Amanita muscaria toxicosis in two dogs

Objective: To report the manifestations, history, and pathophysiologic basis of disease in 2 dogs with Amanita muscaria toxicosis. Case summaries: Two dogs were evaluated for an acute onset of gastroenteritis and seizures. A. muscaria toxicosis was suspected in each dog after confirmation of environmental exposure and visualization of ingested mushrooms in vomitus. The diagnosis was confirmed following identification of toxic Amanita metabolites in the urine and serum of each dog. Administration of supportive and symptomatic therapies resulted in the complete recovery of each animal. Unique information provided: Ingestion of the mushroom, A. muscaria, by dogs can result in acute gastrointestinal distress that precedes a potentially life‐threatening central neurologic syndrome characterized by seizures, tremors, and somnolence. Central nervous system dysfunction results primarily from the actions of ibotenic acid and its decarboxylation product, muscimol, which are analogues of the neurotransmitters glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), respectively. Identification of these toxins in the urine and serum of affected dogs using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) provides a definitive diagnosis.     

Maize silage particle length modulates feeding patterns and milk composition in loose-housed lactating Holstein cows

This study analysed feeding patterns and feed selective consumption by loose-housed lactating dairy cows fed diets based on maize silage (MS) with different particle length (PL) to establish its effects on overall dry matter intake (DMI) and productive performance. Twelve multiparous Holstein cows were offered a total mixed ration (TMR) with three different PL of MS at harvesting (i.e., long, medium, and short). Results demonstrated greater numbers of day-time meals (i.e., 07:30–19:00 h) when PL was decreased from long to medium (P < 0.05). Night-time (i.e., 19:00–06:30 h) changes in the feeding pattern included an increased amount of feed per meal (P < 0.05) and a tendency to increase eating time per meal (P < 0.10) in cows fed the short-PL diet. Lowering the PL of MS also lowered the selective consumption against physically effective fibre larger than 1.18 mm (peNDF_> 1.18; P < 0.05) and in favour of fine particles (i.e., particles passing through 1.18 mm screen; P < 0.01). Decreasing PL of MS from long to medium and short increased daily DMI as well as the intake of energy and other nutrients contained in the diet including the amount of peNDF_> 1.18 (P < 0.01). The decrease in the PL of the diet also was associated with increased milk protein and lactose yield and milk urea nitrogen (P < 0.05). The actual milk yield and fat-corrected milk were not affected by the diet (P > 0.10). Although lowering of the PL tended to increase daily milk energy output (P < 0.10), the ratio between energy milk output and the energy intake was linearly decreased (P < 0.01), indicating a lower milk efficiency for the lower-PL diets. In conclusion, particle length of MS in a TMR has the potential to modulate circadian feeding patterns, selective consumption of the feed, daily DMI, and milk composition in high-producing dairy cows.     

牦牛肉中游离氨基酸含量的分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法测定了7头麦洼牦牛后腿肌肉中游离氨基酸的舍量。在牦牛肉中检测到16种游离的标准氨基酸，总含量为532．34±86．74mg／100g，其中含量最高的游离氨基酸为精氨酸，其次为组氨酸，这两种氨基酸约占游离氨基酸总量的75％。     

Gut ecology, feed digestion and performance in weaned piglets fed liquid diets

Gut environment and microflora, digestibility, and performance were studied in weaned piglets in Central Vietnam fed a dry control diet (CO), a naturally fermented liquid diet (FE), and a liquid diet with inclusion of rice distiller's residue (RDR). Digesta samples were collected at the start (day 0) and at the end of experiment (day 42). Diet FE had a lower pH than diet RDR, contained more organic acids, had the lowest counts of E. coli and total coliforms (P < 0.05), and the highest counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (P < 0.05). Piglets fed diets FE and RDR had lower pH (P < 0.05), and higher concentrations of organic acids in the stomach, ileum and mid-colon (P < 0.05) than piglets fed diet CO. Counts of LAB in stomach and ileum were higher in animals fed diets FE and RDR than CO (P < 0.05), while the number of E. coli and total coliforms along the gastrointestinal tract was reduced. The ileal digestibility of crude protein and organic matter was improved in piglets fed diet RDR (P < 0.05) compared with piglets fed diet CO. Piglets fed diet RDR had a higher weight gain (P < 0.05) and a better feed utilization (P < 0.05) than piglets fed the other diets. The present findings support the contention that fermented diets and/or fermented feedstuffs can be used for dietary manipulation to improve gut health and animal performance.     

