非洲狗尾草遗传分化调查

以纳罗克非洲狗尾草为材料，将变异分化的狗尾草分为3个类型，即长穗褐色、长穗金黄色、长穗深棕色．对各群体生殖枝高、生殖枝数、单株分蘖数及穗部形态特征进行测量，结合数量统计分析，运用SASV8软件对3个群体的形态变异程度进行分析。方差分析结果表明生殖枝数、分蘖、穗长、穗不带芒直径在3个类型间存在着显著差异，生殖枝高差异极显著。聚类分析结果显示出长穗褐色群体基本归为一类，而群体长穗金黄色、长穗深棕色存在一定的分化程度但不显著。     

A Polymorphism in the Melanocortin 4 Receptor Gene (MC4R:c.92C>T) Is Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Overweight Domestic Shorthaired Cats

Background

Feline diabetes mellitus (DM) shares many pathophysiologic features with human type 2 DM. Human genome‐wide association studies have identified genes associated with obesity and DM, including melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), which plays an important role in energy balance and appetite regulation.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the feline MC4R gene and to determine whether any SNPs are associated with DM or overweight body condition in cats.

Animals

Two‐hundred forty domestic shorthaired (DSH) cats were recruited for the study. Of these, 120 diabetics were selected (60 overweight, 60 lean), along with 120 nondiabetic controls (60 overweight and 60 lean). Males and females were equally represented.

Methods

A prospective case‐control study was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and used as template for PCR amplification of the feline MC4R gene. The coding region of the gene was sequenced in 10 cats to identify polymorphisms. Subsequently, genotyping by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis assessed MC4R:c.92C > T allele and genotype frequencies in each group of cats.

Results

No significant differences in MC4R:c.92C>T allele or genotype frequencies were identified between nondiabetic overweight and lean cats. In the overweight diabetic group, 55% were homozygous for the MC4R:c.92C allele, compared to 33% of the lean diabetics and 30% of the nondiabetics. The differences between the overweight diabetic and the nondiabetics were significant (P < .01).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

We identified a polymorphism in the coding sequence of feline MC4R that is associated with DM in overweight DSH cats, similar to the situation in humans.     

陇东野生紫花苜蓿过氧化物酶同工酶分析

利用聚丙烯酰胺垂直板凝胶电泳技术对陇东野生紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L. cv. Longdong)及其他38个紫花苜蓿品种的过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶酶谱特征进行分析,通过对供试材料间欧氏距离的计算和聚类分析,初步探讨了39个紫花苜蓿材料间的亲缘关系.结果表明:供试材料共表现出11条酶带,且都具有4条主酶带,其中陇东野生紫花苜蓿表现出条酶带;用组间均连法进行聚类分析,39个供试材料可聚为6类,其中陇东野生紫花苜蓿单独为一类,且与其他38个供试材料间的欧氏距离介于0.48～1.622,平均值(1.088)远远高于其他供试材料间的平均欧氏距离(0.533～1.029),表明它们之间的遗传距离相对较大.由此可确定陇东野生紫花苜蓿与其他供试材料间的亲缘关系较远,为一相对独立的紫花苜蓿种质资源,可通过育种途径扩大栽培品种的遗传基础.     

基于SSR标记分析四川省桑树种质资源的群体结构和遗传多样性

利用14对SSR引物对四川省89份桑树种质资源的基因组DNA进行PCR,分析种质资源间的群体结构和遗传多样性。共扩增出迁移率不同的条带65条,多态性条带65条,多态性条带比率达100%;Structure群体结构分析将89份桑树种质资源划分为4个群体,4个群体的多态性信息含量在0.552 0~0.599 8之间,总体为0.657 7;基因多样度在0.554 8~0.600 3之间,总体为0.579 0;等位基因数目在66~76个之间,总体为134个;等位基因丰富度在3.327 2~3.549 1之间,总体为3.983 1;遗传多样性主要来源于品种内,属中等偏高水平;14对SSR引物位点的总基因多样度Ht在0.291~0.931之间,整体为0.699;Nei’s种群内基因多样度Hs为0.287~0.910,整体为0.662;种群间基因多样度为0.003~0.098,整体为0.037;种群间基因分化系数为0.008~0.047,整体为0.053;基因流为2.901~62.000,整体为8.934,遗传变异主要发生在群体内,群体间分化程度低,基因流大。UPGMA聚类分析与群体结构分析结果大致相同,2种分析结果都显示分群无地理迁移规律。     

