Molecular mapping of soybean seed tocopherols in the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’

Soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) is cultivated primarily for its protein and oil in the seed. In addition, soybean seeds contain nutraceutical compounds such as tocopherols (vitamin E), which are powerful antioxidants with health benefits. The objective of this study was to identify molecular markers linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect accumulation of soybean seed tocopherols. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross ‘OAC Bayfield’ × ‘OAC Shire’ was grown in three locations over 2 years. A total of 151 SSR markers were polymorphic of which a one‐way analysis of variance identified 42 markers whereas composite interval mapping identified 26 markers linked to tocopherol QTL across 17 chromosomes. Individual QTL explained from 7% to 42% of the total phenotypic variation. Significant two‐locus epistatic interactions were identified for a total of 122 combinations in 2009 and 152 in 2010. The multiple‐locus models explained 18.4–72.2% of the total phenotypic variation. The reported QTL may be used in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) to develop high tocopherol soybean cultivars.     

The transition time from the juvenile phase to the adult phase differs in soybean cultivars ‘Enrei’ and ‘Peking’

Plants develop juvenile phase to adult phase in vegetative stage. Although soybean is a very important crop worldwide, there has been only one study of the juvenile–adult phase change. In this study, we determined that the juvenile–adult phase change occurred at different stages in two soybean cultivars that differ in their photosensitivity. Cultivar ‘Enrei’ (E1e2e3E4) is weakly photosensitive and cultivar ‘Peking’ (E1E2E3E4) is strongly photosensitive. In ‘Enrei’, the leaf size gradually increased at a constant leaf position regardless of the difference in day length. In ‘Peking’ plants transferred to short‐day conditions at several leaf development stages, leaf size gradually increased at different leaf positions. Expression of miR156 by ‘Enrei’ transferred to short‐day conditions had nearly the same pattern as that of ‘Enrei’ grown under long‐day conditions. In ‘Peking’, the expression of miR156 had different patterns in younger leaves of plants subjected to either a short‐day treatment or long‐day conditions. These results indicate that the E2 and E3 loci that regulate photosensitivity also regulate the expression of miR156 and the juvenile–adult phase change in soybean.     

Dexmedetomidine attenuates acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice

AIM: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on acute alcoholic hepatic injury in mice and to explore the possible mechanisms. METHODS: Kunming mice (n=50) were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10): normal saline control (NS) group, acute alcoholic hepatic injury model (E) group, low-dose (10 μg/kg) DEX (E+L) group, medium-dose (50 μg/kg) DEX (E+M) group and high-dose (100 μg/kg) DEX (E+H) group. The animals were sacrificed at 6 h after gavage of alcohol or normal saline. The levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. The livers were removed for evaluation of histological characteristics and determining the content of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) amd interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the liver tissues by ELISA. The expression levels of cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the liver tissues were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with NS group, the levels of ALT, AST and TG were obviously increased in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and MDA were obviously increase in E group, which were obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the activity of SOD and the content of GSH were obviously decreased in E group, which were obviously increased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, the expression of CYP2E1 and NF-κB was obviously increase in E group, which was obviously decreased in E+M and E+H groups. Compared with NS group, ethanol induced marked liver histological injury, which was less pronounced in E+M and E+H groups. CONCLUSION: DEX has a protective effect on mouse liver with acute alcoholic injury by the involvement in the processes of antioxidation and antiinflammation, and its mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of CYP2E1 and NF-κB expression.     

