肉鸡大肠杆菌的分离鉴定

从豫、鲁、冀接壤地区部分肉鸡场送检的病料中分离出49株大肠杆菌,确定42株菌分属11个血清型,其中02、078、01、074、011为主要血清型,分别占分离株的26.2%,19.0%,11.9%,9.5%和9.5%,表明该地区血清型复杂.药敏试验表明,所分离的49株大肠杆菌对丁胺卡那霉素、氟本尼考、头孢噻呋最敏感,高敏菌株达94%～100%,可作为防治肉鸡大肠杆菌病的首选药物.     

Selenium and vitamin E increases polymorphonuclear cell phagocytosis and antioxidant levels during acute mastitis in riverine buffaloes

Antioxidant, antiinflammatory and phagocytic activities were studied in milk polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) isolated from healthy buffaloes (group I) and during clinical mastitis with the treatment of Enrofloxacin alone (group II) and combined treatment with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus selenium (group III). On days 0,3, 8 and 15 the milk Somatic cell count (SCC) were significantly higher in mastitic milk than in milk obtained from healthy buffaloes. In group II SCC decreased significantly on day 3 and day 8, however in group III reduction in SCC was observed on day 3, day 8 and day 15 (P < 0.05). The antiinflammatory activity was evaluated by determining nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) production in the milk PMNs before treatment and on day 8. NOx activity was significantly higher in mastitic milk than from healthy controls, both before and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II and group III the activity decreased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was estimated in the milk polymorphonuclear cell (PMNs) supernatant. GSH-Px activity was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes than in healthy controls, both before and after treatment (P < 0.05). In group II levels did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III levels had increased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The phagocytic activity (PA) (percentage of neutrophil that had phagocytosed 1–6 bacteria) and phagocytic index (PI) (average number of bacteria/ leukocytes counted in 100 cells) of the milk PMNs was significantly lower in mastitic buffaloes (P < 0.05). In group II the PA and PI did not change in response to treatment, whereas in group III both the parameters had increased significantly on day 8 (P < 0.05). The results of the present experiment indicated enhancement of antioxidative and cellular defense and reduction of somatic cell count in the mastitic animals treated with Enrofloxacin and Vitamin E plus Selenium as compared to the Enrofloxacin treatment alone. Hence Vitamin E plus selenium therapy may be added along with the antibiotics for effective amelioration of intramammary infection in buffaloes.     

家蚕转录因子AP-4基因cDNA的分子克隆与生物信息学分析

AP-4(activator protein 4)是一种转录因子,在生物的生长发育中有重要作用。根据家蚕表达序列标签(EST)并利用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)方法克隆了家蚕AP-4(Bombyx mori activator protein4)基因,结合生物信息学方法对所获的序列进行开放阅读框、序列同源性分析,预测了AP-4蛋白的理化性质。获得的家蚕AP-4基因cDNA的全长为1621bp,其开放阅读框为996bp,编码331个氨基酸,基因由3个外显子和2个内含子组成。同源性比对表明该基因推导的氨基酸序列与棉铃虫AP-4和谷蛀虫AP-4推测的蛋白同源性分别为76%和54%,第45-99位氨基酸序列是一个典型的保守结构域。实时定量RT-PCR显示该基因在所检测家蚕的各发育时期中,除幼虫1龄和蛹期第4天无表达外,其它时期均有表达,其中幼虫3龄和4龄期的表达量较高。     

黑皮质素4型受体在绵羊下丘脑区域的定位

黑皮质素4型受体(melanocortin 4 receptor,MC4R)作为下丘脑参与能量调控过程中的关键性受体,在动物能量代谢调节中被广泛关注。目前,关于该受体在绵羊下丘脑中分布区域的相关报道较少。针对试验过程中MC4R免疫荧光结果不稳定,分布区域不明显的特点,本研究在改进现有MC4R免疫荧光试验方法基础上,对MC4R在绵羊下丘脑的分布区域进行了观察。结果显示,分别经过4%多聚甲醛长时间固定(6 d),Triton X-100(pH≈8.68)长时间通透(2 d),以及3%过氧化氢和0.2 mol/L甘氨酸+0.3%SDS+20%甲醇的预处理后,可以获得稳定且饱满的MC4R免疫荧光结果。MC4R主要分布在绵羊下丘脑的室旁核(arcuate nucleus,ARC)区域,但在弓状核区域并无类似分布。     

毛皮动物源大肠杆菌毒力和耐药基因检测及药物敏感性分析

为了解秦皇岛昌黎地区毛皮动物大肠杆菌毒力基因和耐药基因的分布及药物敏感性情况,以60只临床患病毛皮动物为试验菌株的分离宿主,采用常规分离纯化、生化鉴定以及分子生物学的方法对病原菌进行鉴定,动物致病性试验检测其致病性,PCR方法检测毒力基因和耐药基因,K-B法对常用西药进行药物敏感性检测,琼脂平板打孔法对中草药药物敏感性进行检测,试管二倍稀释法检测中草药的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果显示:此次分离到的28株大肠杆菌均使小鼠发病死亡;其中,24株大肠杆菌检测到irp2、fyuA毒力基因,检出率为85.7%;5株大肠杆菌临床分离菌株检出Ler、eaeA毒力基因,检出率为17.9%;耐药基因blaTEM、aadA1、blaCTX-M、blaTEM1、blaSHV-1、strA-strB、blaPSE1和blaOXA1的检出率分别为85.7%,89.3%,75.0%,71.4%,25.0%,24.1%,14.3%,14.3%;西药药敏试验结果显示,28株菌对链霉素、头孢拉定、多西环素、复方新诺明、林可霉素、替米考星、青霉素同时耐药;中草药药敏试验结果显示,诃子、乌梅、五味子对这28株大肠杆菌均具有较好的体外抑菌效果,抑菌圈直径为18～31 mm,MIC和MBC为15.63～500.00 g/L。     

