Changes in peroxidase activity and lignin content of cultured tea cells in response to excess manganese

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to identify the effects of manganese (Mn) on the activity of peroxidase (PO) and the amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) and lignin, as well as the cell viability of suspension-cultured tea cells (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Yabukita). Cells were grown in B5 medium (containing 0.06 mmol L^?1 Mn) and cultured for 24 h in medium with a Mn concentration of 0.9 mmol L^?1 as an excess treatment. No significant difference was observed between cellular growth and the viability of the cultured tea cells after treatment with excess Mn compared with cells grown under control conditions, although the content of Mn in cells in the excess Mn treatment was 12-fold higher than that of the control cells. The amount of total AsA was also not affected by the Mn treatment. The activity of ionically wall-bound peroxidase (IPO) increased in the presence of excess Mn, unlike the content of lignin. Conversely, the activities of soluble PO and covalently wall-bound PO decreased with excess Mn. These findings suggested that IPO might contribute to Mn tolerance in tea cells. However, its role in the mechanism(s) of Mn tolerance has not been elucidated.     

Oxidative stress drives divergent evolution of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) gene family in mammals

The molecular basis for adaptations to extreme environments can now be understood by interrogating the ever-increasing number of sequenced genomes. Mammals such as cetaceans, bats, and highland species can protect themselves from oxidative stress, a disruption in the balance of reactive oxygen species, which results in oxidative injury and cell damage. Here, we consider the evolution of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) family of antioxidant enzymes by interrogating publicly available genome data from 70 mammalian species from all major clades. We identified 8 GPX subclasses ubiquitous to all mammalian groups. Mammalian GPX gene families resolved into the GPX4/7/8 and GPX1/2/3/5/6 groups and are characterized by several instances of gene duplication and loss, indicating a dynamic process of gene birth and death in mammals. Seven of the eight GPX subfamilies (all but GPX7) were under positive selection, with the residues under selection located at or close to active sites or at the dimer interface. We also reveal evidence of a correlation between ecological niches (e.g. high oxidative stress) and the divergent selection and gene copy number of GPX subclasses. Notably, a convergent expansion of GPX1 was observed in several independent lineages of mammals under oxidative stress and may be important for avoiding oxidative damage. Collectively, this study suggests that the GPX gene family has shaped the adaption of mammals to stressful environments.     

不同水分,温度条件下CO2浓度对大米品质的影响

试验选用当年新收获的稻谷加工成的水分为１３．９％、１４．７％和１６．０％的大米，在２３℃和３３℃的恒温室中，将７种不同浓度的ＣＯ２经减压调湿后通入粮堆。定期取样，测定大米的脂肪酸、水溶酸、还原糖、非还原糖、粘度和过氧化物酶活性的变化。试验结果表明：１３．９％水分的大米在２３℃下储藏，各种浓度ＣＯ２对大部分品质指标影响不显著，ＣＯ２的保质作用不明显；１４．７％水分的大米在２３℃储藏，ＣＯ２对个别品质     

“葫芦克星”对恶性杂草水葫芦的几个生理指标的影响

采用盆栽试验方法,研究了“葫芦克星”对水葫芦几个生理指标的影响,探讨“葫芦克星”控制恶性杂草水葫芦的机制。研究结果表明,喷施“葫芦克星”后,水葫芦叶片的过氧化物酶（POD）活性、多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性和丙二醛（MDA）含量与水葫芦的胁迫反应是相关的。喷药后,水葫芦叶片POD活性一直处于下降趋势且比清水对照POD活性低,而PPO活性和MDA含量则是先上升后下降且比清水对照高。     

酵母硒抗氧化作用及其对肥育猪肉品质影响的研究进展

猪肉消费在我国居民的肉类消费中占主导地位,随着生活水平的提高,消费者对猪肉品质提出更高的要求。研究发现,猪肉品质受遗传、营养、饲养管理和环境等因素影响,常用肉色、pH值、肌内脂肪、滴水损失、嫩度和风味等指标表示。氧化应激是影响猪肉品质的主要因素。硒是谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的重要组成部分,可以通过催化减少有机氢过氧化物生成量而抵抗氧化应激。许多研究表明,在肥育猪日粮中添加酵母硒能有效改善肥育猪肉的抗氧化能力,改善肥育猪的肉色、pH值及系水力等指标,提高肥育猪的肉品质,延长了猪肉货架期。因此综述了酵母硒的抗氧化机理以及对肥育猪肉品质指标的影响,以期为改善肉质的营养措施提供科学依据。     

