猕猴桃源库关系的变化对果实特性的影响

 通过调整叶果比、环剥和应用CPPU 等处理, 研究了源库关系的变化对‘秦美’猕猴桃果实特性的影响。结果表明, 源库关系的变化对果实大小的影响大于对品质和其他特性的影响; 结果蔓上叶果比2~ 4!1 可以满足果实正常生长发育的需要; 果实库力是影响果实大小的主要因素。对果实细胞数目与果实大小、硬度与Ca 含量之间的关系进行了讨论。     

控制过量生长对板栗开花结果影响的试验研究

采用疏芽、疏雄花、环剥倒贴皮等技术措施进行对比试验,结果表明:疏芽树比不疏芽的平均每一结果母枝抽生结果枝多0.6条,每一结果枝平均混合花序增加18.1%,每一混合花序上雌花簇增加8.6%;疏雄花比不疏雄花每667?平均产量提高27.4%;环剥倒贴皮比对照第2年每一结果母枝抽生结果枝多33.0%,每一结果母枝产量提高40.0%。     

环剥(割)技术在广西钦州荔枝控梢促花中的应用调查分析

螺旋环剥是荔枝控梢促花重要技术措施,措施的应用与产地、品种、树势、气候和管理水平等密切相关,调查总结成功经验和失败教训,以供生产管理参考。     

北京地区棚栽台湾青枣丰产栽培措施研究

以北京地区大棚栽植的台湾青枣"大蜜"为材料,分别对其进行环剥、摘心、断根和施肥处理,研究了不同的栽培措施对台湾青枣生长和坐果的影响。结果表明:环剥对提高台湾青枣坐果率作用明显,其中既环剥一次枝又环剥主干的方式效果最好;台湾青枣的根系分布较浅,0～20cm深土层根系分布密集;陆续断根的方式,即第一次只断两面或一面,然后分2～3次每次切断一面的断根方式对于促进坐果的效果较优;增施N、P、K肥可显著提高坐果率,三者配比为N:P:K≈3:1:3时对坐果影响最显著。     

Branch scoring encourages fruit development and climacteric in persimmon

Branch scoring of ‘Rojo Brillante’ persimmon (Diospyros kaki) increased fruit size at harvest and caused a significant shift in the distribution of fruit diameters to the larger sizes, the response magnitude depending on the date of scoring. Scoring at the 75–77 growth stage of the BBCH-scale encouraged the development of fruit which grew faster, reached commercial colour, ripening and flesh softness earlier, and therefore was harvested earlier. Although fruit weight was significantly increased by scoring, the number of fruit was not modified and there was not a significant increase in yield. Fruit from trees scored at the onset of cell enlargement stage initiate ethylene production before fruit from unscored trees. Scoring did not modify following yield.     

Components,drivers and temporal dynamics of ecosystem respiration in a Mediterranean pine forest

To investigate the climate impacts on the different components of ecosystem respiration, we combined soil efflux data from a tree-girdling experiment with eddy covariance CO₂ fluxes in a Mediterranean maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) forest in Central Italy. 73 trees were stem girdled to stop the flux of photosynthates from the canopy to the roots, and weekly soil respiration surveys were carried out for one year. Heterotrophic respiration (R_H) was estimated from the soil CO₂ flux measured in girdled plots, and rhizosphere respiration (R_Ab) was calculated as the difference between respiration from controls (R_S) and girdled plots (R_H).Results show that the R_S dynamics were clearly driven by R_H (average R_H/R_S ratio 0.74). R_H predictably responded to environmental variables, being predominantly controlled by soil water availability during the hot and dry growing season (May–October) and by soil temperature during the wetter and colder months (November–March). High R_S and R_H peaks were recorded after rain pulses greater than 10 mm on dry soil, indicating that large soil carbon emissions were driven by the rapid microbial oxidation of labile carbon compounds. We also observed a time-lag of one week between water pulses and R_Ab peaks, which might be due to the delay in the translocation of recently assimilated photosynthates from the canopy to the root system. At the ecosystem scale, total autotrophic respiration (R_At, i.e. the sum of carbon respired by the rhizosphere and aboveground biomass) amounted to 60% of ecosystem respiration. R_At was predominantly controlled by photosynthesis, and showed high temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) only during the wet periods. Despite the fact that the study coincided with an anomalous dry year and results might therefore not represent a general pattern, these data highlight the complex climatic control of the respiratory processes responsible for ecosystem CO₂ emissions.     

