中油821接种菌核病菌丝体后的生化反应

以油菜第3片真叶人工接种菌核病菌丝体，研究中油821抗（耐）菌核病与植株叶片硫甙含量、POX活性的关系。结果显示，第3叶片接种区域的各种硫甙含量增加，以吲哚族硫甙表现突出，接种后7d吲哚族硫甙含量达1158nmol/ml，比不接种对照增加70倍，第3叶片非接种区域的吲哚族硫甙含量比不接种对照增加7－30倍，第5、6叶片及第3叶叶柄也表现接种后嘴哚族硫甙增加。所有接种材料均在第3d产生了芳香族硫甙，接种叶POX活性表现持续上升。     

Effects of the Glucosinolate Sinigrin in Combination With a Noniodine Supplemented Diet on Serum Iodine and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in Nonpregnant Mares

Exposure to plants containing glucosinolates (GSLs) affects thyroid function in many species, in horses is implicated in the birth of foals with congenital hypothyroidism. The present study was performed to determine the effect of feeding a GSL (sinigrin) in combination with a low-iodine diet for 12 weeks on thyroid hormones and serum iodine concentrations in nonpregnant mares. Nineteen mares aged 2–14 years were divided into control (n = 6), low (20 mmol/day) (n = 7) and high GSL (35 mmol/day) (n = 6) groups. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation tests and serum iodine measurements were performed at 0 and 12 weeks. Total triiodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations were measured at the baseline and in post-TRH samples. The post-TRH value minus the basal value (Delta Δ) and fold change (FC) were calculated for TSH, TT3, and TT4. Data were analyzed at P < .05. Highlights included Delta Δ and FC TT4 and TT3 concentrations having a group and week interaction (P < .001) with week 12 control mares having higher values than mares in week 12 low and high GSL groups. TT4 FC values had a group (P < .001) and group by week interaction (P < .001) with week 12 control concentrations higher (P < .006) than all groups. Iodine concentrations decreased (P < .002) over time in GSL mares. In conclusion, feeding mares a low-iodine diet with 20 and 35 mmol sinigrin/day resulted in lower serum iodine concentrations.     

甘蓝型油菜硫苷组分的胚、细胞质和母体遗传效应分析

利用甘蓝型油菜4个显性纯合两用系与7个恢复系配制不完全双列杂交组合，采用广义种子遗传模型分析甘蓝型油菜硫苷组分的胚、细胞质和母体植株3套遗传体系的基因主效应和基因型×环境效应。结果表明硫苷组分性状受制于基因主效应，基因型×环境互作效应作用较小。2-羟-3-丁烯基、3-丁烯基以胚主效应为主，分别占75.21%和58.25%。4-羟-3-吲哚甲基、苯乙基以细胞质效应为主，分别占74.19%和69.54%。4-戊烯基由胚主效应和细胞质效应共同控制，分别占50.29%和38.12%。在基因型×环境互作方差中，4-羟-3-吲哚甲基仅受制于细胞质互作效应，其余硫苷组分均以显著的胚互作效应和细胞质互作效应为主。5个硫苷组分均以普通狭义遗传率为主，互作狭义遗传率较低。在普通狭义遗传率中，2-羟-3-丁烯基、3-丁烯基以胚遗传率为主，分别为71.61%和53.76%。4-羟-3-吲哚甲基和苯乙基以细胞质遗传率为主，分别为68.21%和68.47%。4-戊烯基以胚遗传率和细胞质遗传率为主，分别为47.81%和36.24%。在互作狭义遗传率中，5个硫苷组分以细胞质互作遗传率为主，均达到了显著水平。亲本遗传效应值预测表明，选用D3AB、D21R作为硫苷品质改良亲本有利于降低杂种后代油菜籽中2-羟-3-丁烯基和3-丁烯基的含量。     

NaCl胁迫对拟南芥莲座叶中芥子油苷含量的影响

分析了4种不同浓度NaCl胁迫条件下拟南芥莲座叶中12种芥子油苷(包括8种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷)的含量变化。结果表明,莲座叶中12种芥子油苷含量不同,其中脂肪族的4-甲基亚磺酰丁基芥子油苷(4MSOB)的含量最高,占总芥子油苷含量的45%。NaCl胁迫显著提高了拟南芥莲座叶中总芥子油苷和多数种类芥子油苷的含量,并且50 mmo.lL-1NaCl处理后莲座叶中总芥子油苷含量最高,是对照的1.8倍。不同种类芥子油苷的含量响应NaCl胁迫的变化存在差异。     

Vegetable oil formulation as biopesticide to control California red scale (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Aonidiella aurantii</Emphasis> Maskell)

During laboratory tests, mineral oil in water emulsion (2%), containing Brassicaceae seed meals (2 g l⁻¹), induced total mortality (100%) among adult female California red scales on detached orange fruits, whereas only 47.5% of insect mortality was observed with the same mineral oil when used alone. These results were partially confirmed by two preliminary field trials. With the aim of improving biodegradability and the environmental impact of the insecticidal formulation, mineral oil was replaced by a vegetable oil without observing any significant variation of the product’s efficacy. In addition, a clear “dose-effect” of meal in mineral and vegetable oil was also demonstrated. The formulation, essentially based on oil, meals and some minor additives, shows the following advantages: (1) high insecticidal activity against an insect pest difficult to control such as Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell); (2) simultaneous control of several pathogens seems to be possible; (3) non-appearance of resistance phenomena in plant pathogens; and finally, (5) absence of phytotoxicity.     

