家蚕茧分级和检验方法研究初报

为了适应仪器评茧和提高蚕茧质量,从技术层面研究了统一的家蚕茧分级标准,初步确定了蚕茧分级办法、质量标示、质量综合得分计算方法、检验方法及茧价计算方法等。依照统一的蚕茧分级标准及方法,可促进蚕茧收购与销售“按质评级、分等计价”,有利于“优茧优价”政策的全面实施。     

上海主要古树树干腐烂状况检测研究

应用声纳无损探测仪,检测了上海地区100余株主要古树树种的树干内部腐烂状况,检测中形成3种内部截面腐烂状况类型,即空洞、腐烂、疏松,每种类型具有一定的面积,相应为S1、S2、S3,截面总面积计为S,3种类型的截面面积总和在截面总面积的百分比为R。通过图像分析,得出如下结论:同种古树随着树龄的增长,其腐烂程度逐步加大;4种树龄相同的古树,其腐烂程度不同,悬铃木最易腐烂,广玉兰、香樟其次,银杏的腐烂程度最轻;根据R的大小,将古树的健康状况分为5个等级,即一级(0%≤R≤5%)、二级(5%R≤15%)、三级(15%R≤30%)、四级(30%R≤50%)、五级(50%R≤100%)。     

烟叶分级操作技能研究

依据烤烟分级国家标准,针对烟叶分级实际操作过程中的难点,从部位、颜色、级别3个角度进行技能、技术、技巧性分析,从而提出了烟叶识别难度图、烟叶生长等级位置图,旨在提高分级人员的技术水平。     

Fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting shorten postharvest life in fresh figs (Ficus carica L.), but are reduced by deficit irrigation

Side cracking and ostiole-end splitting skin damage affected decay development and the percentage of sound fruit during fresh fig (Ficus carica L.) postharvest handling and marketing. Modification of current grading standard tolerances according to cultivar is suggested to protect the consumers and improve marketable yield. The type and degree of skin damage varied among cultivars. For ‘Brown Turkey’, ‘Kadota’ and ‘Sierra’, slight skin-damage prior to cold storage increased decay and reduced postharvest life. In contrast, the postharvest life of ‘Black Mission’ fig was not significantly affected by a slight degree of skin damage prior to cold storage. Furthermore, postharvest decay incidence was associated with the degree of side cracking and ostiole-end splitting at harvest. Because fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting occur during fruit growth and development, prevention by regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) with 55% ET_c was studied for two years. In both seasons, fruit quality attributes were not affected by RDI, except for ‘Brown Turkey’, where size decreased by 21% during one season. RDI significantly reduced fruit skin side cracking and ostiole-end splitting in ‘Brown Turkey’ and skin side cracking in ‘Sierra’, increasing marketable fruit by 50% in ‘Brown Turkey’ and 18% in ‘Sierra’.     

沥青路面车辙隆起变化规律浅析

车辙是目前高速公路沥青路面主要病害之一,通过对试验路钻取芯样,分别测量芯样的高度、毛体积密度、油石比、级配等,得出荷载作用不同位置处相应指标的变化规律,为高速公路沥青路面车辙研究提供参考。     

基于计算机视觉的葡萄检测分级系

设计了一套基于计算机视觉的葡萄检测分级系统,包括驱动装置、输送机构、夹持机构、图像采集与处理系统和分级控制系统,葡萄以悬挂方式连续输送,两个CCD摄像机在外触发模式下实时采集葡萄的两面图像.基于RGB色彩空间计算果面着色率,采用投影面积法和果轴方向投影曲线计算果穗大小和形状参数,进而实现葡萄外观品质分级.选用20穗巨峰葡萄进行3次分级试验,与人工分级对比,颜色和大小形状分级的准确率分别为90%和88.3%,同时在分级过程中不会对葡萄造成损伤.     

一种层次混合量化苹果品质分级的研究

本文讨论苹果层次量化品质分级方法,旨在解决现行品质分级存在问题。通过深入调查,运用词云和层次分析法,掌握消费者对品质分级关注点和因素影响力;并根据品质分级指标属性不同,制定可量化的评分规则,最终形成各项指标评分计算方法和品质分级标准。采取层次混合量化品质分级法,综合检测指标评价,优于大小、果形、颜色等单一指标品质评价。该方法不仅充分考虑消费者关注点,而且综合外观、内在评价指标,有效解决苹果品质分级指标难以量化的问题,也为其他果品品质分级提供有效的解决方案。     

Growth and the effect of grading, of turbot in a shallow raceway system

Juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.), ranging in size from 30 to 407 g were graded into small, large, and unsorted groups in a low-water-level raceway system. Water depth was 7 cm. The rearing design proved self-cleaning and well suited for turbot ongrowing. Mean initial weights 146.2, 236.1, 162.7 g increased to 299.1, 465.6 and 343.1 g in the small, large, and unsorted groups respectively during the 86 day experiment. The corresponding SGRs were 0.84, 0.79 and 0.87% day-1. No positive effect of grading on biomass production was revealed. The coefficient of variance gave no indication of social interactions, but plotting the start weights against estimated individuals SGRs did, although the effect was minor.