刚竹属14个品种遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR分子标记手段,研究刚竹属部分竹子品种的遗传多样性。实验从50条ISSR引物中筛选出10条重复性好、条带清晰的引物进行PCR扩增。通过对75条谱带进行相似系数的聚类分析,结果同形态学分类结果基本吻合;运用特殊谱带,建立竹子品种的分子检索表,说明ISSR标记能够揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性。     

杉木第二代种子园自由授粉子代测定效果分析

对洋口林场杉木第二代种子园自由授粉子代试验林树高、胸径和材积等生长性状研究结果表明 :杉木第二代种子园子代生长在家系间存在着显著差异 ,家系内个体间的遗传分化剧烈。从群体中选出的优良家系及家系内优良的单株造林 ,增产效果显著 ;杉木在树高、胸径和材积等生长性状间有较高的表型和遗传相关性。     

利用RAPD分析大青杨天然群体的遗传结构

本文利用ＲＡＰＤ分子标记技术从ＤＮＡ分子水平上探测了大青场（ｐｌｐｕｌｕｓｕｓｓｕｒｉｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｍ．）天然群体的遗传结构和分化程度。结果得出：用１４个随机寡核苷酸引物共产生１８０个扩增片段，扩增片断在２１１ｂｐ至１６３６ｂｐ之间。Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ表型多样度（ＨＯ）估测值在群体间变动范围为０．２７１至０．３９２，平均为０．３１０。对分子水平变异分为群体间和群体内两部分进行分析，群体间分量占总变异的６２．３％，群体内只占３７．７％。不同引物在群体内探测能力也各不相同，ＣＨｌ－ｌ引物探测多样度（ＨＯ）最高（０．５４０），而２１１６引物最低（０．１５１）。     

Genetic diversity analysis of Sinojackia microcarpa,a rare tree species endemic in China,based on simple sequence repeat markers

Although most Sinojackia species are endangered, they contribute greatly to the biodiversity of local ecosystems. Sinojackia microcarpa, an endangered species, is distributed only in three provinces of eastern China. Determining the genetic diversity of S. microcarpa provides key information for germplasm evaluation and species conservation. Here we used simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to investigate the genetic diversity of eight natural populations of S. microcarpa. Leaf samples were collected from 144 individuals in 8 wild populations. The 156 bands were generated from 14 pairs of informative SSR primers, with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 45.67%. The average values of Nei’s genetic diversity (He) and Shannon’s diversity index (I) were 0.1007 and 0.1658, respectively. The total genetic variation of S. microcarpa existed mainly within the eight populations, rather than among populations, and reached 86.41%. A cluster analysis showed that the eight wild populations of S. microcarpa could be classified into four groups, at a threshold of 4.0, based on an analysis of the SSR genotypes. Furthermore, there was a significant association between the phylogenetic relationships and the geographic locations of the S. microcarpa populations. In particular, populations from Fuyang, Jiande, and Lin’an in Zhejiang Province had close phylogenetic relationships and geographic distances. In addition, these three populations had the highest genetic diversity and the most individuals, suggesting that these three locations may be the S.microcarpa distribution center. This study serves as a model for studying the genetic diversity of endangered plant species.     

管涔山生物多样性特征研究

从地理位置、地形地貌、气候、土壤与植被和地质特征5个方面阐述了管涔山的自然概况,并从物种多样性、生态系统多样性和遗传多样性3个方面介绍了管涔山的生物多样性特征,最后提出了管涔山生物多样性保护的重要意义。     

Genetic Variance and Covariance Patterns of Growth and Survival in Northern Pinus sylvestris

The amount of additive genetic and environmental variance for tree height and field survival, and the genetic relationship between the traits were estimated using data from half-sib progenies of Swedish and Finnish Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) plus-trees, assessed in 18 single-tree plot progeny trials. The progeny trials were established in northern Sweden and comprised 9-13-yr-old, Finnish polycross progenies or Swedish open-pollinated progenies. In total across the trials, 71?630 individual trees from 888 families were included in the study. At the overall level, the additive genetic coefficient of variation ranged between 3.1 and 16.3% for height and between 0 and 27.9% for survival, with averages of 9.5% and 14.2%, respectively. Narrow-sense heritabilities were moderate to low, with averages across trials of 0.11 for height and 0.06 for survival. At the within-population level, estimates of genetic correlation between height and survival were mostly large and positive, with an arithmetic mean and standard error across trials of 0.47±0.39.     

