中国台湾栽培稻种质资源的等位酶遗传多样性

 分析了中国台湾省1 591份亚洲栽培稻14个等位酶基因位点的等位基因酶谱(Pgi1、Pgi2、Amp1、Amp2、Amp3、Amp4、Sdh1、Adh1、Cat1、Icd1、Est1、Est2、Est5和Est9)。结果表明，被检测的台湾稻种含有47个等位酶等位基因，占亚洲栽培稻该类等位酶己鉴定出的60个等位基因的78.3%，其等位基因频率变幅为0.001~0.997，基因多样性指数(Ha)变幅为0.006~0.585。平均基因多样性指数(Ht)和平均多态性指数(DP)分别为0.239和18.3%。基因频率低于0.05的等位基因共24个，占51.1%；基因频率在0.05~0.95的18个，占38.3%；基因频率高于0.95的有5个(Amp1-1、Adh1-1、Icd1-1、Est1-1和Est5-1)。1 591个台湾品种共有182种等位酶基因型，且等位基因Est9-null仅存在于3个台湾品种中。遗传分化系数(Gst)和聚类分析表明，台湾品种在Amp2、Cat1、Pgi1、Est2和Pgi2的基因位点上出现了明显的籼粳差异。台湾栽培稻具有较丰富的等位酶遗传多样性，是中国栽培稻遗传多样性的重要组成部分。     

基于粒子群复形法优化复垦土地结构

针对我国人多地少、土地破坏的严重性，特别在矿区，破坏更为严重，及时恢复被破坏土地的使用价值对保持经济的持续发展是很必要的。在资金有限的情况下，如何合理地规划复垦土地的结构，一方面使土地复垦得以顺利地进行，另一方面又使经济效益达到最大化，是管理者所面临的问题。通过数学建模，这是一个带有约束条件的优化问题，针对这一问题，本文通过惩罚函数法把它化为无约束的优化问题，最后提出用粒子群算法改进的复形法进行求解。实例分析表明算法的有效性与简洁性，为复垦土地的结构优化提供一条有效的解决途径，增加规划的科学性、现实性和可操作性。     

应用RAPD技术对东北地区白桦种源遗传变异的分析

用随机扩增多态DNA（RAPD）分子标记方法对白桦13个种源115个个体进行了遗传变异的比较分析。通过14个随机引物扩增共检测到233个位点。各种源多态位点百分率差异明显，在20.17%-32.19%之间，多态位点百分率最高的是帽儿山种源和清源种源，最低的是绰尔种源。遗传变异在大兴安岭、小兴安岭和长白山3个区域间占23.88%，种源间遗传变异占27.99%，种源内个体间遗传变异占48.13%。根据种源间的遗传距离，构建了白桦13个种源的遗传关系聚类图，结果大兴案岭地区的白桦和源聚为一类，小兴安岭、张广才岭、完达山和长白山分布区的白桦种源聚为另一类。同时，根据地理气候因子和遗传距离对白桦13个种源进行了种源区的划分，为种子调拨提供了依据。     

小麦条锈菌生理小种国际鉴别寄主Spaldings Prolific中抗条锈病基因YrSpP的微卫星标记

 Spaldings Prolific是国际小麦条锈菌鉴别寄主和国内外重要抗源。以含有小麦抗条锈病基因YrSpP的近等基因系Taichung29*6/YrSpP及其轮回亲本Taichung29为材料， 用目的基因所在2B染色体上88对微卫星引物对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增和电泳分析，发现用WMC441引物在近等基因系与轮回亲本间稳定扩增出特异性DNA片段。经F2代群体162个抗、感单株检测证实，该片段位点与抗条锈病基因YrSpP连锁，遗传距离为10.9 cM，确定WMC441为抗条锈病基因YrSpP的标记，并可用于该基因的检测和辅助选择。     

小麦抗条锈病分子标记辅助育种研究进展

小麦条锈病是小麦生产的主要病害之一。在中国,尤其是西北麦区,小麦条锈病是小麦生产面临的最严重问题。筛选和培育抗锈基因是防治小麦条锈病最为经济、安全、有效的方法。综述了分子标记辅助育种技术在小麦抗条锈病育种上的研究概况和发展运用。     

