哺乳动物胃肠道发育特征和早期营养调控研究进展

对哺乳动物胃肠道发育的研究已经超过三十年，但新生儿患胃肠道功能障碍以及由此引发的并发症的几率依然很高，如食物消化不良、生长缓慢、坏死性小肠结肠炎、吸收障碍综合症和腹泻等。此前的综述文章主要论述营养素以及调控因子对胃肠道形态与功能发育的影响，因此，本文在阐述胃肠道形态和功能发育特征的基础上，论述营养素对胃肠道发育的调控作用以及影响机制，揭示营养素和胃肠道发育的生理相关性以及潜在的早期营养调控措施。     

HSP27 as a biomarker for predicting skin irritation in human skin

AIM：To discover the novel endpoints for skin irritation responses by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomics. METHODS：2DE-based proteomics was used to analyze the protein expression in human skin exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), 10-undecenoic acid (UA) and 3,3-dithiodipropionic acid (DA) following the test protocol of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM). The altered protein expression was validated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. RESULTS：Heat-shock protein 27 (HSP27) was up-regulated most significantly among the 8 identified proteins, consistent with the results of Western blotting. CONCLUSION：HSP27 may represent a potential marker or additional endpoint for the hazard assessment of skin irritation caused by chemical products.     

Effect of diets differing in fat content on chronic diarrhea in cats

Background: Fat‐restricted diets have been advocated for dogs with diarrhea for many years. Recommendations for cats with diarrhea have varied between low‐fat and high‐fat diets, but there have been no published studies to support either recommendation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical responses of cats with chronic diarrhea to dietary management using either a high fat or a low fat, highly digestible diet. Animals: Sixty pet cats with chronic diarrhea were recruited; 55 cats completed the study. Methods: Randomized, double‐blinded, controlled clinical trial. Upon completion of baseline measures, cats were fed 1 of 2 diets for 6 weeks, during which the owners recorded fecal scores daily using an illustrated fecal score chart ranging from 0 (very watery) to 100 (firm and dry). After 6 weeks, cats were reevaluated by the attending veterinarians. Results: Fecal scores improved significantly, with 78.2% of cats improving by at least 25 points on the 100‐point scale or having a final fecal score of at least 66. Over one third of the cats developed normal stools. There were no differences in clinical responses between the diets. Clinical improvement was noted within the 1st week, and maximized within 3 weeks. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results show that dietary management can be helpful in cats with chronic diarrhea, but dietary fat content does not appear to affect the outcome. Cats that do not respond within 3 weeks should be evaluated further.     

加米霉素注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察加米霉素注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔8只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为加米霉素注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:150 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔24只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入6、12、30 mg/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成血细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物加米霉素注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明加米霉素注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。