Comparing genetic diversity in agroforestry systems with natural forest: a case study of the important timber tree Vitex fischeri in central Kenya

It is possible that current tree domestication practices undertaken by farmers reduce the genetic base of tree resources on farms, raising concerns regarding the productivity, sustainability and conservation value of agroforestry ecosystems. Here, we assessed possible changes in genetic variation during domestication in the important and heavily utilised timber species, Vitex fischeri Gürke (syn. Vitex keniensis), by comparing geographically proximate forest and farm material in central Kenya. Employing RAPD analysis, a total of 104 polymorphic markers revealed by five arbitrary primers were scored in a total of 65 individuals, 32 from forest and 33 from farmland. Despite concerns of possible genetic erosion, forest and farm stands did not differ significantly in levels of genetic variation, with H values of 0.278 and 0.269, respectively. However, Mantel tests did reveal greater geographically related associative genetic structure among individuals in farm rather than forest material, with r _M values of 0.217 and 0.114, respectively. A more detailed analysis of structure suggested this could be due to local variation in origin of some on-farm trees. Implications of data for the genetic management of V. fischeri stands during farmer-led tree domestication activities are discussed. At present, there appears little reason to reject on-farm V. fischeri as a source of germplasm for future on-farm planting or for conservation purposes, although this situation may change and will require monitoring.     

笃斯越橘生态耦合性分析与遗传效应评价

笃斯越橘（Vaccinium uliginosum Linn．）喜凉爽湿润的森林气候,集营养、药用、保健和商用价值于一体,为珍贵野生果类之一。采取固定标准地连续定位测定和临时标准地随机调查点面结合的方法,通过探讨高寒地区光、热、水、土资源与笃斯越橘生态耦合性,综合分析了数量性状的生态效应和亲本的遗传效应,为高寒地区的良种选育和引种驯化提供理论依据。结果表明：生境类型不同,数量性状存在一定的变异,以沼泽草句生境的变异最小,株高、果实纵和横径、单果质量及单株结实量的平均变异系数分别为4．31％、1．52％、1．11％、15．83％和3．45％;5个数量性状的遗传力较强,遗传增益中等,遗传力分别为0．995,0．982、0．990、0．997、0．995和1．000,遗传增益分别为8．40％、5．48％、5．53％、13．29％和4．63％,经济效益显著。     

Genetic difference in adventitious rhizogenesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Albizia procera</Emphasis> Benth. with IBA treatment

Variable adventitious rhizogenesis of juvenile shoot cuttings was observed in seven half-sib families (TP-1, BAN-1, AN-3, JR-3, SL-16, UM-3, and UM-5) of Albizia procera Benth. Treatment with IBA invariably promoted sprouting by 8%, adventitious rooting by 218%, root number by 869%, and root length by 36.4% compared with the control. Interaction between families and IBA treatment significantly enhanced sprouting and root length in BAN-1, JR-3, UM-3, and UM-5, and root number in all families, but had a significant suppressive effect on sprouting in AN-3. Treatment with IBA increased family heritability (h _f ²) 1.38-fold for sprouting, 2.86-fold for adventitious rooting, and 10.86-fold for root number, but reduced family heritability by a factor of 8.25 for root length. Thus, direct genetic effects seem to have strongly affected sprouting and adventitious rooting, with IBA playing an auxiliary role, but had little effect on root number and length, for which IBA had a dominant regulatory role.