甘蓝型油菜叶片硫甙含量的杂种优势研究

用高效液相色谱法测定了甘蓝型油菜品种及杂交后代叶片的硫甙含量及组份，研究了两个低硫杂交组合不同时期油菜叶片硫甙总量及组份的杂种优势，进行了油菜叶片硫甙组份相关性分析，结果表明：普通油菜中油821叶片硫甙苗期含量最高，达33.15μmol/g，随后持续下降；而低硫油菜品系从越冬到现蕾逐渐升高，薹期降低，初花期又升高，盛花时降到最低；6098/1008和6098/M1两个杂交组合在薹期和花期叶片硫甙含量表现较高的负向优势，硫甙含量显著下降；两个杂交组合叶片硫苷组份中2-羟-3-丁烯、4-甲亚砜丁基、5-甲亚砜戊基、3-丁烯基、4-戊烯基等脂肪族硫苷均表现出负向优势，而芳香族硫甙和吲哚类硫甙在不同组合中优势表现不同，在6098/1008组合中仅3-吲哚甲基硫甙表现为负向优势，其他成分均表现为正向优势，在6098/M1组合中所有芳香族硫甙和吲哚类硫甙成分均表现为负向优势。     

Non-pathogenic Fusarium strains protect the seedlings of Lepidium sativum from Pythium ultimum

Two root-colonizing Fusarium strains, Ls-F-in-4-1 and Rs-F-in-11, isolated from roots of Brassicaceae plants, induced the resistance in Lepidium sativum seedlings against Pythium ultimum. These strains caused an increase in the content of benzyl isothiocyanate, and of its precursor glucotropaeolin, in the roots of the host plants. The increased isothiocyanate content is one of the factors contributing to the resistance of L. sativum against P. ultimum. To be transformed into the fungitoxic compound benzyl isothiocyanate, glucotropaeolin has to be hydrolyzed by myrosinase, which can be produced either by plants or microorganisms. The Fusarium strain Ls-F-in-4-1 has a myrosinase activity but the strain Rs-F-in-11 has not. These results suggest that both strains are able to trigger the metabolic pathway leading to benzyl isothiocyanate production in the plant. In the case of the myrosinase-negative strain Rs-F-in-11, hydrolyzation into isothiocyanate is only due to the myrosinase activity of the plant, and in the other case, the myrosinase produced by the strain Ls-F-in-11 also would contribute to the production of isothiocyanate. This paper reports a new mode of action of non-pathogenic Fusarium strains in controlling P. ultimum.     

大白菜BrAOP2 基因的遗传多样性及其与硫甙含量的相关性分析

以大白菜品种Chiifu 为试验材料, 采用RT-PCR 技术, 克隆了3 个硫甙合成关键基因
BrAOP2 基因的cDNA 序列（BrAOP2.1、BrAOP2.2、BrAOP2.3）。通过氨基酸同源性比对分析,BrAOP2.1
与BrAOP2.2 的同源性为78%,BrAOP2.1 与BrAOP2.3 的同源性为74%,BrAOP2.2 与BrAOP2.3 的同源
性为81%。通过32 份大白菜重测序数据分析了3 个BrAOP2 基因CDS 序列的遗传多样性,并对其与硫甙
含量的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：在32 份大白菜中共检测到7 种硫甙,其中4-戊烯基硫甙（GBN）
含量和2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫甙（PRO）含量较高,分别占总硫甙含量的23.99% 和23.16%。在BrAOP2.1
基因编码区检测到5 个变异位点,在BrAOP2.2 基因编码区检测到7 个变异位点,在BrAOP2.3 基因编码
区仅检测到1 个变异位点。其中BrAOP2.1 基因的A1051G 变异位点与PRO 含量极显著相关,BrAOP2.2
基因的A560G、C753T、A790G 和T927C 变异位点与PRO 含量显著相关,BrAOP2.2 基因的G825A 位点
与4-羟基-3-吲哚基甲基硫甙（4OH）含量显著相关。     

贵州白菜型油菜地方品种资源硫甙含量的分析研究

测试分析结果,贵州近年来征集的白菜型油菜地方品种资源硫甙含量偏高.硫甙含量与海拔高度弱度正相关,与生态条件关系密切,特别是与日照和温度的关系较大.日照多或温度高,则硫甙含量较高.     

Nematode suppression with brassicaceous amendments: application based upon glucosinolate profiles

Glucosinolate profiles differ among plant species and their isothiocyanate (ITC) derivatives differ in toxicity to nematodes. Successful management of plant-parasitic nematodes by ITCs requires the incorporation of appropriate amounts of glucosinolate-containing biomass. Plant materials, containing glucosinolate-precursors of the ITCs most toxic to nematodes, were selected and applied to soil based upon ITC lethal concentration (LC) values. This provided a reliable and repeatable basis for application rates for suppression of Meloidogyne javanica and Tylenchulus semipenetrans by Brassica hirta and M. javanica by B. juncea. Sufficient biomass of B. hirta to potentially yield 0.03-0.12 μmol ml⁻¹ of glucotropeolin reduced nematode survival compared to similar amounts of broccoli (Brassica oleraceae var. botrytis). At biomass levels providing >0.37 μmol ml⁻¹ of glucotropeolin, mortality of M. javanica was 100% with B. hirta. Biomass of B. juncea potentially yielding 2.82 μmol ml⁻¹ of sinigrin reduced M. javanica survival 65% below that obtained by a similar amount of broccoli. Rates of B. juncea to yield lethal levels of allyl ITC to reduce T. semipenetrans survival underestimated the glucosinolate application rates for this amendment. Application of plant biomass to soil >2.9% w/w reduced M. javanica survival regardless of the glucosinolate concentration of the amendment material. Application of brassicaceous amendments to soil initiates complex and dynamic biological and chemical processes. Despite the inherent complexity, we find that brassicaceous amendments can be applied to achieve consistent and repeatable nematode suppression when based upon the chemistry of the incorporated material.     