绿洲灌区不同密度玉米群体的耗水特性研究

针对水资源不足严重制约绿洲灌区玉米生产,密植对玉米耗水特性影响研究薄弱,以及生产实践中缺乏调控种植密度以同步提高产量和水分利用效率的理论依据等问题,2012—2015年,以先玉335为参试品种,在相同施肥、灌水制度下,设75 000株hm–2(低,D1)、87 000株hm–2(中,D2)、99 000株hm–2(高,D3)3个密度水平,探讨密度对玉米耗水的时间动态、耗水结构以及利用效率的影响,以期为优化密植增产节水技术提供理论依据。结果表明,随密度增大,玉米全生育期总耗水量(ET)增大,大喇叭口期至吐丝期是耗水量增大的主要时期,高、中密度处理与低密度处理相比,全生育期总耗水量4年平均分别高22.8%、14.4%,大喇叭口期至吐丝期平均分别高28.4%、18.2%,其他生育时期不同处理的耗水量差异不显著。增加密度可降低玉米的无效耗水,提高水分利用率,高、中密度处理较低密度处理全生育期的棵间蒸发量(E)4年平均分别减少56.5 mm、27.6 mm,密植降低棵间蒸发量的主要时期在拔节至灌浆期,其中大喇叭口期至吐丝期的日均棵间蒸发量分别减少0.51 mm、0.27 mm;高、中密度与低密度处理相比,全生育期的E/ET分别降低15.8%、6.2%,其中拔节至大喇叭口期减小幅度最大,分别为22.1%、10.7%。与低密度处理相比,高、中密度处理的籽粒产量分别提高了17.9%、14.8%,但高、中密度处理间的产量差异不显著;高、中、低密度处理的水分利用效率(WUE)分别为18.2、19.3和16.8 kg hm–2 mm–1,中密度处理的WUE显著高于低密度处理;与低密度处理相比,高、中密度处理4年平均灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)分别提高了34.5%、19.6%。本研究说明,在传统供水覆膜条件下,进一步增加种植密度是干旱绿洲灌区提高玉米产量和灌溉水利用效率的可行措施。     

高效氯氰菊酯对小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E的干预作用

为探究高效氯氰菊酯 (beta-cypermethrin, β-CP) 对雌性小鼠卵巢生殖功能的影响及维生素E (vitamin E, VE) 的干预作用,将雌性昆白小鼠随机分为6 组:空白对照组 (花生油处理)、β-CP不同剂量 (10、20、40 mg/kg) 处理组、VE保护组 (20 mg/kg β-CP+20 mg/kg VE) 和VE组 (20 mg/kg VE),连续灌胃10 d。灌胃结束后取小鼠卵巢组织,观察组织结构的病理变化,采用免疫组化法、蛋白免疫印迹试验及RT-PCR方法检测卵巢中StAR蛋白含量及casp-3、casp-8、INHα和INHβB 基因mRNA表达的变化。结果显示:与对照相比,10、20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理均使小鼠卵巢组织结构发生了损伤,使组织中StAR蛋白的浓度分别降低了18.8%、36.3%和40.3%,casp-3基因的表达分别升高了16.0%、26.7%和52.9%,INHα基因的表达分别升高了34.5%、83.6%和228.7%,INHβB基因的表达分别升高了7.5%、39.2%和52.7%;20和40 mg/kg的β-CP处理使得casp-8基因的表达分别升高了27.1%和36.7%。上述处理组与对照组的差异均达显著水平 (P＜0.05)。与 20 mg/kg β-CP处理组相比,VE 保护组的StAR蛋白含量也显著增多 (P＜0.05)。研究表明,β-CP对小鼠卵巢具有毒性作用,这与β-CP抑制StAR蛋白的合成,上调casp-3、casp-8、INHα及INHβB基因的表达有关;添加VE对小鼠卵巢有一定的保护作用,这与VE可减弱β-CP对StAR蛋白合成的抑制作用有关。     

一株可裂解耐黏菌素大肠杆菌噬菌体的分离鉴定及全基因组分析

为研究耐黏菌素大肠杆菌的噬菌体治疗方法,本研究以耐黏菌素大肠杆菌为宿主菌,采用双层琼脂平板法从山东烟台某养鸡场污水样中分离纯化得到裂解性噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2。通过透射电镜观察,最佳感染复数,一步生长曲线,温度稳定性,酸碱度稳定性等生物学特性测定,并对其进行全基因组测序分析。结果表明：1）噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2噬菌斑呈现透亮,外周无晕圈,形态学观察显示其具有可伸缩性尾鞘。2）生物学特性分析表明,噬菌体最佳感染复数为0.1,潜伏期为50 min,爆发期为40 min,爆发量为（331±9）PFU/cell。在温度4～40℃,pH为4～12的环境下,噬菌体活性较为稳定。3）通过噬菌体全基因组测序及核酸类型鉴定显示,该噬菌体基因组全长为74 752 bp,双链DNA,GC含量42.1%。在噬菌体基因组中共鉴定出121个编码蛋白（CDS）,包括结构组成、DNA代谢与复制和包装以及细菌裂解相关的功能基因,发现一个tRNA基因,且未检测到如stx-1等致病性基因和mcr-1等耐药基因相关的基因。综上,噬菌体SDYTW1-F1-2-2裂解谱较宽,具有良好的酸碱性、热稳定性以及安全...     