棉花生长素应答因子ARF3功能的初步分析

生长素应答因子(auxin response factor,ARF)是转录因子的一个家族,在生长素信号传导途径中起着关键的作用。通过GenBank上登录的序列设计引物,利用RT-PCR技术扩增得到了陆地棉生长素应答因子ARF3的全长序列,并构建到植物表达载体pCAMBIA1301上,借助真空渗透转化技术,在农杆菌GV3101介导下转化模式植物拟南芥,经潮霉素筛选,得到了批量的转基因植株。通过PCR技术,检测到目的基因成功整合到拟南芥基因组中,RT-PCR检测到了目的基因在转基因植株中得到表达。     

Exploitation of SSR,SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers for genetic diversity of Citrus germplasm collection

The present study was to assess informativeness and efficiency of three different molecular markers for genetic diversity among 24 Citrus and its relative species. Sixty one SSR, 33 SRAP and 24 CAPS-SNP markers were used to evaluate the level of polymorphism and discriminating capacity. A total of 596, 656 and 135 polymorphic amplicons were observed in SSR, SRAP and CAPS-SNP markers with average polymorphism information content (PIC) of 0.97, 0.98 and 0.89, respectively. High levels of polymorphism were recorded for SSR and SRAP compared with CAPS-SNP markers. The highest correlations (r = 0.930) were obtained between SSR and SRAP markers, whereas SSR and CAPS-SNP were poorly correlated (r = 0.833). Cluster analysis was performed to construct dendrograms using UPGMA. And the dendrogram from SSR data was most congruent with the general dendrogram. These findings provide basis for future efficient use of these molecular markers in the genetic analysis of Citrus and its relatives.     

Genetic polymorphism of caspase-7 isoform β in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

AIM: To investigate the association between the rs2227309 polymorphism of cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-7 (caspase-7) isoform β and the genetic susceptibility in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in Taizhou of China. METHODS: Genotyping of rs2227309 of caspase-7 isoform β gene was performed in 204 RA patients and 203 matched healthy controls using TaqMan single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of GG, AG and AA of caspase-7 polymorphism in the RA patients were 33.3%, 53.4% and 13.2%, respectively, and 33.0%, 44.3% and 22.7% in the healthy individuals,respectively. There was a significant difference in caspase-7 genotype frequencies between the RA patients and healthy controls (P<0.05). The frequency of GG+AG genotype in RA patients was higher than that in healthy controls with significant difference (P<0.05, OR=1.921, 95%CI: 1.140~3.236). The frequencies of the G allele were 60.0% and 55.2% in the RA patients and the healthy individuals,respectively. No significant difference was observed in allele frequency between the RA patients and healthy controls (P>0.05, OR=1.221, 95%CI: 0.924~1.613). CONCLUSION: The rs2227309 polymorphism of caspase-7 isoform β gene is associated with the susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis. The high production of the non-functional variant of caspase-7 may reduce the apoptosis of rheumatoid synovial cells, indicating the mechanism of this association.     

Starch granule size variation and relationship with tuber dry matter content in heritage potato varieties

Heritage potato varieties in Canada are historic old varieties collected from Canada and various countries before the formal establishment of the Canadian plant variety registration system and may be a valuable gene resource for beneficial traits in potato breeding and bioproducts development. Greater evaluation is the key for the enhanced use of these materials. It is unknown how much variation of starch granules occurs among Canadian heritage potato varieties. We analyzed the starch granule size of 14 potato heritage varieties held in the Canadian Plant Gene Resources collection over 2 years using a squeezed juice and microscopic method recently developed at the Potato Research Centre. The varieties demonstrated considerable variation in starch granule size and shape. The granules showed average lengths ranging from 18 μm in the variety Congo to 32 μm in ‘Russet Burbank’. The largest single granule measured from 64 μm in ‘Congo’ to 91 μm in ‘Crotte d’Ours.’ The granule sizes of the varieties showed a very high correlation (r = 0.975, P < 0.0001) between years. This high reproducibility suggests the existence of genetic factors in determining starch granule size. We also found that the starch granule size is positively correlated with tuber dry matter (in terms of specific gravity) in these heritage potatoes. The results demonstrated reproducible genotypic variation for starch granule size and shape in tubers with a significant correlation to tuber dry matter in these heritage potato varieties, and offers the possibility for and agronomic relevance of genetic modification of starch granules through selective breeding.