大豆长花序短果枝株型性状的利用研究Ⅶ.地理远缘杂交大豆F3、F4代短果枝性状的遗传规律初探

选用辽宁省育成大豆品种铁丰27号和沈农6号与美国俄亥俄州育成大豆品种OhioFG1和HS97—4534作亲本，配成正反交4个杂交组合，探讨了短果枝性状的遗传情况。结果表明：不同组合正反交F3、F4代中短果枝上的每荚粒数有所不同，以高值亲本作母本高于用低值亲本作母本的，这说明短果枝上每荚粒数的遗传是细胞质遗传，且F4代结果大于F3代。以短果枝荚数和粒数多的材料做母本，其F3和F4代的短果枝荚数和粒数也较高。说明，在利用短果枝性状时，配置杂交组合应以短果枝荚数和粒数较多的试材做母本。亲本沈农6号是多短果枝品种，其短果枝粒重率高达22．87％，以它为母本与美国的OhioFG1杂交，其F4代中短果枝的粒重率也高达到7．21％。     

遗传学实验教学改革初探

根据遗传学的特点,改革遗传学实验的教学内容及教学方法,采取灵活的考核方式,探讨了提高遗传学实验教学质量的有效途径。     

A Comparative Review of Vitamin E and Associated Equine Disorders

Vitamin E is a primary chain‐breaking antioxidant that prevents cyclic propagation of lipid peroxidation. Across species, vitamin E is essential for normal neuromuscular function by acting as a potent antioxidant, as well as by modulating the expression of certain genes, inhibiting platelet aggregation and stabilizing plasma membranes. This review focuses on vitamin E structure, absorption, metabolism, current equine dietary recommendations, the interplay between antioxidants and exercise, a discussion of the necessity of vitamin E supplementation in the horse above the Nutritional Research Council (NRC) 2007 requirements, and a review of equine diseases that are associated with a vitamin E deficiency. Particular emphasis is placed on the proteins involved in vitamin E absorption, transport, and metabolism as potential candidates for vitamin E‐associated diseases across species.     

不同遗传背景的甘蓝型黄籽油菜粒色遗传初步研究

以７种不同来源的甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系为材料,采用完全双列杂交试验和与中油８２１测交的方法,分析了粒色的遗传规律。初步结果显示：不同来源的甘蓝型黄籽油菜品系带有不同的粒色基因,有些为等位基因,有些属非等位基因。粒色遗传以加性效应为主,显性和上位性效应也很明显。     

Genetics of neotropical fish: from chromosomes to populations

The Neotropical freshwater fish fauna is very rich—according to the most recent catalogue 71 families and 4,475 species have been described. However, only a small amount of general information is available on the composition of Neotropical marine fishes. In Brazil, 1,298 marine species have been recorded. General analysis of available cytogenetic and population genetic data clearly indicates research has been mainly concentrated on freshwater fishes. Thus, today, cytogenetic information is available for 475 species of Characiformes, 318 species of Siluriformes, 48 species of Gymnotiformes, 199 freshwater species that do not belong to the superorder Ostariophysi, and only 109 species of marine fishes. For the species studied, only about 6% have sex chromosomes and about 5% have supernumerary or B chromosomes. A review of the cytogenetic studies shows that these data have provided valuable information about the relationships between fish groups, the occurrence of cryptic species and species complexes, the mechanism of sex determination and sex chromosome evolution, the distribution of nucleolus organizer regions, the existence supernumerary chromosomes, and the relationship between polyploidy and evolution. In relation to populations in Neotropical marine waters, the studies have shown the presence of cryptic species, which has important implications for fishery management. Different levels of genetic structuring can be found among Neotropical freshwater migratory fish species. This raises important implications for fish population genetic diversity and consequently its sustainable utilization in inland fisheries and aquaculture, specifically for conservation of ichthyo-diversity and survival.     

彩色棉的研究与产业化

彩色棉是一种纤维中含有色素类物质的特殊类型的棉花，原始种多来自美洲大陆和中美洲的短纤维野生彩色棉，栽培的彩色棉大多是利用与白色棉进行杂交选育而成的。用彩色棉加工成的纺织品无需漂白、印染、消毒等传统工艺处理，不产生化学污染，衣物中不含有害成分与任何化学物质残留，是典型的环保健康产品，备受消费者的欢迎。本文简述了国内外在彩色棉遗传特性、品种选育等方面的研究以及产业化的动态，分析了彩色棉生产中存在的问题并提出了相应的解决方案。     

DNA Testing in Neurologic Diseases

DNA testing is available for a growing number of hereditary diseases in neurology and other specialties. In addition to guiding breeding decisions, DNA tests are important tools in the diagnosis of diseases, particularly in conditions for which clinical signs are relatively nonspecific. DNA testing also can provide valuable insight into the risk of hereditary disease when decisions about treating comorbidities are being made. Advances in technology and bioinformatics will make broad screening for potential disease‐causing mutations available soon. As DNA tests come into more common use, it is critical that clinicians understand the proper application and interpretation of these test results.     

Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae: a modeling approach

A biochemically based model was developed to simulate the growth, development and metamorphosis of larvae of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The model is unique in that it (1) defines larvae in terms of their protein, neutral lipid, polar lipid, carbohydrate and ash content; (2) tracks weight separately from length to follow larval condition index and (3) includes genetic variation in growth efficiency and egg quality to better simulate cohort population dynamics. The model includes parameterizations for larval filtration, ingestion and respiration that determine growth rate and processes controlling larval mortality and metamorphosis. Changes in tissue composition occur as the larva grows and in response to the biochemical composition of the food.

The simulations show that genetically determined variations in growth efficiency produce significant changes in larval survival and success at metamorphosis. Larvae with low growth efficiency are successful under a much narrower range of culture conditions than larvae with high growth efficiency. The impact of low growth efficiency is primarily controlled by the ability of larvae to store lipid for metamorphosis. Culture conditions that provide increased dietary lipid counterweigh low growth efficiency. Changes in food quantity and quality had little effect on size at metamorphosis. On the other hand, larval life span and success rate at metamorphosis varied over a wide range depending upon the conditions of the simulation. Food quality and food availability both influence larval life span and, hence, larval survival. As ingestion rate decreases, larval life span increases and cohort survival declines. Increased lipid or decreased protein in the diet improves cohort survival. Changes in carbohydrate content are less influential. If cohort success is significantly affected by mortality during larval life rather than success at metamorphosis, the influence of food quality becomes more complex. The range of food compositions yielding high survival is restricted by a balance between improved success at metamorphosis obtained by increased lipid storage and the shortening of larval life span as a result of more rapid growth, a function of protein availability. These simulations illustrate the strength and utility of numerical models for evaluating and designing hatchery protocols for optimizing yield of C. gigas larvae.     

西藏高校《动物遗传学》课程教学内容与教学方法的思考和实践

本文以西藏大学农牧学院讲授《动物遗传学》内容和方法为例,从精心选择教材和参考书,优化课程体系,探讨有效教学方法等几个方面阐述了建设有西藏特色的《动物遗传学》课程教学的经验和方法,为西藏高校《动物遗传学》教学的建设和发展提供参考.