茶树胆碱单加氧酶CsCMO的克隆及甜菜碱合成关键基因的表达分析

【目的】从茶树中克隆甜菜碱（GB）合成途径中的关键酶——胆碱单加氧酶CsCMO,研究不同逆境胁迫和不同抗寒茶树品种间GB合成中关键基因的表达模式,并分析茶树体内GB的含量,为茶树抗性育种奠定基础。【方法】采用反转录PCR结合RACE技术,从茶树中克隆CsCMO的全长cDNA序列,并对其进行生物信息学分析,结合前期克隆得到的茶树甜菜碱醛脱氢酶CsBADH,用实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）方法分析这2个基因的表达模式,紫外分光光度计测定GB含量。【结果】克隆得到茶树CsCMO（GenBank登录号：JX050146）的cDNA全长1 558 bp,包含1 305 bp的完整开放阅读框（ORF）,编码434个氨基酸,并被定位在叶绿体上。氨基酸序列分析表明,CsCMO含有CMO中保守的Rieske型2Fe-2S结构域和单分子非血红素Fe结合位点,与其它植物CMO序列相似性在50%以上;进化树分析显示,它与枸杞的关系最近。qRT-PCR分析表明,4℃低温、NaCl盐和ABA处理均能诱导CsCMO和CsBADH表达,96 h内随着处理时间的增加,表达量呈增加趋势,但2个基因的表达模式有差异,盐胁迫诱导基因表达更显著;在不同抗寒品种中,2个基因的表达在抗性强的品种中表达量总体要高于抗性弱的品种,且CsBADH的变化比CsCMO的显著。3种胁迫处理48 h后,叶片中的GB含量均增加;低温处理后抗寒性强的品种中GB含量比抗寒性弱的高。【结论】克隆了茶树CsCMO,在低温、NaCl盐以及ABA处理下,GB积累,CsBADH和CsCMO上调表达,且盐胁迫下的表达更明显,表明GB与茶树抵御这3种胁迫关系密切。     

常规稻及小麦种子质量标注方面存在的问题探析

通过分析国家技术监督局颁布的GB4404.1-1996标准,指出法规种子定义的不明确性以及企业种子纯度标注和企业种子发芽率标注方面存在的问题。认为应修改与完善同《种子法》相配套的法规或标准,加大种子监管执法力度;同时各种子生产企业也要严以自律,以确保种子产业持续健康发展。     

不同外源调节物质对不同耐旱性玉米自交系的干旱缓解效应分析

以旱敏感玉米自交系TS141为试材,在苗期以20%PEG模拟干旱胁迫处理,添加5种不同浓度外源甜菜碱(GB)或脯氨酸(Pro),以蒸馏水和干旱胁迫分别作为正向(CK+)、负向(CK-)对照处理,筛选得到对玉米苗期干旱胁迫缓解效果最佳的处理浓度:30μmol·L^-1 GB或400μmol·L^-1 Pro。以最佳浓度外源GB或Pro对干旱胁迫下的耐旱玉米自交系昌7-2和旱敏感玉米自交系TS141幼苗进行处理,比较分析两种耐旱性不同玉米自交系的生长参数、生理特性、气孔特性及叶片解剖结构。结果表明:外源GB或Pro可有效缓解玉米幼苗干旱胁迫损伤,恢复生理生化代谢稳态,外源GB对干旱胁迫的缓解效应强于外源Pro;TS141在添加外源GB后各生长参数均显著升高且叶片细胞结构明显恢复并排列整齐,而添加外源Pro后苗长并未出现显著变化且叶片细胞结构未发现明显差异;昌7-2在添加外源GB后脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD、CAT活性分别下降47.01%、26.33%、15.00%、66.08%,但添加外源Pro后只分别下降27.74%、17.65%、11.45%、4...     