甘蓝型油菜不同硫苷含量品系 辐射敏感性差异

选择硫苷性状差异较大,而其它品质性状和农艺性状相近的油菜品系967H和967L为材料,探讨了甘蓝型油菜对辐射的敏感性与硫苷含量的关系。结果显示,低硫苷品系比高硫苷品系对辐射敏感。967H的800Gy、1000Gy和1200Gy辐射处理发芽率均极显著高于967L;967H的这三种辐射剂量处理成苗率比967L分别高9.8%、19.8％和20.1％。相同剂量的辐射处理对967L的M1和M2代植株农艺性状的影响显著大于967H,对967L主要农艺性状产生显著影响的辐射剂量为800Gy以上,而对967H主要农艺性状产生显著影响的辐射剂量为1000Gy以上。967L辐射处理M2代植株品质指标变化幅度和突变株发生频率均大于967H。     

甘蓝型油菜硫苷含量性状的SSR连锁标记

以硫苷性状差异很大而其它品质性状和农艺性状相近的油菜品系967H和967L及其F1、F2植株为材料,通过建立高硫苷和低硫苷亲本基因池来筛选表现差异的SSR引物,利用差异SSR引物对F2代植株硫苷含量性状进行标记分析,确定其与硫苷性状相连锁的关系。结果表明,SSR引物CB10364与硫苷性状连锁,连锁相关性达极显著水平（F=46.32,p〈0.001）;单因素方差分析表明,标记CB10364对低硫苷性状的贡献率为34.36%。     

Growing Brassica juncea as a cover crop, then incorporating its residues provide complementary control of Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet

Biofumigation is increasingly viewed as a potentially useful technique for controlling soil-borne crop pathogens, but its efficacy has not systematically been demonstrated at field scale. We investigated the differences in efficacy observed in the field, by analysing the mechanisms by which a Brassica cover crop can act as a biofumigant crop in the prevention of soil-borne disease development. We hypothesised that the biofumigant crop might have a negative effect on soil-borne pathogens whilst growing, and that the pulverisation of this crop and the incorporation of its residues into the soil may enhance this effect. We tested this hypothesis by carrying out three field experiments in 2006, 2007 and 2008 in which Brassica juncea (brown mustard) was managed in different ways within a sugar beet–winter wheat rotation and analysing effects on sugar beet root rot caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Three treatments were studied: mustard pulled out at flowering (MP), mustard crushed at flowering and incorporated into the soil (MC) and bare soil (BS) as a control. We assessed the effect of each treatment on root rot incidence and severity at harvest. Over the 3 years of the experiment, disease incidence was significantly higher on BS plots than on the other plots and was significantly higher on MP plots than on MC plots. MC treatment gave a significantly lower mean conditional severity (severity calculated for diseased beets only) than the BS and MP treatments. Mustard residue incorporation was consistently effective at decreasing disease incidence from year to year (43, 44 and 47% efficacy, as determined by comparison with the disease incidence on BS plots, in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively), but the efficacy of growing mustard was variable (36, 16 and 39% efficacy in 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively). These findings provide insight into the mechanisms by which biofumigant crops may affect soil-borne diseases. These findings have implications for the possible use of biofumigant crops as a biological method for controlling soil-borne diseases at the field scale.     

硼、氮、钾营养水平对油菜吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响

 本文研究了硼、氮、钾施用水平对不同品种油菜（Brassica napus L.）吸收硼、籽粒品质及产量的影响。试验证明：⑴B、N、K不同营养水平显著影响51双低、84-1低硫、浙引84-7双低油菜及九二-13系常规油菜对硼的吸收，在土壤缺硼或低氮施硼条件下，钾抑制硼的吸收，但在高氮施硼条件下，叶片含硼量随钾肥用量的增加而增加。⑵油菜叶片是施用硼肥反应的敏感部位、油菜籽粒产量与土壤水溶性硼及叶片含硼量均有密切相关，但后者比前者相关性更显著，r=0.8779，显著性达1%。⑶施硼并提高N、K水平对油菜的生长、CO#-2同化率、硝酸还原酶活性（NRA）及干物质积累有明显的促进作用。⑷甘蓝型油菜不同品系的硫甙、芥酸含量差异很大，其含量随硼、钾施用水平的提高有降低的趋势，油脂含量却有相应的增加；但氮肥的作用相反。⑸硼、氮、钾三者协调施用对油菜籽粒产量有明显的增产效果，田间试验证明，在等氮、磷条件下，以K#-（3）B#-2配合处理产量最高，K#-（2）B#-1、K#-（2）B# -2处理的产量居次，经LSR统计分析与其它处理比较达5%显著性差异。     

傅里叶变换近红外光谱技术测定完整油菜籽中芥酸和硫甙含量

利用傅里叶变换漫反射近红外光谱技术和大量代表性油菜籽标准样品建立完整油菜籽中芥酸、硫甙测定模型,内部交叉法和外部检验集样品对模型验证结果表明:芥酸、硫甙模型复相关系数分别为0.9618和0.9785,内部验证均方差(RMSECV)分别为1.97和5.16.用所建模型对油菜籽样品芥酸、硫甙测定结果与国家和国际标准方法测定结果基本一致,建立的近红外分析模型能够满足油菜育种中对初级世代材料芥酸、硫甙含量的快速测定筛选要求.