产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌病的流行与致病机制

产气荚膜梭状芽孢杆菌是人和动物肠道的正常菌群，亦是条件性致病菌，该菌感染主要由毒素导致的毒血症致病，因此，有针对地选用类毒素预防接种，才能防止本病流行。     

Concurrent 2009 Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) Virus Infection in Ferrets and in a Community in Pennsylvania

We report a fall 2010 cluster of pandemic influenza A/H1N1 (pH1N1) infections in pet ferrets in Lehigh Valley region of Pennsylvania. The ferrets were associated with one pet shop. The influenza cluster occurred during a period when the existing human surveillance systems had identified little to no pH1N1 in humans in the Lehigh Valley, and there were no routine influenza surveillance systems for exotic pets. The index case was a 2.5‐month‐old neutered male ferret that was presented to a veterinary clinic with severe influenza‐like illness (ILI). In response to laboratory notification of a positive influenza test result, and upon request from the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH), the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture (PDA) conducted an investigation to identify other ill ferrets and to identify the source and extent of infection. PDA notified the PADOH of the pH1N1 infection in the ferrets, leading to enhanced human surveillance and the detection of pH1N1 human infections in the surrounding community. Five additional ferrets with ILI linked to the pet shop were identified. This simultaneous outbreak of ferret and human pH1N1 demonstrates the important link between animal health and public health and highlights the potential use of veterinary clinics for sentinel surveillance of diseases shared between animals and humans.     

基于伏痰理论辨治精神疾病——中医脑病理论与临床实证研究（十一）

伏痰是精神疾病发病的内在因素,痰阻脑窍神机失司是其关键病机,伏痰与精神疾病的种类、发病、症状、演变等有关。本文通过精神分裂症现症期、精神分裂症伴精神发育不全、双相情感障碍伴躁狂发作、重症抑郁症、中毒性脑白质病精神障碍5个医案,阐述了精神疾病祛痰开窍醒脑安神以治标、见痰休治痰必治本、治痰饮当以温药和之的临床体会。     

制种玉米黑束病在不同土壤生态环境下发病规律的研究

在甘肃张掖大规模制种过程,采用人工调控土壤生态环境和田间调查方法,针对不同土体温度、湿度、酸碱度、养分含量,研究了菌丝体的生长状况和对寄主侵染的规律,提出了抗病品种为主的栽培措施以外的以调控土壤环境为主的防治方法。结果表明:致病菌枝顶头孢霉Acrrmonium strictum W.Gams在土壤pH7.0-8.0时生长迅速;生长适温为28～32℃,较菌丝体在培养基上的适温高;当绝对含水量在10%或20%时生长迅速;肥力因子N、K、P素对该病的影响较大,养分有效N素含量高、有效P素含量低、有效K含量不足发病重;病菌对幼苗的侵染也具明显的规律性,高温高湿有利于病菌对幼苗的侵染,病情指数增高,感病品种较抗病品种病情指数低。     

The use of the hand-held infrared thermometer as an early detection tool for exertional heat illness in Thoroughbred racehorses: A study at racetracks in eastern Australia

Thoroughbred racehorses perform exercise at maximal intensities and typically display a hyperthermic exercise response, which can drive core body temperature to critical levels. Despite extremely efficient thermoregulatory mechanisms, certain weather conditions may affect the horse’s ability to cool and result in a syndrome referred to as exertional heat illness (EHI). This is characterised by central nervous system dysfunction, as well as cytotoxic effects of heat on cells, which can produce deleterious consequences. Early detection of exertional heat illness (EHI) in Thoroughbred racehorses can be difficult because signs are often vague and the measurement of rectal temperature as an indicator of hyperthermia is not practical. Best practice in the treatment of EHI in horses, as in human subjects, centres on early detection, rapid assessment and aggressive cooling. Research in human subjects has shown that EHI is manageable when recognised early and appropriate treatment provided. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement of skin surface temperature (SST) by an infrared thermometer as an aid in the early detection of EHI. A skin surface temperature ≥39°C in the immediate postrace period is considered to be hot. It reflects the interaction of exercise-related metabolic heat production, physiological adjustments to the skin surface such as vasodilation and sweating, together with the effect of high ambient temperature. Most importantly, high SST is associated with a reduced core-to-skin temperature difference, which retards heat transfer from the deep body tissues to the skin and can hinder heat dissipation. Identification of horses with high SSTs can prioritise them for rapid cooling and curtail possible progression to EHI.     

文昌鱼鳃骨条的透射电镜观察

应用透射电子显微镜观察了文昌鱼（Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense Tchang et Koo)鳃骨条的结构。发现其鳃条骨条横切面的外部,有时可见两个相连的细胞密集区,细胞排列紧密,核质比大。除此之外的基质区,由平均直径28．3nm的粗纤维构成。在该区域的外围,粗纤维与边缘平行排列成薄层。在内部,粗纤维交错排列。而鳃条骨条横切面内部及整个舌条骨条则是由平均直径分别为13．8nm和13．9nm的细纤维构成的。细纤维排列规则,与鳃骨条的长轴平行。且彼此间由横向的细丝状交联连接成为直角的方格结构。两种纤维在形态上与胶原纤维不同。显示文昌鱼的鳃骨条是一种特殊的、非胶原为基质的支持组织。这使得继无颌类七鳃鳗和盲鳗中已发现的至少4种非胶原为基质的软骨家族又增添了新的成员,且文昌鱼鳃骨条与七鳃鳗和盲鳗的非胶原为基质的软骨结构都不相同,提示文昌鱼与无颌类可能有着长期独立的进化历史。