花生晚斑病抗性AFLP标记

以抗感晚斑病组合“中花5号×ICGV 86699”的F2分离群体为材料，经田间抗性鉴定明确抗性亲本ICGV 86699的抗性受隐性单基因或主效基因控制；AFLP分析结合BSA法筛选到与晚斑病抗性连锁较紧密的AFLP标记3个，即E35/M51、E37/M48和E41/M47，它们与抗性间的图距分别为7.40cM、7.40cM和8.67cM；所获得的3个标记间连锁紧密，位于同一连锁群上。这3个标记在具有野生种亲缘的7个抗病花生品种或材料中均能检测到，而在栽培种以多粒型为代表的抗病材料中均未检测到，表明ICGV 86699的抗性基因与栽培种花生中的抗性基因不同。这是国内外有关花生晚斑病抗性分子标记的首例报道。     

黄淮麦区部分小麦地方品种高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析

为了解黄淮麦区小麦地方品种的遗传多样性,并为品质改良提供基础材料,采用十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)方法,分析了黄淮麦区(黄淮平原副区、汾渭谷地副区)1 389份小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)的组成.结果表明,在供试材料中,Glu-1位点共有23种等位基因,其中Glu-A1位点3种,Glu-B1位点11种,Glu-D1位点9种,亚基null、7 8、2 12在各自的位点上出现频率最高,分别达到了98.63%、82.83%和92.65%.亚基组成类型共有42种,主要为null/7 8/2 12,频率达75.65%.筛选出一些含有1、2*、13 16、14 15、5 10、5 12等优质亚基的材料,其中有9份材料具有优质亚基组合,可作为优质基因源.同时,还对多个材料具有同一名称的254份材料从HMW-GS组成和农艺性状方面进行了综合分析,最终筛选出了18种共计51份同名材料,分别疑为同种材料,2份白芒糙和2份紫茎白,分别可确定为同一份材料.     

Characterization of Aroma and Agronomic Traits in Afghan Native Rice Cultivars

Abstract

In this study, we collected native aromatic rice cultivars from north, east and northeast of Afghanistan, and check cultivars from Japan, Thailand and India. We characterized some important agronomic characters such as plant height, panicle number per plant, grain number per panicle, 1,000-grain weight, grain length and grain width to find the desirable characters for breeding programs. Many of them were classified into tall culm rice according to IRRI index, but had thin and slender grain, and strong aroma which are favorable characteristics in Afghanistan and surrounding regions. The aromatic character was characterized by three methods, 1.7% KOH sensory test, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring (GC-MS-SIM), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis. These three methods gave similar results. Six out of 10 Afghan native rice cultivars were aromatic and four non-aromatic. Among the check cultivars, Basmati 370, Jasmine 85, Izayoi, Oitakoutou and Jakouine were aromatic and Nipponbare non-aromatic. Improvement of aromatic and high yielding rice and reduction of plant height are the important objectives for rice breeding in Afghanistan. The results showed that Pashadi Konar from Afghanistan has the intermediate plant height, heavier 1,000-grain weight (32 g), longer grain (11 mm) and favorable aroma. Therefore, this cultivar may be a good source of aromatic rice germplasm in Afghanistan. To clarify the genetic nature of aroma in rice, we crossed non-aromatic cultivar Nipponbare with aromatic cultivar Jasmine 85, and examined the aromatic character in the F₂ generation by 1.7% KOH sensory test and PCR analysis. Non-aromatic and aromatic characters were segregated at a ratio of 3:1, showing that aroma is controlled by a single recessive gene.     

大豆油分含量SSR标记及QTL定位

大豆油分含量是数量遗传性状。为了选育高油品种,有效利用高油基因和转基因研究,并使其广泛应用于育种和生产实践,通过构建群体,利用分子标记手段对油分基因在基因图谱上的位置进行了标记,结果表明,标记Satt491和油分含量相关,定位于E连锁群上。     

利用分子标记辅助选择选育抗白叶枯病恢复系

利用水稻恢复系C418与携带Xa21基因亲本回交转育的中间材料,通过分子标记辅助选择,结合人工接种鉴定,农艺性状考察和田间配合力测定,选育出一批携带Xa21基因、白叶枯病抗性显著提高、农艺性状优良、配合力较强的新恢复系,同时筛选出一批优势杂交组合,为杂交稻抗病育种奠定物质基础。     

