A survey of gastro-intestinal parasitic infection in domestic and wild birds in Chittagong and Greater Sylhet,Bangladesh

A survey of gastrointestinal parasitic infection as determined by faecal examination was conducted among domestic and wild birds in Bangladesh. Birds were sampled from households, wet markets and wetlands in Chittagong and Greater Sylhet districts during April 2012 to February 2013. Mist nets were used to catch resident wild and migratory birds. The overall prevalence of parasitic infection ranged among locations from 25 to 55% in indigenous domestic ducks (live bird samples = 304), 20% in resident wild birds (environmental faecal samples = 40) and 40% in migratory birds (live bird samples = 35). The prevalence of parasitic infection was significantly higher in indigenous domestic ducks collected during summer (39%) than winter (22%) (p = 0.04). In domestic indigenous ducks and Muscovy ducks, both single and multiple types of parasitic infections were found. However, other domestic birds and wild birds often had a single type of parasitic infection. Ascaridia spp. with an average egg load of 50–900, was commonly detected in faecal samples of domestic and wild birds in this study. Other identified parasites were Capillaria spp. and Heterakis spp. both in domestic and wild birds. Improvement of biosecurity measures for household duck farms through educating and motivating household farmers could help mitigate the effects of parasitic infection on production.     

Effects of soybean meal based diet on growth performance, gut histopathology and intestinal microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Effects of soybean meal (SBM) based diet on growth performance, histology of the intestinal epithelium and on the gut microbiota of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were investigated on two trials lasting for 8 weeks (Trial I) and 18 weeks (Trial II). The microbiological characterization was done both with conventional plating techniques, biochemical profiling and length heterogeneity analysis of PCR amplified 16S rDNA (LH-PCR).Typical histological changes were found after 18 weeks of SBM feeding (Trial II). Mean height of simple foldings were significantly higher within the group fed with fish meal (FM) based diet. These changes were not, however, reflected in the appearance, behavior and weight gain of the fish, although the feed conversion rate (FCR) was higher, compared to fish fed with the traditional FM feed.In both SBM and FM groups the counts of cultivable intestinal bacteria dropped within the first 4 weeks of feeding (Trial I). Subsequently, the bacterial numbers increased in the FM group, but not in the SBM group by the 8th week of the trial. The LH-PCR data suggested also that diet-related qualitative changes in the microbiota had occurred (Trial II). The main identified bacteria were mainly representatives of the genera Aeromonas, Sphingomonas and Chryseomonas, and among the lactic acid bacteria, Lactococcus and Lactobacillus.Future research will be directed to the identification and eventual elimination the SBM-associated factors involved in the inflammatory responses and unfavorable FCR, in particular by modifying the intestinal microbiota.     

Response of European starlings to menthone derivatives: evidence for stereochemical differences in repellency

The present experiments were designed to identify inexpensive substitutes for -pulegone, an effective vertebrate repellent. In experiment 1, European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) were presented with -pulegone and 12 additional menthone derivatives in one-cup tests. No derivative was as effective as -pulegone. In experiment 2, starlings were presented with -pulegone, -pulegone and -pulegone in onecup tests. -pulegone was as aversive as -pulegone, and both -pulegone and -pulegone were more aversive than -pulegone. More extensive evaluation of -pulegone as a vertebrate repellent appears warranted.     

Effect of aqueous Euphorbia hirta leaf extract on gastrointestinal motility

The aqueous leaf extract of Euphorbia hirta decreased the gastrointestinal motility in normal rats and decreased the effect of castor oil-induced diarrhoea in mice.     

《中华胃肠外科杂志》2002～2004年载文著者分析

应用文献计量学方法,分析《中华胃肠外科杂志》2002～2004年载文著者的情况。     

咪唑苯脲注射液特殊安全性试验研究

通过豚鼠、新西兰大白兔的皮肤致敏、皮肤刺激、肌肉刺激、红细胞溶血试验,考察咪唑苯脲注射液的安全性。试验用新西兰大白兔6只进行皮肤刺激,染毒剂量为咪唑苯脲注射液0.5 mL/只(规格:1211.5 mg/mL);用白化豚鼠进行皮肤致敏试验,按0.5 mL/kg剂量,以豚鼠背部左侧皮肤进行染毒;用新西兰大白兔8只,进行肌肉刺激试验,在右侧股四头肌注入0.1、0.2、0.5 mL/kg bw,左侧股四头肌注入同样体积的灭菌0.9%氯化钠溶液作对照;用新西兰大白兔2只,进行红细胞溶血试验,采用体外试管法进行,采心脏血50 mL,制成红细胞悬液,加入受试药物原液温育3 h。结果显示,皮肤刺激试验:受试物咪唑苯脲注射液各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;皮肤致敏试验:受试药物组和阴性对照组豚鼠的皮肤过敏反应率为0;肌肉刺激试验:给予受试物各个时间点的刺激反应积分均值为0;红细胞溶血试验:受试药物及阴性对照在3 h内红细胞全部下沉,上清液体均为澄明,溶液中未见棕红色或红棕色絮状沉淀。试验表明,咪唑苯脲注射剂无皮肤刺激性、不出现过敏反应、无肌肉刺激性、无溶血和凝聚作用,临床上可以肌肉注射使用。     

布舍瑞林注射液过敏性、溶血性及刺激性研究

本研究旨在通过过敏性、体外溶血性及肌肉刺激性评价布舍瑞林注射液的安全性。过敏性试验和溶血性试验中设立阴性和阳性对照，而刺激性试验中采用自身对照。试验过程中，对照系统均成立。Hartley豚鼠隔日腹腔连续3次注射给予布舍瑞林注射液(2μg/只),末次致敏后第14和21天分别静脉注射2倍致敏剂量供试品激发进行主动全身过敏试验，结果为阴性；同样的给药剂量，末次致敏后第10天，皮内注射给予对应的抗体血清，静脉注射激发后未见蓝斑，豚鼠被动皮肤过敏反应结果为阴性。采用2%红细胞悬液进行体外溶血性试验，温育15 min、30 min、45 min、1 h、2 h、3 h各观察1次，布舍瑞林注射液和阴性对照组所有试管未见溶血，终末未见红细胞凝集，而阳性对照组全部溶血。新西兰兔连续肌肉注射给予布舍瑞林注射液(0.5 mL/只),末次给药72 h后，病理组织学检查可见对新西兰兔股四头肌有刺激作用，恢复期结束未见刺激性反应，具有可逆性。研究结果表明，布舍瑞林注射液无过敏性和溶血性，对肌肉有刺激性但停药后可恢复，在应用过程中是安全的。     

过硫酸氢钾复合物粉质量研究

为了考察过硫酸氢钾复合物粉的质量特性,通过水中溶解度、水中有效氯稳定性、金属腐蚀性、局部刺激性以及对目标病原微生物的杀灭效果等试验,对过硫酸氢钾复合物粉进行质量研究.结果表明,过硫酸氢钾复合物粉在水中的最大溶解度可达到60.0 g/L,且其溶液有效氯的稳定性可达10天左右.过硫酸氢钾复合物粉溶液对不锈钢无腐蚀作用,但是...