云南省昆明市动物园大肠杆菌分离株毒力基因分布特征

为研究云南省昆明市动物园动物体内大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株毒力基因的分布特征,从圆通山动物园37个动物种群粪便中分离出37株E.coli,采用生化鉴定方法鉴定大肠杆菌,PCR方法检测19种毒力基因。鉴定结果表明:37株E.coli中,ompA、iroN、fimC、aatA、vat 5种毒力基因携带率分别为100%、95.49%、83.78%、70.27%、51.35%,ibeA、neuC、iutA、traT、stx 5种毒力基因携带率为0,其他9种毒力基因携带率均低于40.00%;分离菌株普遍携带8种以下毒力基因,同时携带10种以上毒力基因的概率为8.10%;分离株强毒力岛基因携带率较高,分布较为普遍。结果表明,昆明市圆通山动物园内流行的大肠杆菌以致病性大肠杆菌为主,不同种类动物体内大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带率存在较大差异,其原因可能与动物的饲养环境以及动物自身的适应能力和抵抗力有关。因此,对于动物园内具有较高大肠杆菌致病风险的动物,要采取相应防治措施,防止大肠杆菌病发生与流行。     

Plant Species Composition and Forage Production 14 Yr After Biosolids Application and Grazing Exclusion

This paper examines the effects of a single surface application of biosolids (at 20 dry Mg ha^{? 1}) on plant species composition, forage quality and quantity, and C stocks after 14 yr of rest in rangelands of the Central Interior of British Columbia. More than two times the aboveground biomass of grasses and the percent cover of plant litter were found in the biosolids treatment relative to the control, along with reductions in bare soil and microbiotic crust cover. Significantly greater plant uptake of all macronutrients (C, N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg); most micronutrients (B, Cu, Mn, Mo, and Zn); and Al occurred in the biosolids treatment. P and Cu were the only two nutrients to be more concentrated in the biosolids-treated forage relative to the control forage, while N, Mg, and protein were more concentrated in the control forage. No significant difference in forage digestibility was found between biosolids and control treatments. Bluebunch wheatgrass, the late-seral native grass species, had significantly increased cover and aboveground biomass in the biosolids treatment relative to the control; however, between 2006 and 2016, non-native Kentucky bluegrass had reached > 25% cover in the biosolids plots, perhaps restricting the full recovery of bluebunch wheatgrass. Our findings indicate that biosolids application to ungrazed rangeland can increase long-term forage production and reduce bare soil. However, at our study site biosolids application also led to a long-term shift in the plant community composition away from the late-seral (i.e., bluebunch wheatgrass) trajectory, and the effects of this shift on rangeland health and productivity require further investigation.     

茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇检测方法的建立

通过检测茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,并建立茶树精油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的气相色谱检测方法,为茶树精油新制剂的质量标准研究提供理论依据。采用水蒸气蒸馏法先将茶树精油兽用消毒剂中的茶树精油提取出来,再用GC法测定提取的挥发油中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量。茶树精油兽用消毒剂不同批次中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇含量保持稳定;1,8-桉叶素在0.013mg/mL～0.41 mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 98),松油烯-4-醇在0.175 mg/mL～5.575mg/mL之间具有良好的线性关系(r=0.999 93),1,8-桉叶素的平均加样回收率为99.19%,RSD为1.89%(n=6),松油烯-4-醇的平均加样回收率为102.58%,RSD为1.45%(n=6)。该方法能够简便、准确、快速的测定茶树精油兽用消毒剂中1,8-桉叶素和松油烯-4-醇的含量,可为茶树精油兽用消毒剂的质量评价提供依据。     

表达Ⅰ型耐热肠毒素的重组大肠杆菌诱发仔猪小肠炎症的分子机制研究

本试验旨在研究表达Ⅰ型耐热肠毒素(STa)的重组大肠杆菌诱发7日龄仔猪小肠炎症反应。选取24头7日龄健康仔猪,随机分为4个处理组:对照组(人工乳)、STa组(人工乳+2×10~9 CFU重组菌LMG194-pBAD-STa)、LMG194组(人工乳+2×10~9 CFU大肠杆菌LMG194)和K88组(人工乳+2×10~9 CFU大肠杆菌K88),每组6头。试验第5天进行攻毒,第7天屠宰取样,观察空肠组织形态学变化,并检测血清中炎性细胞因子含量及空肠免疫相关基因的相对表达量。结果显示,与对照组相比,STa与K88组仔猪空肠绒毛明显萎缩变短,有明显损伤甚至脱落;STa、LMG194及K88组血清中IL-10、IL-8和IL-6浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),LMG194和K88组血液和肠道iFABP浓度均显著降低(P<0.05),STa和K88组血清中TNF-α浓度显著降低、NF-κB浓度显著升高,LMG194组NF-κB浓度显著降低、TNF-α浓度显著升高(P<0.05);STa和LMG194组CCL2和CXCL9基因表达水平显著上调(P<0.05),VNN1基因表达水平显著下调(P<0.05),STa和LMG194组IFN-γ组基因水平分别显著上升和下降(P<0.05);K88组CXCL9和IFN-γ基因表达水平显著下调(P<0.05),VNN1基因表达水平显著上调(P>0.05),CCL2基因表达水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。以上结果表明,表达Ⅰ型耐热肠毒素STa的重组大肠杆菌几乎具有与K88一样的毒性,可导致7日龄仔猪小肠黏膜受损,诱发严重的炎症反应,导致仔猪腹泻,可作为仔猪腹泻模型的候选菌株。