植物谷胱甘肽应答非生物胁迫的分子机制

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种普遍存在于植物中的抗氧化剂,在维持组织抗氧化防御和调节氧化还原敏感信号转导中起着关键作用。深入研究GSH在非生物胁迫中的作用,对从分子水平揭示植物GSH积累的调控机制具有重要意义。本研究从植物GSH代谢途径及其相关酶、GSH在植物应激反应中的调节、GSH参与植物激素代谢等方面进行综述,并对谷胱甘肽在植物生长发育、与其它信号通路间交互作用的研究前景进行展望,以期为植物谷胱甘肽代谢以及其在非生物胁迫方面的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

高场强超声波对芒果多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶钝化效果的研究

以芒果中多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)为研究对象,探讨加热与超声波作用对多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶钝化效果的影响。结果表明:单独的加热(≤50℃)或0℃低温超声波(403.19、601.25、799.31 W/cm2)处理酶液,随着时间的延长,酶活性逐渐下降,但酶残留活性均在75%以上;而超声波与热处理结合能使POD和PPO显著失活,在45℃,799.31 W/cm2条件下处理15 min后,PPO、POD残余酶活力分别降至38.66%、14.43%。试验结果表明:超声波和热处理结合对芒果PPO和POD的钝化有协同效应。     

低氧胁迫对河川沙塘鳢抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性的影响

研究了在急性低氧1.5 h、5 h和慢性低氧3 d下,河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)5种组织(心、脑、肝、鳃和肾)的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPX)3种抗氧化酶和ATP酶活性的变化规律。结果显示:在急性低氧暴露1.5 h时,河川沙塘鳢SOD和GPX的活力在各组织中与对照组相比均无显著差异,CAT活力在心、鳃和肝3种组织呈现显著升高(P0.05),ATP酶活力在心和肝组织极显著升高(P0.01);在急性低氧暴露5 h时,除肝组织SOD酶活性显著降低外(P0.05),其它4种组织的CAT、GPX和ATP酶均不同程度显著升高(P0.05);在慢性低氧处理3 d时,心、脑组织的抗氧化酶已基本恢复至与对照组无显著差异的水平,但鳃、肝和肾中酶活力仍较高(P0.05)。研究表明,河川沙塘鳢能通过自身调节抗氧化酶及ATP酶活性,改变代谢底物,提高机体适应低氧环境的能力。     

高温胁迫对棘胸蛙蝌蚪抗氧化酶活力的影响

实验利用水温从18~30℃骤升和缓升两种模式,高温胁迫处理棘胸蛙(Quasipaa spinosa)蝌蚪后,提取其尾部肌肉和内脏团的组织液,进行乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等酶活力和丙二醛(MDA)含量测定。结果表明,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉提取液的LDH活力显著高于内脏团(P0.01);高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团提取液的LDH活力显著提高(P0.01)。高温胁迫下棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团的GSH-Px活力均显著降低(P0.01,P0.05),且水温骤升模式下的内脏团GSH-Px活力显著高于缓升模式(P0.01)。在30℃高温胁迫时,棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均显著降低(P0.05,P0.01),且水温骤升模式的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团SOD活力均高于缓升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。高温胁迫下CAT活力均显著下降(P0.01),且缓升模式下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪CAT活力显著高于骤升模式(P0.05,P0.01)。在两种升温模式下,高温胁迫对尾部肌肉的AKP活力均无显著影响;而在骤升模式下,高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的AKP活力显著提高(P0.05)。高温胁迫下的棘胸蛙蝌蚪尾部肌肉和内脏团MDA含量均显著升高(P0.01),骤升模式下高温胁迫的棘胸蛙蝌蚪内脏团的MDA含量显著高于尾部肌肉(P0.01)。