英国蘑菇现代化栽培模式

本文简要地介绍了英国双孢磨菇产业的发展模式，既集中－相对集中－分散的产业格局，以及由机械化，工厂化，电脑控制化的现代化栽培模式。     

A Preliminary Study on the Phenology ofTaxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc.

In this paper, the phenomena of the life cycle ofTaxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc., such as germination, leafing, flowing, seed mature, new shoot growth etc. were observed and measured. As a result, the phenological regularity ofTaxus cuspidata was found initially. At the same time, according to its five-day mean increment and height growth curve, the growing process of new shoot ofTaxus cuspidata was divided into three periods: slow period peak period and decline period. The paper supplied scientific data for the introduction of the rare and imminent variety, domestication, cultivating, exploiting, utilizing and protecting ofTaxus cuspidata. The research was supported by State Natural Science Foundation     

肉用兔生长阶段蛋白质需要量的研究

24只45±3日龄的塞北兔仔兔随机分为三组,采用饲养试验,氮平衡试验,屠宰试验及低氮日粮试验等方法研究肉兔生长阶段蛋白质的需要量。结果表明:(1)生长内兔的 EUN 为144mgN/W~(0.75)d,MFN 为182mgN/W~(0.75)d;(2)生长肉兔对蛋白质的消化率受日粮总蛋白的影响(P<0.01),随着日粮中精料蛋白所占比例的提高,日粮蛋白质的消化率提高(P<0.01);(3)肉用兔对蛋白质的代谢率受其采食量及试兔体重的双重影响(P<0.01),随着蛋白质采食量及体重的增大显著地下降。综合所有试验结果,析因法得出肉用兔代谢体重及平均日增重(ADG)与消化蛋白质采食量(DCPI)的关系式:DCPI(g/d)=2.60W~(0.75)+0.3587ADG(g)     

青刈黑麦适宜播量及播期效应研究

在河北低平原区对青刈黑麦的播量及播期效应进行的研究表明青刈黑麦以收获鲜草为目的适宜播量为165kg/hm2;适宜播期阈值下限为10月底;青刈黑麦的播期效应明显,随着播期的推迟导致其孕穗期、抽穗期、扬花期的延迟并使产量明显下降。根据研究结果分析,青刈黑麦可以利用果树冬春休眠期与果树进行间作,其进入果园生态系统是可行的。     

新疆天山北坡山地草原植物生育节律分析

天山北坡山地草原主要植物生育节律表现为：植物高度生长的高峰时期在抽穗前后，生物量增长旺盛时期在5月中旬至7月上旬；秋季羊茅、针茅再生，同时参与种冷蒿和木地肤处于生长期；草地植物群落生物量表现为春秋两季生长；植物群落生物量结构秋季发生变化，主要由于蒿类半灌木秋季生长的特点所致；群落生物量除受不同物种生育节律的影响，同时受10～20cm层土壤含水量影响。     

Effect of coarse ground corn, sugar beet pulp and wheat bran on the voluntary intake and physicochemical characteristics of digesta of growing pigs

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of a coarse ground cereal and two fibrous ingredients incorporated in the diet on the physicochemical properties of digesta and productive parameters of pigs during the first stage of the growing period. A total of 96 pigs (initial body weight, BW, 15 kg) were distributed into four experimental treatments: the control diet (CT) consisted of corn, barley and soybean meal milled to pass through a 2.5 mm screen; the coarse corn diet (CC) was prepared by milling the corn to a coarser particle size (4.0 mm screen); the sugar beet pulp diet (SBP) and the wheat bran diet (WB) were prepared by replacing some of the corn for sugar beet pulp (80 g/kg) or wheat bran (100 g/kg) respectively, in order to contain a higher amount of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP). Three experimental periods were considered (7, 21 and 42 days) during which body weight (BW) and voluntary feed intake were assessed. At the end of each period eight animals per diet were slaughtered. Weight of the gastrointestinal tract and its compartments (full and empty) was recorded and the contents were sampled. Digesta samples were analysed for water concentration, water retention capacity (WRC), ammonia and short-chain fatty acids concentration (SCFA). Histological study of the proximal colon tissues was also performed. In general, the different parameters evaluated showed differences between the experimental periods, but few interactions were recorded. Animals fed CC, SBP and WB diets presented a lower feed intake (P ≤ 0.009) compared to CT fed animals. Compared to the control diet, coarse grinding of corn provoked an increase in the colonic digesta content (P = 0.032). Similarly, animals fed the SBP diet compared to CT animals, showed an increase in the contents (P = 0.009) of hindgut, and in the concentration of water in the digesta (P ≤ 0.011). Compared to CT diet the SBP diet lowered the ammonia concentration in the hindgut contents (P ≤ 0.045) and increased the concentration of SCFA in the distal colon (P ≤ 0.025). Animals fed the SBP diet also showed a lower number of lymphoid nodes in the colonic mucosa compared to the other diets (P ≤ 0.043). Minor modifications were observed associated with the incorporation of wheat bran in the diet, but colonic water from WB fed animals showed a tendency to increase cytolytic capacity. The results confirm major changes in the voluntary intake and physicochemical properties of digesta as affected by the incorporation in the diet of a fibrous ingredient or coarse grinding of cereals.     

