表达Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒VP1蛋白重组腺病毒的构建

为构建表达Ⅰ型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(DHV-I)VP1蛋白的重组腺病毒,本实验采用RT-PCR方法扩增DHV-Ⅰ HP-1株VP1基因,克隆于腺病毒穿梭质粒pShuttle-CMV中,并将其电转化于含腺病毒pAdeasy骨架质粒的大肠杆菌BJ5183中,通过同源重组制备含有重组腺病毒的质粒.重组质粒经PacⅠ酶切线性化后转染AD293细胞,获得重组腺病毒(rAd-VP1).间接免疫荧光和western blot鉴定结果显示,DHV-Ⅰ的VP1蛋白在重组腺病毒感染的AD293中获得表达.rAd-VP1的制备为鸭免疫实验效果评价奠定了基础.     

Results of adrenalectomy in 36 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical tumour

Summary

A total of 38 adrenocortical tumours were removed from 36 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism. The surgical approach was by way of a unilateral flank laparotomy (32 dogs; 14 left and 18 right), a bilateral flank laparotomy (3 dogs) or a midline celiotomy (1 dog).

Two dogs were euthanized during surgery because their tumours could not be resected. Eight dogs died from post‐operative complications. Pancreatic necrosis with peritonitis was the most common cause of death. Eight of the 26 dogs that survived had signs of recurrence of hyperadrenocorticism. Unsuppressible hyperadrenocorticism was found in four dogs; one dog had probably pre‐existent pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism, and adrenocortical function could not be re‐examined in the remaining three dogs.

Among the 37 tumours examined microscopically expansion of neoplastic tissue into blood vessels was found in 22 of them. Four adrenal glands with adrenocortical tumours also contained phaeochromocytomas. Necropsy was performed in eight dogs. Metastases were found in the lungs of two dogs and in the lungs and liver in one dog.

In combination with the data of previous reports, it is suggested that histological findings in surgery specimens are not good predictors for the clinical outcome.     

Detection,Occurrence,and Survey of Rice Stripe and BlackStreaked Dwarf Diseases in Zhejiang Province,China

The major viral diseases that occur on rice plants in Zhejiang Province, eastern China, are stripe and rice black-streaked dwarf diseases. Rice stripe disease is only caused by rice stripe tenuivirus （RSV）, while rice black-streaked dwarf disease can be caused by rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （RBSDV） and/or southem rice black-streaked dwarf fijivirus （SRBSDV）. Here we review the characterization of these viruses, methods for their detection, and extensive surveys showing their occurrence and spread in the province.     

Biomarkers in canine parvovirus enteritis

Canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis has, since its emergence in 1978, remained a common and important cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs. The continued incidence of parvoviral enteritis is partly due to the virus' capability to evolve into more virulent and resistant variants with significant local gastrointestinal and systemic inflammatory sequelae. This paper reviews current knowledge on historical-, signalment-, and clinical factors as well as several haematological-, biochemical- and endocrine parameters that can be used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in CPV enteritis. These factors include season of presentation, purebred nature, bodyweight, vomiting, leukopaenia, lymphopaenia, thrombocytopaenia, hypercoagulability, hypercortisolaemia, hypothyroxinaemia, hypoalbuminaemia, elevated C-reactive protein and tumour necrosis factor, hypocholesterolaemia and hypocitrullinaemia. Factors contributing to the manifestations of CPV infection are multiple with elements of host, pathogen, secondary infections, underlying stressors and environment affecting severity and outcome. The availability of several prognosticators has made identification of patients at high risk of death and their subsequent targeted management more rewarding.     

雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒强毒在感染鸭胚体内形态发生学和宿主细胞超微病理学研究

将雏鹅新型病毒性肠炎病毒（NGVEV）强毒CH株经尿囊腔途径人工感染10日龄鸭胚,应用透射电镜和超薄切片技术研究病毒在宿主细胞内的形态发生及各组织器官的超微结构变化。结果表明：感染后不同时间剖杀及死亡鸭胚的尿囊膜、肠、心、肝、脑和肌胃组织中,均观察到60～70nm的病毒粒子。病毒粒子主要通过与细胞膜融合而进入细胞质内,然后在细胞核内进行复制和装配。最后病毒粒子通过核膜和细胞膜破裂的方式被释放。病毒侵害的主要靶细胞包括鸭胚尿囊膜上皮细胞、肠上皮细胞、肠道平滑肌细胞、成纤维细胞、肝细胞、肌胃黏膜上皮细胞和心肌细胞等,表现为细胞核内外膜间隙严重扩张,细胞质整体结构严重空化。病毒侵害的主要靶细胞器包括粗面内质网和线粒体,表现为粗面内质网扩张呈囊状;尿囊膜上皮细胞的线粒体出现固缩和异常聚集变化,而其他组织细胞的线粒体均表现为肿胀和嵴断裂、消失。本试验还发现NGVEV可诱导宿主细胞发生严重的细胞凋亡现象,表现为细胞皱缩,胞核内染色质密度增高,核固缩成一个或数个团块凝聚在核膜周边,胞质浓缩深染并形成凋亡小体。     