国家标准GB/T 21316—2007测定动物源性食品中磺胺类药物残留量的不确定度评定

对国家标准GB/T 21316—2007测定动物源性食品中磺胺类药物残留量的测量不确定度进行评定。根据《测量不确定度评定与表示》(JJF 1059.1—2012)和《化学分析中不确定度的评估指南》(CNAS-GL006:2019)中的规定,建立测定鳗鱼肉中磺胺残留量测定的数学模型,根据测量不确定度的来源,以磺胺甲基嘧啶为例,对各个不确定度分量进行评定和分析。评定结果表明,当样品磺胺甲基嘧啶含量检测结果为10.4μg/kg时,扩展不确定度为3.4μg/kg。不确定度按照从大到小排列,依次为标准曲线最小二乘法拟合、测量重复性、回收率、标准溶液制备、LC/MS/MS定量重复性、样品定容、样品称量。     

关于GB/T 3216标准中性能的判定

探讨了ISO9906和GB／T3216标准中有关流量、扬程、效率和NPSHR的判定问题。以标准中性能保证值判定为基础，分析了标准中性能满足的保证条件，分别提出了流量、扬程、效率和NPSHR的判定的数学表达式，解决了计算机辅助试验中计算机判定的技术难题。比较了新、旧标准判别方法的优缺点，为进一步理解和贯彻实施这些标准将起到积极作用。     

优质杂交晚稻金优38选育背景及优质杂交稻选育方法的探讨

介绍了国标一级杂交晚稻金优38的选育经过及特征特性。以选育金优38为例总结了选育优质水稻品种的5点经验:建立亲本性状标示档案、设计切实可行的育种思路、聚合选择法的合理应用、量化选择与性状选择相结合、严格的品种比较试验。     

Termite resistance of biobased composition boards made from cotton byproducts and guayule bagasse

Large quantities of cotton gin byproducts (CGB), also known as cotton gin trash or cotton gin waste, are being produced across the cotton belt of the United States annually. Similarly, guayule wastes after rubber latex production is expected to increase as this industry begins to expand. Use of these waste materials in value-added products can help the economics of the crops and aid in alleviating waste management issues and environmental problems. Conventional wood preservatives used to protect wood from insect and microbial damage are of concern to human health and the environment. Guayule bagasse (GB) has been shown to have termite control properties, and a combination of cotton gin and guayule wastes could also have such valuable properties. An initial study evaluating the physical and mechanical properties of boards produced from these two biomasses was published in 2009, this study is a continuation focusing on the termite resistance of boards produced. Thus, the objective of this research was to determine the termite resistance property of experimental composition boards made from CGB and GB. Composition boards were made from five different ratios of CGB to GB: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100 (C100, C75-G25, C50-G50, C25-G75, and G100, respectively). Additionally, three-layered boards (3-layer) consisting of 25% GB (upper layer), 50% CGB (middle layer), and 25% GB (bottom layer) were made. For comparison, a commercial southern pine lumber board (SPB), a commercial oriented strandboard (OSB), and a commercial preservative treated medium density fiberboard (MDF) were included in the testing. This testing was an extension of a previous study where the mechanical properties of the CGB and GB composition boards were compared to select commercial standards. Five specimens were cut from each of the nine different board treatments and tested using Eastern subterranean termites. Weight loss, termite survival days, and visual grade of each specimen were determined according to testing standards. Results confirmed good termite control quality for boards made from GB alone. Boards containing CGB to GB ratios of 75-25 and 50-50 obtained similar termite resistance as the commercial OSB based on the total weight loss and one-week termite mortality rate. Visual grading of tested specimens revealed all six CGB and GB composition boards and the treated MDF showed better rating than the commercial OSB and pine lumber. No differences were noted among the total termite surviving days for the six CGB and GB composition boards. Overall, the biobased CGB and GB boards showed promise with the boards containing GB exhibiting improved termite resistance properties than SPB and OSB.     

国标《农药中文通用名称》中的错误订正建议

通过对GB 4839—2009《农药中文通用名称》的研习,发现该标准中农药中文通用名称、汉语拼音、菌种拉丁名和病毒种英文名存在许多错误和不规范之处。根据个人看法,提出了对这些错误和不规范之处的订正参考意见;对科技期刊编辑怎样正确应用该标准提出了建议。