生长季红松不同部位单宁含量变化规律1）

对生长季不同月份红松不同部位单宁的含量进行了研究。红松当年生叶和宿生叶单宁含量呈稳步上升的规律,韧皮部单宁含量呈有波动的上升趋势,木质部单宁含量与叶类似呈稳步上升的规律,均在9月份达到最大;枯落叶单宁含量未呈现明显规律,各月份之间差异不大;红松各部分单宁含量为韧皮部＞老叶＞当年叶＞木质部。     

高寒区日光温室不同栽培方式与香椿苗芽生长动态试验

试验对高寒区日光温室不同栽培方式下香椿的生育期、产量、品质及生长情况下环境条件的相关关系进行了研究。结果表明：高寒区栽种香椿必须进行设施栽培;温室香椿以2年生苗抗寒性最强,年生长量最大,产量最高;温室香椿的椿芽生长速度与温室内平均温度和平均相对湿度均成正相关关系。     

Effect of Cadmium in Feed on Organs and Meat Colour of Growing Pigs

One hundred and ninety-two barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, initial weight 27.7 kg) were used to investigate the effects of cadmium in feed on the function of selected organs and meat colour of growing pigs. The pigs were randomly allocatted into four different treatments. Each treatment included three replications with 16 pigs per replicate. The animals were fed corn–soybean basal diet and supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg cadmium (as CdCl₂), respectively. The feeding trial ended when the average body weight of the pigs reach 90 kg. The results showed that, compared with controls, addition of 10 mg/kg cadmium to the diet resulted in significant elevations of relative weight of liver and spleen by 18.3% (p < 0.05) and 19.7% (p < 0.05) respectively, and of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) activities by 17.8% (p < 0.05) and 27.4% (p < 0.05) respectively; and significant decreases of Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity in the liver by 24.6% (p < 0.05), the redness of longissimus dorsi by 26.6% (p < 0.05) and 24.9% (p < 0.05) at 0.75 h and 16 h post mortem, respectively, and of the myoglobin content of longissimus dorsi by 19.4% (p < 0.05). No changes were found in these indices above when the pigs were fed the diet supplied with 0.5 or 5 mg/kg cadmium (p > 0.05), nor in renal functions among cadmium-treatment treatments (p > 0.05) as indicated is the activities of urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (NAG) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the content of urinary protein. The study indicated the adverse effects of 10 mg/kg cadmium in feed on liver functions and meat colour of growing pigs.     

低蛋白日粮对生长猪舍NH3和H2S质量浓度及猪生产性能的影响

将48头平均体重约27 kg的杜×(长×大)三元杂交生长猪根据体重和性别分成4组,饲喂4种不同蛋白质水平日粮,3种试验日粮根据理想氨基酸模式配制.试验结果表明:①4组日增重与料重比差异不显著(P>0.05).15%粗蛋白组生长速度最快,14%粗蛋白组经济性能最好,平均增重利润比17%粗蛋白组多0.41元/kg.②14%、13%粗蛋白组血清尿素氮分别显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)低于17%粗蛋白组.③4组猪舍期中、期末氨气质量浓度,14%、13%粗蛋白组分别显著(P<0.05)、极显著(P<0.01)低于17%粗蛋白组,各组硫化氢质量浓度无显著差异(P>0.05).