三丁基氯化锡对僧帽牡蛎抗氧化酶活性的影响

[目的]探讨三丁基氯化锡（TBTCl）对僧帽牡蛎抗氧化酶系统毒性的影响程度及致毒机制。[方法]在实验室条件下,研究不同浓度（1、2、5、10和100rig／L）的三丁基氯化锡（TBTC1）在不同暴露时间（24、72、96h）对僧帽牡蛎消化腺和鳃的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和硒依赖谷胱甘肽过氧化酶（Se—GPx）活性的影响。J结果]当佃TCl浓度为1和2ng／L时,在整个实验期间TBTCl对消化腺和鳃内SOD和Se—GPx活性无显著影响（P〉0．05）,而对消化腺CAT活性有显著诱导作用（P〈0．05）。当TBTcl浓度为5～100ng／L时,SOD、CAT和Se—GPx的活性都呈现不同程度的时间剂量依赖关系。[结论]该研究可为餐桌食品污染的防患、无公害水产品的生产和环境检测提供科学依据。     

Responsible antimicrobial use in critically ill adult horses

Due to increasing antimicrobial resistance, pressure on veterinarians is mounting to adhere to responsible use of antimicrobial drugs. Antimicrobials are frequently included in the treatment of systemically ill horses due to the strong likelihood of an infection and the innate difficulties in differentiating systemic inflammation secondary to noninfectious from infectious causes. In light of increasing antimicrobial drug resistance and the potential negative impact of antimicrobials on equine patients, every attempt should be made to identify noninfectious disease, choose first-line antimicrobials and discontinue treatment as soon as possible. In most cases, a short duration of antimicrobial therapy ranging from a single dose (e.g. preoperatively) to 24–72 h might be sufficient with long-term treatment being rarely required. This article aims to provide practical guidelines for antimicrobial drug usage in critically ill adult horses by describing ancillary diagnostic aids that can help establishing whether or not an infection is present, discussing commonly encountered pathogens and their typical antimicrobial drug sensitivity patterns, and providing some guidance how to safely shorten the duration of antimicrobial therapy.     

生命的磨难 灵魂的挣扎

疾病给卢照邻带来了深重的生命磨难, 他在感到空前的人生孤独和痛苦中, 发愤创作。他的病中创作表现出非同寻常的肉体与精神的痛苦, 展示了一个身染沉疴的人丰富复杂的内心世界: 绝境中无可底止的精神苦闷和强烈的痛愤, 绝望中灵魂的挣扎, 以及对社会、人生的思考, 对命运、生命的追问。他将生命的感悟有机地渗透在人生、生命、社会和历史文化的记录中, 为文学史留下了一笔宝贵的精神财富。     

“趴趴鱼”的分类学研究

通过外部形态特征观察、测量及解剖观察等方法，对“趴趴鱼”的分类学地位进行了研究，为其开发和利用奠定基础。     

Measurement of free thyroxine concentration in horses by equilibrium dialysis

The purpose of the study reported here was to validate measurement of free thyroxine (fT4) concentration in equine serum by equilibrium dialysis (fT4D), and to compare values with fT4 concentration measured directly and with total T4 (TT4) concentration. The fT4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were measured over a range of values in euthyroid horses and horses made hypothyroid by administration of propylthiouracil (PTU). Concentrations of fT4D (<1.8-83 pmol/L) were consistently higher than those of fT4 (<1-40 pmol/L). There was a significant (P < .001) regression of fT4D on fT4 in 503 samples from normal horses (y = 2.086x - 0.430). In baseline samples from 71 healthy euthyroid horses, fT4 concentration ranged from 6-21 pmol/L (median, 11 pmol/L; 95% confidence interval [CI]10.5-11.8 pmol/L), and fT4D concentration ranged from 7-47 pmol/L (median, 22 pmol/L; 95% CI 20.9-25.1 pmol/L). Free T4D, fT4, and TT4 concentrations were also measured in 34 ill horses. Horses consuming PTU and ill horses had significantly (P < .05) lower serum concentration of TT4, fT4, and fT4D than did clinically normal, healthy horses. If serum samples from ill horses were further subdivided into samples from horses that lived and samples from horses that died, fT4D concentration was not significantly different in ill horses that lived, compared with that in healthy horses, whereas fT4 concentration was still significantly decreased in ill horses that died (P < 0.001). We conclude that measurement of fT4 concentration by equilibrium dialysis is a valid technique in the horse, and its use may provide improved ability to distinguish nonthyroidal illness syndrome from hypothyroidism in that species.     

中兽药临床疗效评价研究及其关键科学问题

为探讨中兽药临床疗效评价研究的近期研究任务和创新目标,从加强临床基础研究、遵循国际通则,突出中兽医药特色、多维综合评价、推进中兽医优势病种研究以及科学顶层设计与临床实际执行等方面,综合分析了中兽药临床疗效评价需要关注的科学问题和技术问题。结果显示,中兽医药独特的治疗特点决定了中兽药临床疗效评价需要遵从本身自身特点和发展规律,立足中兽医临床优势,解决好临床实际问题,科学、客观地回答"中兽药的有效性"。     

我国公路病害和养护浅析

从我国现阶段公路发展情况及使用状况入手,介绍公路的主要病害,并分析病害产生的原因。另外还从我国公路养护与维修的决策、分类以及存在的问题等三方面阐述了我国现阶段的公路养护现状;并对今后公路养护的发展趋势做了展望。     

Significance of BNP and APACHE II score on prognosis assessment of critically ill patients

AIM: To evaluate the role of plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) level and the score of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) in the prognosis assessment of critically ill patients. METHODS: Sixty-two critically-ill patients in ICU fo the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University were enrolled from October 2009 to February 2010. The APACHE II score was calculated and plasma BNP level was measured within the first 24 h after admission. The correlations between BNP/APACHE II score and length of hospitalization, rate of mechanical ventilation application, duration of ventilation and fatality rate were analyzed.RESULTS: There were 44 survivals and 18 deaths in 62 admissions. The average APACHE II score and plasma BNP level in the survival group were higher than those in death group (P<0.01). Sixty-two patients were divided into 3 groups according to their APACHE II scores. With increased BNP level, APACHE II score, rate of mechanical ventilation application and fatality rate were also increased. CONCLUSION: The increasing level of BNP and APACHE II score have significant implications in prognosis assessment of survival rate, rate of mechanical ventilation application, duration of ventilation and length of hospitalization in critically ill patients.