小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响

研究在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖水平及血清总蛋白水平的影响,探讨其最适添加量和作用机制,以期为小麦饲料和木聚糖酶制剂更好的应用于鹅的生产提供参考。     

Effect of Wheat Based Diet Supplemented with Xylanase on Blood Sugar and Total Protein in Serum of Geese

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylarmse on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [Method] By using the randomized design of single factor, the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet, wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively, the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect, which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in senun, wheat based diet supplemented with O. 2% xylarmse was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.     

Effect of Wheat Based Diet Supplemented with Xylanase on Blood Sugar and Total Protein in Serum of Geese

[Objective] The effects of wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase on blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese were studied. [Method] By using the randomized design of single factor,the 1-day-old healthy goslings were divided into 6 groups and fed with corn based diet,wheat based diet and wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase at different concentrations respectively,the contents of blood sugar and total protein in serum were determined. [Result] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could increase the blood sugar and total protein in serum of geese and wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase generated the best effect,which was higher than those of corn based diet group. As for the concentration of protein in serum,wheat based diet supplemented with 0.2% xylanase was significantly different from corn based diet and wheat based diet. [Conclusion] The wheat based diet supplemented with xylanase could enhance geese production.     

鹅PRLR基因外显子10单核苷酸多态性分析

运用PCR-SSCP法,检测了皖西白鹅和莱茵鹅PRLR基因外显子10的单核苷酸多态性。结果表明：在皖西白鹅群体中存在多态性,10-2位点的A-181G和10-3位点的-/22A缺失突变;而在莱茵鹅群体中则不存在多态性。     

不同日粮对广西合浦鹅生产性能及养分代谢的影响

本研究旨在探讨不同日粮对鹅生长性能和纤维类物质及其他养分利用能力的影响。选取4周龄、体重相近的广西合浦鹅60只,随机分为3组,每组20只(公母各1/2),分别饲喂3种不同代谢能(ME)水平的日粮:第1组10.03 MJ/kg,第2组11.00 MJ/kg,第3组11.85 MJ/kg,进行42 d的饲养试验;同时分别于5周龄和9周龄时从上述3组试验鹅中各选取4只体重相近的试鹅进行代谢试验并用内源指示剂法(4 mol/L HCl不溶灰分)测定试鹅对日粮养分的代谢率。结果表明:在整个试验期间各组试鹅平均日增重差异不显著(P>0.05);5周龄时,各组日粮养分代谢率差异也不显著(P>0.05);但在9周龄时,第1组的CF、DM和能量代谢率显著高于其余2组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。因此,本试验证明了日粮ME在10.03~11.85 MJ/kg时,不影响合浦鹅的增重和屠宰性能;在9周龄、日粮ME为10.03 MJ/kg时,其CF、DM和能量代谢率显著高于ME为11.00或11.85 MJ/kg组,而高能量日粮并未表现出养分代谢上的优势。     

不同比例青贮玉米秸秆日粮的鹅消化率

为了探索鹅对青贮玉米秸秆利用的可行性与效果,本试验选取24月龄的健康五龙鹅30只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复。各试验组日粮青贮玉米秸秆的比例分别为24.30%、34.60%、42.60%、49.10%、53.60%,采用全收粪法进行代谢试验,检测饲料与粪便中的各种营养成分,确定其消化率,并观察肠道微生物菌群变化。试验结果表明:在代谢能(ME)和粗蛋白质(CP)摄入量基本一致的条件下,随着青贮玉米秸秆添加水平的提高,粗纤维(CF)的消化率为18.16%~48.28%,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)42.68%~58.51%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)28.56%~49.32%;氮沉积量、净蛋白质利用率(NPU)各组间差异显著(P<0.05);各组粪中的氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度呈下降趋势;除甘氨酸表观消化率偏低但组间差异极显著(P<0.01)外,其他各种氨基酸表观消化率(AAAD)均较高(77.30%~93.10%)。Ca表观消化率随青贮玉米秸秆添加比例递增呈显著递减趋势(P<0.05);P表观消化率在添加53.60%青贮玉米秸秆时显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性与CF、NDF和ADF的消化率呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与Ca的表观消化率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01);谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)酶活与CF呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与Ca的表观消化率呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。青贮秸秆添加量在24.30%~49.10%时,粪便中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌数量均随秸杆添加水平的升高而增多(P<0.05);大肠杆菌数量总体呈下降趋势。试验说明鹅能较好的利用青贮玉米秸秆中的营养物质,利用青贮玉米秸秆养鹅是可行的。     