口服不同剂型替米考星在鸡体内相对生物等效性研究

本试验按单剂量口服的方法对健康蛋鸡进行替米考星可溶性粉和替米考星溶液中主要组分替米考星的生物利用度和药代动力学研究。利用HPLC方法分析不同时间点试验鸡血浆中的药物浓度。药物的药动学参数结果显示,替米考星可溶性粉和替米考星溶液的平均血药浓度-时间曲线下面积(AUC0-48)分别为(16.947±0.624)μg/mL.h和(16.020±0.631)μg/mL.h,没有显著差异;二者AUC0-48比值为1.058,Cmax分别为(0.759±0.012)μg/mL和(0.764±0.012)μg/mL,比值为0.993;替米考星可溶性粉和替米考星溶液的t1/2β、C l(s)、t1/2 Ka和V/F(c)均没有显著差异;二者的tmax分别为(1.211±0.036)h和(1.030±0.063)h虽然有显著差异,但并不能以此说明二者生物学的非等效性。试验结果说明,单剂量口服替米考星可溶性粉和替米考星溶液后,替米考星被迅速吸收,消退缓慢,依据生物等效性的重要评判指标,得出替米考星可溶性粉和替米考星溶液在治疗中可以相互替代。     

Pharmacokinetics of thymoquinone in layer chickens following oral and intravenous administration

Thymoquinone (TQ) is the major constituent of Nigella sativa and known to possess a variety of pharmacological effects. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of TQ following oral (PO) and intravenous (IV) administration in layer chickens. The layer chickens were equally divided into two groups (six chickens in each group, total 12 chickens), and TQ was administered via PO and IV routes. For PO route, the dose was 20 mg/kg b.w. and for IV route, 5 mg/kg b.w. was administered, respectively. A sensitive and accurate High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) technique was validated for the quantification of TQ from plasma. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.02 µg/ml and 0.05 µg/ml, respectively with >80% recovery. Maximum plasma concentration (C_max) following PO and IV administration was 8.805 and 4.497 µg/ml, respectively, while time to reach at maximum concentration (T_max) was 1 and 0.1 hr, respectively. The elimination half‐lives were recorded as 1.02 and 0.978 hr, whereas the mean residence times were 1.79 and 1.036 hr following both PO and IV administration, respectively. The 85% PO bioavailability was indicative that TQ could be used for various therapeutic purposes in layer chickens.     

高效液相色谱法测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白含量.

本研究建立了一种用高效液相色谱测定婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白的方法。色谱条件:色谱柱为Hi Trap Heparin肝素琼脂糖亲和柱(0.7×2.5cm,1m L),流动相A为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4溶液(p H7.00),流动相B为50mmol/L的Na2HPO4+1.0mol/L的Na Cl溶液(p H7.00),检测波长为230nm。结果表明:乳铁蛋白的检出限为3.0mg/100g,回收率在86%~99%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.4%。用此方法检测婴儿配方奶粉中乳铁蛋白,操作简单,结果准确可靠,精密度高,重现性好。     

液相色谱法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺残留量的不确定度

通过数学建模,对GB/T22388-2008中HPLC法测定牛奶中三聚氰胺残留量的不确定度进行分析。将各个分量分化,运用最小二乘法对标准曲线拟合的不确定度,用极差法对测定次数较少时引起的不确定度,添加回收率的不确定度等进行分析。结果表明,合成标准不确定度U（X）=0.040,当取样量为2.00g,k=2（95%置信度）时,测得牛奶中三聚氰胺的含量为（2.00±0.160）mg/kg。     

牛奶中土霉素残留检测方法改进及临床消除规律探究

试验对牛奶中的土霉素残留检测方法进行了改进,并采用改进后的方法对牛奶中土霉素的临床消除情况进行了探究。样品前处理过程中,选取0.1mol/LNa₂EDTA-Mcllvaine缓冲溶液提取牛奶中的土霉素,正己烷除脂及HLB固相萃取柱净化浓缩。釆用Symmetry Shield RPC18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)反相色谱柱,以乙腈和0.048%的磷酸溶液(pH2.5)为流动相,采用梯度洗脱的方式对样品进行分析。方法改进后,土霉素的出峰时间为6.5min,峰形尖锐,与样品中的杂质峰分离良好。土霉素标准溶液在5~2000μg/kg范围内线性关系良好,标准曲线R²=0.9999;牛奶中土霉素在10、20、100μg/kg3组浓度的加标回收率分别为87.9%、90.5%和87.8%,批内变异系数范围为2.2%~5.8%,批间变异系数范围为4.0%~5.1%。土霉素在牛奶中的检出限为5μg/kg,定量限为10μg/kg,适用于研究土霉素在牛奶中的残留消除规律。选取了29头产后患有子宫内膜炎的奶牛,分成4个不同剂量组(2、3、4和5g),通过子宫内灌注土霉素的方式进行治疗,然后采用优化后的方法检测牛奶中残留的土霉素。结果发现,4g及以下剂量组给药72h后,牛奶中的土霉素可以消除至残留限量以下;而当给药剂量达到5g时,72h后牛奶中的土霉素未消除至残留限量以下,因此不建议采用5g及以上剂量灌注病牛子宫。     

饲料企业财务管理中的问题及改善

财务管理是企业管理的重要组成部分,贯穿于企业整个经营管理过程,与企业经济效益密切相关,直接影响企业的生存发展.企业通过财务管理、监督控制财务活动、资金投放、资金筹集来实现风险最小化,利润最大化.良好的财务管理是饲料企业赢利的保障.随着我国畜牧业的发展,饲料行业快速发展,饲料企业不断增多,财务管理问题更加凸显.饲料企业门...