Outbreak of acute bovine viral diarrhea in Brazilian beef cattle: clinicopathological findings and molecular characterization of a wild-type BVDV strain subtype 1b

When first described in 1946, bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) was characterized as an acute transmissible disease associated with severe leucopenia, high fever, depression, diarrhea, gastrointestinal erosions, and hemorrhages. Recently the severe acute form has been related only to some hypervirulent BVDV-2 strains. This article reports the detection of BVDV-1b associated with an acute and fatal outbreak of BVD in a Brazilian beef cattle herd. Depression, anorexia, watery diarrhea, sialorrhea, and weakness were observed in six steers. One of these animals was evaluated for laboratorial, clinical, and pathological alterations. Laboratory findings were non-specific; clinically, the animal was weak, with dehydration and erosive oral lesions. Pathological alterations were predominant at the tongue, esophagus, and rumen. A RT-PCR assay using primers to partially amplify the 5′ untranslated region (5′UTR) of the BVDV genome was performed and identified BVDV in all clinical samples analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of BVDV derived from lymph node revealed that this strain was clustered within the BVDV subtype 1b. This differentiating was only possible to be performed by molecular characterization since both clinical presentation and pathologic findings were similar to BVDV-2 infection.     

牛支原体和牛病毒性腹泻病毒二重二温式PCR检测方法的建立

为建立一种牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis,MB)和牛病毒性腹泻病毒(Bovine viral diarrhea virus,BVDV)的快速鉴别诊断方法,针对MB的uvr C基因和BVDV的5'端非编码区(5'-UTR)保守基因序列,分别设计两对特异引物,并将三温式PCR扩增程序简化为二个温度梯度,建立了鉴别MB和BVDV的二重二温式PCR方法。该方法能同时扩增MB和BVDV,扩增产物大小分别为412和170 bp。特异性试验结果显示,该方法对参试的所有毒株只扩增MB和BVDV基因组,对其它牛病原体无扩增;敏感性试验结果显示,该方法最低能同时检测到104拷贝的两种目的核酸;干扰性试验结果显示,该方法能同时检测两个模板不同浓度的组合,试验结果不受模板影响。综上,本研究所建立的二重二温式PCR方法特异、敏感、快速、简便,可应用于MB和BVDV临床鉴别诊断和流行病学调查。     

PP1和PP2对鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒感染影响的研究

为研究化学小分子SRC抑制剂PP1和PP2对鸡传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)感染宿主细胞的影响,本研究将ILTV接种鸡细胞系LMH作为研究模型,检测了PP1和PP2对ILTV感染各阶段的作用。结晶紫染色结果显示,ILTV感染细胞中,与DMSO处理组相比,PP1和PP2处理组的细胞死亡均明显增多,表明PP1和PP2促进了ILTV感染介导的宿主细胞死亡;高内涵细胞筛选检测分析结果显示,在病毒感染24h时,PP1和PP2处理组EGFP荧光面积显著大于对照组(p<0.05),表明PP1和PP2可以促进ILTV的扩散,并且该现象不受ILTV中和抗体的影响,提示PP1和PP2可以促进ILTV的细胞-细胞间扩散;病毒特异性qPCR检测显示,PP1和PP2处理组的病毒基因组拷贝数与DMSO对照组相比无显著差异,PP1和PP2处理组之间的病毒基因组拷贝数也无显著差异(p>0.05),PP1和PP2对病毒复制无显著影响。为了进一步确定PP1和PP2促进ILTV细胞-细胞间扩散的具体作用方式,本研究利用多种颜色及理化性质不同的染料对LMH细胞膜、细胞质以及ILTV囊膜分别进行染色检测,结果显示PP1和PP2能够促进ILTV进入细胞,但对ILTV吸附细胞和细胞间胞质直接联系无显著影响。本研究初步确定了PP1和PP2影响ILTV感染的具体作用方式,为对其进一步分子机制研究奠定了基础。