Meta-Analysis of 100-Seed Weight QTLs in Soybean

100-seed weight is a very complicated quantitative trait of yield. The study of gene mapping for yield trait in soybean is very important for application. However, the mapping result of 100-seed weight was dispersed, the public map should be chosen which was suitable for the published results integrated, and to improve yield. In this research, an integrated map of 100-seed weight QTLs in soybean had been established with soymap2 published in 2004 as a reference map. QTLs of 100-seed weight in soybean were collected in recent 20 yr. With the software BioMercator 2.1, QTLs from their own maps were projected to the reference map. From published papers, 65 QTLs of 100-seed weight were collected and 53 QTLs were integrated, including 17 reductive effect QTLs and 36 additive effect QTLs. 12 clusters of QTLs were found in the integrated map. A method of meta-analysis was used to narrow down the confidence interval, and 6 additive QTLs and 6 reductive QTLs and their corresponding markers were obtained respectively. The minimum confidence interval (C.I.) was shrunk to 1.52 cM.These results would lay the foundation for marker-assisted selection and mapping QTL precisely, as well as QTL gene cloning in soybean.     

RNA二级结构遗传预测算法中的选择操作研究

在利用遗传算法设计RNA二级结构预测算法时,需要解决两类重要问题,即选择压力和种群多样性。选择压力有利于引导算法利用适应度标准更多地开发新个体,使得更多优秀的个体参与到迭代之中;而种群多样性是种群进化的基础。通过仿真试验对遗传算法中的选择操作进行性能分析和比较,找出适用于RNA二级结构预测的选择操作。     

小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种的遗传多样性分析

为了更深入地揭示小麦抗麦红吸浆虫品种（系）的遗传多样性,在田间虫圃对1562份小麦品种（系）损失率鉴定结果的基础上,取47份年度间鉴定抗性结果较为一致的材料,按损失率大小,由小到大排列起来,利用19对多态性SSR标记检测了参试材料的遗传多态性。结果表明,19对SSR标记在47份不同抗性品种中检测到104个等位基因,能够将所有品种区分开来,每对引物可以检测到3-8个等位基因,平均5．47个。47个小麦品种间的遗传距离从0．40～0．95不等,平均为0．71。高抗品种间遗传距离平均为0．66（0．40-0．95）;中抗品种间的遗传距离平均为0．69（0．46～0．90）;感虫品种间的遗传距离平均为0．69（0．53-0．95）;高感品种间的遗传距离平均为0．68（0．41～0．90）。SSR标记聚类分析在遗传距离为0．74处将供试材料分为6大类群。抗虫品种晋麦65号单独聚为一类,同其余品种具有较远的亲缘关系,可作为新的抗源用于抗虫育种,并在吸浆虫发生地块推广种植。     

桑树二倍体及人工诱导的同源四倍体遗传差异的SRAP分析

利用SRAP分子标记技术,对8份桑树二倍体品种和经秋水仙碱化学诱变得到的同源四倍体进行DNA遗传差异研究和聚类分析。结果表明:桑树不同材料二倍体及其同源四倍体间的SRAP多态性有明显差异。农桑8号、璜桑37号、湖桑197号、湖桑199号和国桑20号的二倍体及其同源四倍体间的扩增条带完全一致,无差异,而育71-1二倍体及其同源四倍体的SRAP多态性最高,达到1.41%,所有的二倍体及其同源四倍体材料均聚在一起,不同材料间亲缘关系近的聚为一大类。说明不同桑树材料经秋水仙素诱变后产生的遗传差异较大,桑树二倍体及其同源四倍体产生变异的原因可能是染色体上的等位基因积加效应造成DNA分子遗传结构的改变。     

玉米种子纯度鉴定中DNA提取方法的比较研究

分别以玉米干种子胚、幼芽和幼苗为材料提取DNA,并对所得DNA的纯度和质量进行检测,结果显示,利用玉米干种子胚提取的DNA质量及分子量大小与幼苗法相当,完全可以满足SSR分子标记对玉米杂交种纯度的鉴定。