柑桔成花机理的研究 Ⅱ.与核酸代谢的关系

橙树枝条环剥促成花时使总核酸及RNA保持高水平,RNA/DNA比值升高,对DNA无明显影响;喷赤霉素抑成花时总核酸及RNA保持低水平,RNA/DNA比值下降。留叶促成花与去叶抑成花相对比中,去叶抑DNA合成反使RNA/DNA比值上升,对RNA无明显影响,成花茎端组织分化明显,细胞中核酸含量比不成花茎端高;辅原套(At)和周围分生区(PZ)棱酸的活化与成花的关系最密切。     

Enhanced seed production and metabolic alterations in Larix leptolepis by girdling

The demand for Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis) seeds has increased in Korea but their supply has been limited due to sporadic natural seed production. Among the various flower induction techniques, girdling woody stems has been recognized as a simple and efficient method to enhance seed production in a number of conifers. In this study, stem girdling was applied to 42-year-old Japanese larches, resulting in remarkable enhancement of seed cone production with no morphological changes in the seed characteristics. Metabolic alterations in needles of the girdled and the control trees were interrogated by using 23 individual metabolites including soluble sugars, polyamines and amino acids. In the girdled trees, the contents of both soluble sugars and polyamines were higher from June to July and then became similar to those in the control. The levels of amino acids were significantly increased only in August by girdling compared to the non-girdled trees. In control larch trees, the dominant amino acids were changed from Glu and Ala until July to Asp and Tyr in August. Interestingly, the concentrations of Asp-derived amino acids such as Lys, Met and Thr, were increased by girdling and they also showed significant correlations with the number of seed cones per trees, suggesting that the enhanced levels of three amino acids might positively influence on the development of seed cones in girdled larch trees. Although the role of Asp-derived amino acids on enhanced seed cone production remains unclear, the approach presented in this study might provide useful information in elucidating metabolic network modulation induced by girdling and will be further applied for enhanced seed cone production in Japanese larch trees.     

主干一次和二次环剥对葡萄树体营养及其分配规律的影响

[目的]该研究旨在探讨主干一次和二次环剥对葡萄树体营养及其分配规律的影响。[方法]以“玫瑰蜜”葡萄为试材,通过对主干进行一次和二次环剥后分析对剥痕上部的叶片、枝条和剥痕下部根系的碳氮营养、矿质营养及其分配规律的影响。[结果]环剥可显著提高剥痕上部的枝叶可溶性糖和淀粉等非结构碳含量,降低可溶性蛋白质和氮素营养含量,使碳氮比显著提高,其中一次环剥后叶的碳氮比峰值为9.04,二次环剥为5.35,而同一时期对照仅为4.89。环剥不仅显著降低了根系可溶性糖和淀粉等非结构碳含量,还显著降低了可溶性蛋白质和氮素营养含量,碳氮比也有不同程度的降低,其中一次环剥后其碳氮比的最低值仅为1.16,二次环剥为3.06,而同一时期对照为3.15。对碳氮营养的影响,一次环剥显著大于二次环剥。环剥还显著降低了叶片、枝条和根系中的磷、钾、铁、铜的含量。其中二次环剥对枝条、叶片中铁、铜元素的影响较大,且第一次采样的含量差异显著,叶片中的铁含量为75.05μg/g DW,而对照为85.29μg/g DW;枝条中的铁含量为76.45μg/g DW,铜含量为7.82μg/g DW,而对照分别为95.96μg/g DW 和10.74μg/g DW。[结论]该研究为树体营养调节和保障环剥技术在“玫瑰蜜”葡萄生产中安全有效的应用奠定基础。     

提高果桑幼树期果粒单重试验

对果桑幼树结果期叶面喷施多效唑、新梢摘心、结果母枝环剥等处理,叶面喷施多效唑可抑制新梢和叶片生长,果粒变小;摘心留叶数量对果粒大小、可溶性固形物含量影响显著,留3片叶的果粒最大,可溶性固形物含量最高;结果母枝环剥可明显提高果粒重和可溶性固形物。