牛遗传图谱的研究进展

20世纪90年代以来,牛遗传图谱发展非常迅速。到目前为止,已经公布了几个版本的遗传图谱。在图谱上DNA标记不断增加,标记间隔越来越小,但是目前图谱还是存在着标记密度不均匀等问题。随着牛基因组计划的完成,基因组学和QTL定位的发展,尤其是表达序列标签（EST）在图谱构建中的应用,牛的遗传图谱将更加完善,为重要经济性状的基因定位和基因克隆奠定了基础。     

苜蓿遗传转化的研究进展

综述苜蓿遗传转化研究中,再生体系构建及基因导入方法的研究进展。     

Genetic diversity of livestock-associated MRSA isolates obtained from piglets from farrowing until slaughter age on four farrow-to-finish farms

During a previous longitudinal study, performed on four farrow-to-finish farms (A to D), samples were taken from twelve sows, their offspring, and the environment on various occasions over six months to study the MRSA presence. During the present study, a selection of the obtained MRSA isolates were typed by multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), spa typing, and SCCmec typing to study the genetic diversity of LA-MRSA isolates and to determine possible MRSA sources for pig(let)s. PFGE, spa typing, and SCCmec typing revealed the presence of one or few dominant genotype(s) per farm. In contrast, 212 MLVA types were detected on the four farms, forming one cluster on farm A, three on farm B, four on farm C and two on farm D. The genotype, found on farm A was unique for this farm. Farms B, C and D shared one cluster. In general, MLVA types from these clusters were isolated from piglets, sows, and the environment on various sampling events. Piglets carried MLVA types both related and unrelated to their mother sows’ MLVA types at farrowing and onwards. In conclusion, molecular typing revealed that within a farm one or a few dominant strain(s) are widespread. Potential MRSA sources for piglets were mother sows, the environment and other piglets.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13567-014-0089-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

用RAPD标记分析部分柞蚕二化性品种资源的遗传多样性

采用RAPD标记技术,对36份柞蚕(Antheraea pernyi)二化性品种资源的遗传多样性进行分析。PCR扩增及琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果表明:利用筛选出的19个随机引物在供试材料中共检测到123个信息位点,其中多态性位点114个,多态性比率92.68%;每一个引物可检测出3～9个位点,其多态性比率不尽相同,平均扩增出6.47条带;各品种具有不同数量的特异性带型。供试品种资源的Nei氏遗传多样性指数(h)为0.324 3±0.151 5,Shannon信息指数(I)为0.487 1±0.197 5,表明长期同地保存的二化性柞蚕品种资源同样具有丰富的遗传多样性;供试品种的Nei氏遗传一致性范围在0.495 9～0.837 4之间,达0.6以上的占96.59%,表明多数品种资源的相似程度较高。36份品种资源分别以辽宁省蚕业科学研究所育成种为主和以国内外引进种为主聚为两大类群。     

基于AFLP分子标记分析陕西省保存主要家蚕品种的遗传多样性及亲缘关系

采用AFLP分子标记技术分析陕西省保存的53个代表性家蚕品种的遗传多样性,为合理利用品种资源,选育适合西北蚕区饲养的优良家蚕品种提供理论依据。用供试品种滞育期的蚕卵提取基因组DNA,选用重复性较好的14对引物组合进行AFLP扩增,共获得535个条带,其中有472个条带呈多态性,多态性比率为88.22%。采用UPGMA方法对供试品种间的亲缘关系进行聚类分析,53个品种间的遗传距离为0.072 8～0.601 9,主要分为中系、日系和欧系3大类群,其中:日系和欧系品种遗传距离较近,与传统的家蚕系统按来源地分类的结果吻合;4个陕西地方一化三眠蚕品种明显有别于其它家蚕品种而归为一个特殊类群,提示其具有独特的种质特性。此外,采用滞育期的蚕卵提取家蚕基因组DNA,可以克服取样的时间限制,满足实验需要。     

两类SSR对苜蓿属种质遗传多样性和亲缘关系的比较研究

利用33对细胞核SSR标记和28对叶绿体SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。在38份苜蓿属种质中,叶绿体SSR标记的平均等位变异数高于细胞核SSR标记,而遗传多样性指数则相反;分别用细胞核SSR、叶绿体SSR和61对SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行聚类,结果显示:3次聚类都把38份苜蓿属种质划分为一年生和多年生苜蓿两个大类群;以相似系数0.8为准,3次聚类结果的差异主要显示在一年生苜蓿内部尤其是蒺藜苜蓿种质内的品种(系)划分上。