五种微肥配施对紫花苜蓿干草产量的影响

为研究不同配合比例的微肥对苜蓿草产量的影响,试验以Zn、Mn、Cu、B、Mo五种微肥作为试验因子,采用五元二次回归正交旋转组合设计,研究微肥对苜蓿干草产量的影响。结果表明:对苜蓿干草产量有显著影响的因子是锰肥和钼肥,有显著影响的交互项为锌肥与铜肥、锰肥与钼肥;而且在本试验条件下,施用较大量的锌、铜肥或施用较少的锌、铜肥苜蓿易获得高产,施用较少量的锰肥和钼肥,苜蓿可获得高产。通过模拟寻优得到微肥配施最佳方案为:Zn为10 kg/hm2,Mn为2 kg/hm2,Cu为2.5 kg/hm2,B为0.5 kg/hm2,Mo为75 g/hm2。建立了有关数学模型。     

皇竹草和人工配合饲料营养成分分析及其对2月龄草鱼的增重效果

[目的]测定皇竹草和人工配合饲料的营养成分含量,探讨用其饲喂2月龄草鱼的增重效果。[方法]根据不同的成分测定要求,测定皇竹草和人工配合饲料的主要营养成分含量。用皇竹草和人工配合饲料饲喂2月龄草鱼,研究其对2月龄草鱼的增重效果。[结果]冬季鲜样水分含量为76．04％,粗蛋白14．61％,粗脂肪2．34％,粗灰分10．43％,粗纤维19．加％,碳水化合物53．42％;人工配合饲料水分含量为6．8％,粗蛋白37．66％,粗脂肪3．22％,粗灰分9．55％,粗纤维3．65％,碳水化合物45．92％。鲜皇竹草粗纤维的含量明显高于普通人工饲料,而粗蛋白的含量则相反,其他成分差异不明显。利用二者对2月龄草鱼进行投喂,结果发现全程投喂皇竹草的草鱼组的体重及其他可量生长性状都明显低于人工配合饲料组。{结论12月龄草鱼以皇竹草作为主要营养物质的增重效果不如人工配合饲料。     

气力式免耕播种机试验研究

针对我国天然草场严重退化及现有牧草播种机对禾本科及小粒牧草种子适应性差和难以均匀播种的问题,研制生产了气力式牧草免耕播种机.通过对9BQM-3.0型气力式牧草免耕播种机做排种试验进行性能和生产试验研究,测量其各行排量一致性变异系数,苜蓿是3.41％,披碱草是6.04％,玉米是7.33％;总排量稳定性变异系数,苜蓿是1.6％,披碱草是3.77％,玉米是2.8％,地轮滑移率是4.3％,纯工作时间生产率是3.596 hm2/h,班次时间生产率是3.500 hm2/h.通过试验表明,该排种装置通用性良好,适用性广,播种均匀,可实现高速单粒体排种,其各项指标均达到了设计要求,为以后气力式牧草免耕播种机的设计提供依据,同时加快其推广应用.     

补播禾草对退化苜蓿草地生产性能及牧草品质的影响

针对宁夏半干旱区7龄以上苜蓿(Medicago sativa)草地退化导致的牧草产量低、品质差等问题,本试验采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)、披碱草(Elymus nutans)、苇状羊茅(Festuca arundi-nacea)、无芒雀麦(Bromus inermis)、鸭...     

草鱼SGLT1/2基因克隆及葡萄糖处理对其mRNA表达的影响

作为重要的转运载体,SGLTs(钠依赖性葡萄糖协同转运蛋白,sodium-glucose co-transporters)在物质的吸收过程中发挥着关键的作用.SGLT1和SGLT2作为SGLTs家族的重要成员,参与调节体内的葡萄糖吸收,从而维持血糖的稳态.为研究SGLT1和SGLT2在草鱼葡萄糖吸收过程中的作用,本实验...     

草鱼IFNa和IFNd重组蛋白表达、纯化及单克隆抗体制备

为系统研究草鱼I型干扰素的合成、分泌和免疫功能,本研究在大肠杆菌中表达并提纯了草鱼IFNa（CiIFNa）和IFNd（CiIFNd）重组蛋白。将CiIFNa和CiIFNd成熟肽分别克隆到pET-21d或pEHISTEVb表达载体上,并转化到大肠杆菌中;IPTG诱导表达得到CiIFNa和CiIFNd成熟肽的包涵体,经过盐酸胍变性、蛋白复性和浓缩后,利用AKTA分子筛层析获得了纯度较高的重组蛋白。用重组蛋白免疫小鼠,通过PEG法诱导得到杂交瘤细胞;将稳定分泌抗体的阳性细胞株的细胞悬液注射入小鼠腹腔,制备腹水抗体并进行纯化。本研究纯化了草鱼CiIFNa和CiIFNd各2株抗体,并采用SDS-PAGE、ELISA、Western blot和免疫荧光法对其进行了较全面的鉴定。研究结果表明CiIFNa和CiIFNd单克隆抗体特异性好、效价高,能够特异识别在大肠杆菌和真核细胞中表达的重组蛋白,且不存在CiIFNa和CiIFNd分子间的交叉识别。本研究制备的单克隆抗体为深入研究草鱼干扰素的细胞来源和蛋白表达规律奠定基础。     

超高压对草鱼肌肉超微结构与质构特性的影响

研究了等静超高压对草鱼肌肉超微结构与质构特性的影响，并与猪肌肉用对照。结果表明：１．加压处理的草鱼肌肉，其超微结构中出现较明显的变化，如肌原纤维中Ａ带和Ｉ带的细丝均被破坏，粗丝相互聚集，出现间隙，Ｚ线变粗，不连续，Ｈ带和Ｍ线消失等，但肌原纤维的外形仍保持完整。２加压处理的草鱼肌肉，其外观无显著变化，色泽稍白，略有汁液流出，但质构特性与处理前无明显差别。     

Effects of Using Live Grass Shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) as the only Source of Food for the Culture of Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis (Linnaeus, 1758)

The life cycle of cuttlefish fed ad libitum exclusively on live grass shrimp (Palaemonetes varians) was studied during 5 consecutive generations. Different culture temperatures promoted different (P < 0.05) exponential growth for each life cycle, being summer generations shorter than those of winter. Higher temperatures promoted higher IGR’s and mortality, while lower temperatures promoted increased life span, reproduction stages, total fecundity and total egg biomass. Increased generations also seemed to increase fertility. A “hybrid” generation promoted the best results in terms of hatchling weight, individual fecundity and fertility. Mean egg weight was related to female size and embryonic development took longer at lower temperatures. Brood stock sex ratios seemed to be temperature related. All of these culture aspects were also compared between themselves in order to establish future brood stock methodologies. Grass shrimp proved to be a good diet for the culture of cuttlefish throughout the life cycle. The use of only one species reduces costs and labor associated to cuttlefish culture.     

草鱼出血病的免疫学研究进展

由于草鱼病毒性出血病发病率高,且尚未找到有效防治的药物,至今一直成为草鱼养殖发展中"瓶颈"问题的根本原因。因此,采取免疫学途径防治草鱼出血病是解决此问题的关键之所在。综述了采用草鱼出血病疫苗、干扰素及免疫增强剂进行草鱼出血病防治的研究现状;提出口服型免疫增强剂是生产上防治草鱼出血病最为有效的途径之一。     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.