芥子油苷对豌豆蚜生长、存活及保护酶的影响

为了明确芥子油苷对2种色型豌豆蚜生长、存活及体内保护酶的影响.本研究采用豌豆蚜(Acyrthosiphon pisum)全纯人工饲料薄膜饲养技术,通过添加不同浓度(CK:0 μmol·g-1;A1:0.94 μmol·g-1;A2:1.87 μmol·g-1;A3:2.86 μmol·g-1)的芥子油苷,测定了豌豆蚜的...     

新疆芜菁硫甙葡萄糖苷的组分鉴定与分析

以新疆芜菁(Brassica rapaspp.rapa)为研究对象,利用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)技术,对新疆芜菁营养生长期(肉质根生长)不同发育阶段(前期、盛期、成熟期)、不同生长部位(根、茎、叶)中硫甙葡萄糖苷质量分数进行分析鉴定。结果表明,营养生长期不同发育阶段、不同生长部位含有7种脂肪族硫苷、1种芳香族硫苷和4种吲哚族硫苷共12种硫苷,具有一定的差异。7种脂肪族硫苷分别为2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷、4-甲亚砜丁基硫苷、2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫苷、5-甲亚砜戊基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷、4-戊烯基硫苷、4-甲硫丁基硫苷;1种芳香族硫苷为苯乙基硫苷;4种吲哚族硫苷为4-羟基-3-吲哚甲基硫苷、3-吲哚甲基硫苷、4-甲氧-3-吲哚甲基硫苷、1-甲氧-3-吲哚甲基硫苷。其中,2-羟基-4-戊烯基硫苷与5-甲亚砜戊基硫苷在新疆芜菁根部未检测出,在肉质根生长前期,根、茎、叶部位未检测出。根、茎、叶中脂肪族硫苷质量分数在总硫苷中所占比例较大,根部主要硫苷成分有4-甲硫丁基硫苷、苯乙基硫苷、3-丁烯基硫苷,茎部主要硫苷成分有3-丁烯基硫苷、4-甲硫丁基硫苷、1-甲氧-3-吲哚甲基硫苷,叶部主要硫苷成分有3-丁烯基硫苷、2-羟基-3-丁烯基硫苷、4-戊稀基硫苷。     

乌塌菜与薹菜变种间杂交后代硫代葡萄糖苷组分及含量分析

以乌塌菜品种上海小八叶、薹菜品种平度薹菜及变种间杂交后代6-1和6-5为试材,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析叶片及叶柄中硫代葡萄糖苷的组分与含量,以期了解不结球白菜变种间杂交后代的硫苷变化。结果表明:4份材料的叶片、叶柄中均检测到组分相同的脂肪族硫苷、吲哚族硫苷各4种,而芳香族硫苷只在变种间杂交后代6-1的叶片和叶柄中检测到;参试各材料叶片中总脂肪族硫苷含量、总吲哚族硫苷含量和总硫苷含量均高于叶柄。变种间杂交后代6-1叶片、叶柄中有益人体健康的2-苯乙基硫苷(NAS)和吲哚-3-甲基硫苷(GBC)含量均高于亲本上海小八叶和平度薹菜,表明变种间杂交可以用于改良不结球白菜硫苷组分及含量。     

蔬菜作物芥子油苷含量与种类的基因型差异及其农艺调控

芥子油苷是一类含氮、含硫的植物次生代谢产物,在植物病虫害防御方面具有十分重要的作用。由于其降解产物异硫代氰酸盐具有抗癌活性,因此增加膳食中芥子油苷的含量和种类成为近年来植物育种及营养研究的热点。芥子油苷种类十分丰富,广泛分布于16个不同科的双子叶被子植物中,以十字花科为最。文章就十字花科蔬菜中芥子油苷的基因型差异及其农艺调控技术作一综述。     

拟南芥莲座叶芥子油苷对聚乙二醇模拟干旱的响应（摘要）（英文）

[目的]研究拟南芥莲座叶芥子油苷对聚乙二醇模拟干旱的响应。[方法]以PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,设置对照组和干旱处理组分别培养拟南芥Columbia生态型种子,并在处理后的第0、4、5、6、7天分别取2组拟南芥莲座叶进行生理指标和芥子油苷含量的测定。叶片相对含水量测定采用烘干称重法（水分占叶片鲜重的百分比）;叶片相对电导率和丙二醛（MDA）浓度测定参照李合生的方法;采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用（HPLC-MS）系统进行芥子油苷的测定。[结果]干旱胁迫处理后营养生长时期的拟南芥幼苗莲座叶叶片的相对含水量下降,相对电导率（表征膜透性）及丙二醛浓度增加,受损害程度随处理时间的增加而增强。拟南芥莲座叶芥子油苷总量、脂肪族芥子油苷含量及吲哚族芥子油苷含量均在处理后第5天达到最大值,在处理后第6天迅速下降并低于对照组。各种芥子油苷含量变化存在差异,其中含量最高的4MSOB与芥子油苷总量变化趋势一致且差异显著,脂肪族芥子油苷响应干旱胁迫较吲哚族芥子油苷强烈。4MSOB等部分芥子油苷占芥子油苷总量的比例在干旱处理后发生变化并且与其本身含量变化相关。[结论]干旱胁迫确实对拟南芥莲座叶中芥子油苷总量、脂肪族芥子油苷及吲哚族芥子油苷的含量产生影响,使芥子油苷参与到植物对外界干旱胁迫的防御反应中,但长期的干旱胁迫不利于叶片中芥子油苷的积累。