鹅副粘病毒毒力特性的研究

新城疫病毒毒力的判定标准是根据国际上规定的三项指标,即最小致死量致病鸡胚平均死亡时间（ＭＤＴ）、１日龄雏鸡脑内接种致病指数（ＩＣＰＩ）和６周龄非免疫雏鸡静脉接种致病指数（ＩＶＰＩ）＾「１」等加以评价。作者从实验室分离到的１１株鹅副粘病毒中选取了其中的３株,即ＨＧ９７Ｃ５、ＹＧ９７Ｆ１１、ＹＧ９８－２Ｃ４,按照新城疫病毒毒力判定的标准方法进行了一系列病性试验,结果３株鹅副粘病毒的ＭＤＴ分别为５６．７、５２．０、５３．２,ＩＣＰＩ分别为１．６４、１．６９、１．７０,ＩＶＰＩ分别为１．６２、２．６、２．６,表明这３株鹅副粘病毒均具有与新城疫病毒速发型相类似的毒力。同时,我们也应用鹅胚和鹅按照研究新城疫病毒毒力的方法进行了相应的毒力试验,结果,这３株鹅副粘病毒最小致死量致死１３日龄鹅胚的平均死亡时间分别为６８．８、６７     

Latitudinal variability in the seroprevalence of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in non-migrant and Arctic migratory geese

Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular coccidian parasite found worldwide and is known to infect virtually all warm-blooded animals. It requires a cat (family Felidae) to complete its full life cycle. Despite the absence of wild felids on the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard, T. gondii has been found in resident predators such as the arctic fox and polar bear. It has therefore been suggested that T. gondii may enter this ecosystem via migratory birds. The objective of this study was to identify locations where goose populations may become infected with T. gondii, and to investigate the dynamics of T. gondii specific antibodies. Single blood samples of both adults and juveniles were collected from selected goose species (Anser anser, A. brachyrhynchus, Branta canadensis, B. leucopsis) at Arctic brood-rearing areas in Russia and on Svalbard, and temperate wintering grounds in the Netherlands and Denmark (migratory populations) as well as temperate brood-rearing grounds (the Netherlands, non-migratory populations). A modified agglutination test was used on serum, for detection of antibodies against T. gondii. Occasional repeated annual sampling of individual adults was performed to determine the antibody dynamics. Adults were found seropositive at all locations (Arctic and temperate, brood-rearing and wintering grounds) with low seroprevalence in brood-rearing birds on temperate grounds. As no juvenile geese were found seropositive at any brood-rearing location, but nine month old geese were found seropositive during spring migration we conclude that geese, irrespective of species and migration, encounter T. gondii infection in wintering areas. In re-sampled birds on Svalbard significant seroreversion was observed, with 42% of seropositive adults showing no detectable antibodies after 12 months, while the proportion of seroconversion was only 3%. Modelled variation of seroprevalence with field data on antibody longevity and parasite transmission suggests seroprevalence of a population within a range of 5.2–19.9%, in line with measured values. The high occurrence of seroreversion compared to the low occurrence of seroconversion hampers analysis of species- or site-specific patterns, but explains the absence of an increase in seroprevalence with age and the observed variation in antibody titre. These findings imply that even though infection rate is low, adults introduce T. gondii to the high Arctic ecosystem following infection in temperate regions.     

小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响

[目的]研究在小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶对肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平的影响。[方法]以1日龄健康肉用雏鹅为材料,采用单因子随机化设计,分6组分别饲喂玉米型、小麦型饲粮及添加不同浓度木聚糖酶的小麦饲粮,测定血液中血糖和血清总蛋白的含量。[结果]小麦饲粮中添加木聚糖酶能够提高肉鹅血糖和血清总蛋白水平,添加量为0.2%时效果最佳,高于玉米对照组水平;对血清蛋白浓度,0.2%添加组与小麦组和玉米组的差异均达到显著水平。[结论]在饲料中添加木聚糖可提高肉鹅的生产水平。     

种鹅反季节生产方式下蛋子瘟综合防控技术

鹅蛋子瘟是规模化种鹅生产中一种常发、多发性传染病,该病在反季节生产时表现尤为严重,常给种鹅生产带来很大的经济损失.要搞好种鹅反季节生产方式下蛋子瘟的有效防控,必须按照家禽传染病的防治原则,结合种鹅蛋子瘟发病特点进行科学防控.同时要针对夏季气候特点,搞好种鹅的饲养管理和水质控制,采取多方面有针对性的措施,才能取得较好的效果.