齐齐哈尔市猪水肿病病原的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对齐齐哈尔市10个市县猪场送检的30份疑似仔猪水肿病病料进行了实验室检测.经过分离培养、形态学检查、生化鉴定、致病性试验,分离到致病性大肠埃希菌27株.应用微量平板凝集试验,对分离的致病菌进行血清型鉴定.结果表明,以O138、O139、O9血清型最多,共22株,占分离致病菌的81%.药敏试验结果显示,同一猪场不同血清型组的药物敏感性无显著差异,不同猪场相同血清型组和不同猪场不同血清型组的药物敏感性除丁胺卡那外,各组间均不相同.     

白芝麻油脂理化特性及组成分析

分析测定了不同产地白芝麻压榨油脂的折光指数、皂化值及不皂化物含量等理化指标;采用气相色谱法分析了压榨白芝麻油中脂肪酸成分含量,其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量占84％以上;并用胰脂酶选择性水解方法分析了压榨白芝麻油的甘三酯分子结构组成,发现其LOL相对含量最高(22.98％ ～25.62％);高效液相色谱法测定压榨芝麻油中维生素E含量为13.73 ～ 54.43 mg/(100 g),芝麻素含量为60.14 ～69.10 mg/(100 g);分析测定了不同产地芝麻制取的压榨白芝麻油氧化稳定性,结果表明,白芝麻油4号氧化稳定性相对较好.     

饲粮锌、硒和维生素E水平对后备母猪生长发育及生殖激素的影响

选择日龄、体况较一致的二元杂(长白×约克)后备母猪27头,采用L9(34)正交表安排试验,共9个试验组,每组3个重复。饲粮锌、硒和维生素E均设置3个水平,分别为:锌(45.0mg/kg,85.0mg/kg,125mg/kg);硒(0.10mg/kg,0.25mg/kg,0.40mg/kg);维生素E(15IU/kg,30IU/kg,45IU/kg),目的是研究饲粮微量元素锌、硒和维生素E对后备母猪生长发育和血清生殖激素参数的影响规律。结果表明在喂给含锌量85mg/kg,含硒量0.25mg/kg,含维生素E量45IU/kg饲粮时:(1)后备母猪的初次发情时间最早,分别为(187.4±6.6)d,(185.9±8.4)d,(189.1±7.3)d(P<0.05);(2)血清雌激素及孕激素浓度在不同日龄情况下均显示最高水平(P<0.05或P<0.10)。综合所考察的参数,后备母猪饲粮中含锌85mg/kg,含硒0.25mg/kg,含维生素E45IU/kg是适当的组合用量。     

Antiplatelet and Antithrombotic Effects of Isaridin E Isolated from the Marine-Derived Fungus via Downregulating the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway

Isaridin E, a cyclodepsipeptide isolated from the marine-derived fungus Amphichorda felina (syn. Beauveria felina) SYSU-MS7908, has been demonstrated to possess anti-inflammatory and insecticidal activities. Here, we first found that isaridin E concentration-dependently inhibited ADP-induced platelet aggregation, activation, and secretion in vitro, but did not affect collagen- or thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, isaridin E dose-dependently reduced thrombosis formation in an FeCl₃-induced mouse carotid model without increasing the bleeding time. Mechanistically, isaridin E significantly decreased the ADP-mediated phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt. In conclusion, these results suggest that isaridin E exerts potent antithrombotic effects in vivo without increasing the risk of bleeding, which may be due to its important role in inhibiting ADP-induced platelet activation, secretion and aggregation via the PI3K/Akt pathways.