特征,旨在为制定蛋鸡粪堆肥规模化生产中减少氮素损失、减少氨气挥发的调控措施提供科学依据。试验设4个处理,蛋鸡粪-米糠、蛋鸡粪-锯末,隔天翻堆1次;蛋鸡粪-米糠-锯末、蛋鸡粪-锯末,每天翻堆1次,定期测定物料理化指标。研究表明,堆肥过程中,铵态氮向硝态氮转化受抑制,氮素转化以有机氮与铵态氮间的相互转化以及铵态氮以氨气形式挥发为主,铵态氮主要以氨气形式挥发造成全氮损失。氮素转化与损失与堆肥温度、pH、O2等环境参数有关,高温、高pH促进氨气挥发;充足的氧气可促进铵态氮向微生物量态氮(有机氮)转化。这些参数主要受堆体结构对堆肥氧气供应和有机质分解的影响。因此,可以尝试在米糠和锯末中添加来源广泛的秸秆类辅料,通过改善堆体结构(容重)来减少氮素损失。     

带借贷利率和干扰的双Poisson-Geometric风险过程模型

考虑了带借贷利率及干扰的双复合Poisson-Geometric风险过程,借助全期望公式、微分和伊藤积分等知识,并综合引起破产的原因得到无限时破产概率积分微分方程和有限时破产概率的积分偏微分方程.     

循环农业发展的基本理论及展望

探讨了循环经济思想的起源,总结了循环经济思想在农业上的具体实践。循环农业是一种新型的发展模式,是实现人口、资源、环境相互协调发展的农业经济增长新方式,通过建立"农业资源→农业产品→农业废物再利用"的循环机制,实现经济发展与生态平衡的协调,实现农业生产的"两低一高",即资源消耗低、废弃物排放低、物质能量利用高。循环农业的本质特征是资源节约和产业链条延伸。发展循环农业是农业发展方式由外延式增长向内涵式发展转变的必然要求和解决农业资源短缺与环境退化的现实选择。最后,提出了今后的研究重点,包括循环农业的理论基础及机理、层次构成、重点方向与技术路径、保障研究等4个方面。     

褐飞虱在适应抗性水稻品种“IR26”过程中的氨基酸含量变化

本试验研究了褐飞虱在适应抗性水稻品种“IR26”过程中体内游离氨基酸含量的变化规律,结果表明,“IR26”植株的叶鞘和伤流液中氨基酸总量分别比感虫水稻品种“TN1”植株的低3．78％和3．05％。除苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸外,褐飞虱在“IR26”上取食第2代时体内其他氨基酸含量均升高,从第3代开始下降。饲养在“TN1”上的褐飞虱转移到“IR26”上取食后,其蜜露中氨基酸除天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和胱氨酸外,其他游离氨基酸含量均上升。而在“IR26”上取食3代的褐飞虱转移到“TN1”上取食,其蜜露中的苏氨酸、缬氨酸、精氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸和甘氨酸含量下降,但氨基酸总量相差不大。     

Soils and their relationship to aspect and vegetation history in the eastern Southern Alps, Canterbury High Country, South Island, New Zealand

This study focuses on soils in a mountainous catchment area located in the eastern part of the Southern Alps, South Island, New Zealand. The objective was to check the soils for non- or poorly crystalline constituents (metal organic complexes, short-range-order minerals) and if there is a relationship between pedogenesis and aspect and more recent landscape history. The morphology of the soils indicates brown soils (dystric cambisols, dystrudepts) with only few signs of podsolisation. In contrast, selected chemical properties of the soils reveal very strong weathering and leaching. Fe_o/Fe_d ratios are high and exceeding 0.6 in almost every soil horizon. Oxalate-extractable aluminium and silicon show prominent peaks in the lower subsoil horizons with 1.76–2.52% Al_o and up to 0.68% for Si_o on southern aspects. This is considerably higher than the values measured for soils on northern aspects (0.59% to 1.07% Al_o, max. 0.26% Si_o). This aspect relationship is also applying to phosphate retention reaching values of more than 90% on southern aspects and not more than 70% for northern aspects. Additionally, significant movement of organic matter in soils on southern aspects is evident by measurements of organic carbon and pyrophosphate-extractable Al and Fe. Thus soil formation can be regarded as more advanced on southern aspects. Allophane in association with organic matter can be considered as an important constituent in southern aspect subsoils being responsible for the typical andic properties. Metal-humus complexes and ferrihydrite are of subordinate significance. Considering the actual soil forming conditions under scrub-grassland (esp. soil acidity), it is unlikely that weathering and leaching is still strong enough today to allow significant podsolisation and the formation of short-range-order minerals. Under consideration of existing soil data from other studies it is proposed that these components and the podsolisation features are relicts caused by more acidic conditions under former forest cover which supported a stronger weathering and leaching.     

几种化学杀菌剂对茭白胡麻叶斑病的控制效果

为筛选出高效低毒并对作物安全的防治药剂,为茭白胡麻叶斑病的田间防治提供科学依据,选择7种常用杀菌剂进行田间药效试验,测定7种药剂对‘余茭4号’茭白胡麻叶斑病的防治效果。结果表明,供试7种杀菌剂中,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂的防效在用药7 d和14 d后达64.0%和55.67%,在7种杀菌剂防效中表现最优,同时12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂处理的茭白与对照处理在株高上无显著差异,且植株的分蘖数显著高于对照。因此,推荐12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂为茭白胡麻叶斑病发生初期使用的杀菌剂。     

保持金边虎尾兰金边不消失的繁殖方法

金边虎尾兰的金边属于嵌合体彩斑，叶插繁殖易使其金边消失。根据相关文献和实践经验，介绍了保持金边虎尾兰金边不消失的4种繁殖方法，其中根状茎扦插是一种新的繁殖方法。