Anesthetic concentrations in enclosed chambers using an innovative delivery device

OBJECTIVE: To quantify factors influencing anesthetic concentration when an innovative anesthetic delivery device (vapor wand) was used with enclosed chambers. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized study. METHODS: Two experimental chambers (57.4 and 171 L) were constructed. Anesthetic volumes necessary to reach a target concentration of 3% or 5% isoflurane with complete vaporization were calculated for each chamber. After centering the distal end of the vapor wand and multi-orifice sampler, each chamber was sealed. Air (450 mL) was cycled through the vapor wand in a to-and-fro fashion with an electric, modified air pump at either 20 or 40 cycles minute(-1). Samples taken at 30-second intervals were analyzed for isoflurane concentration. Times to reach 2.8% isoflurane concentration were compared for eight treatment combinations replicated three times. Curves were constructed to display the rate of rise to endpoint concentration. Analysis of variance was applied to the data. RESULTS: Chamber size, pump stroke rate, and target isoflurane concentration all affected time to reach 2.8%, and their three-way interaction was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Generally time to 2.8% was less with small chambers, more rapid pumping and a target concentration of 5%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: When a wild or aggressive animal is presented for clinical veterinary care, introduction of a vapor wand into its cage offers a safer, more convenient, and less stressful alternative for anesthesia than transfer to an induction chamber. By quantifying factors affecting the rate of rise of anesthetic concentration with its use in experimental chambers, this study should promote greater safety and predictability when used clinically. This information will be useful when anesthetic induction needs to be hastened or delayed depending on the responses of the patient and the clinical judgment of the anesthetist.     

AMPK对动物营养代谢的调节作用

AMPK是一种能被腺苷一磷酸(AMP)激活的蛋白激酶。该酶的作用底物包括β—羟基—β甲基—戊二酸单酰CoA还原酶(HMGR) ,乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC) ,激素敏感脂酶(HSL) ,糖原合成酶。当细胞能量被耗竭、腺苷一磷酸/腺苷三磷酸比(AMP/ATP)增加时 ,AMPK被活化 ,继而通过调节上述底物酶而改变脂类和碳水化合物代谢 ,使其朝着抑制ATP消耗过程、促进ATP生成反应的方向进行 ,从而使细胞能量得到迅速恢复。AMPK的这种“燃料开关“作用在动物抵御和适应环境应激的过程中起着重要作用。AMPK可能参与家畜应激营养代谢及营养代谢疾病的调节     

甘南牧区草畜供求动态变化与调控——以阿孜畜牧试验场为例

甘南牧区不仅是我国重要的畜牧业生产基地,而且是黄河上游的重要水源涵养地.过牧超载导致天然草地退化,严重影响牧区的可持续发展.以甘南州玛曲县的阿孜畜牧试验场为例,分析了2008和2009年天然草地的可食牧草产量、放牧家畜承载量等方面的动态变化.研究结果表明,2009年阿孜畜牧试验场产草量有所增加,月均产草量较2008年提...     

临泽县畜牧业发展现状、问题及对策

畜牧业是临泽县农民增收致富的主导产业,为了加快推进畜牧产业发展,进一步提升畜禽标准化规模化养殖水平,真正把临泽县建成全省高产优质肉牛、奶牛、生猪生产大县。本文通过分析全县畜禽养殖业发展的现状和发展过程中存在的现实问题,从调整产业结构,强化政策扶持,培育龙头企业,健全质量体系,拓宽销售市场等方面提出了在新形势下加快全县畜牧业发展的基本思路。     

瘦素调控动物生殖活动的研究进展

瘦素是白色脂肪细胞分泌的一种分子量为１６ｋＤａ的分泌型蛋白激素,具有调控动物机体能量代谢平衡和体重的生物学作用。此外,作为机体的能量代谢信号,瘦素对动物初情期的启动和正常发情周期的维持 、生殖器官和生殖腺的发育等生殖活动和生殖机能均起着非常重要的调节作用。由于它的受体存在于多种生殖器官上,瘦素可在生殖轴的不同水平对生殖活动予以调节。瘦素在正丘脑水平对于生殖活动的调节可能是其直接作用于ＧｎＲＨ神经元     

Development of a lameness model in sheep for assessing efficacy of analgesics

Objective To develop a lameness model to assess the efficacy of analgesics for alleviating pain, swelling and systemic signs of inflammation in sheep. Procedures The response to subcutaneous injection of 0.1 or 0.2 mL turpentine in a forelimb pastern (n = 4 ewes per dose) was examined at 0, 3, 6, 24, 48 and 72 h. In a second experiment, responses were measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h in ewes receiving 0.1 mL turpentine ± meloxicam 1 mg/kg IV at 0 h (n = 6 per group). Responses measured included forceplate pressure, skin temperature, limb circumference, nociception, leucocyte count, neutrophil : lymphocyte ratio, haptoglobin and daily feed intake. Results Turpentine injection caused a decrease in weight borne on the treated limb, increased skin temperature, increased sensitivity at the injection site and leucocytosis by 2 h and increased limb circumference by 4 h. Weight borne and sensitivity of the injected limb returned to control levels after around 24 h, whereas tissue swelling, elevated skin temperature and elevated haptoglobin levels persisted for at least 72 h. Treatment with meloxicam improved weight borne by and tolerance to pressure exerted on the turpentine‐injected limb. Conclusions The local and systemic signs of inflammation and pain, temporary reduction in function of the affected limb and partial amelioration of some of these changes by the dose of meloxicam used here suggest that injection of turpentine in the lower forelimb provides a suitable model for examining the efficacy of analgesics for alleviation of pain and inflammation in sheep.     

Phase II clinical evaluation of lomustine chemotherapy for feline vaccine‐associated sarcoma

Treatment of feline vaccine‐associated sarcoma (VAS) is challenging, in part due to the high likelihood of tumour recurrence despite aggressive local therapy. Lomustine is potentially an attractive agent to add to the current treatment armamentarium. In this de‐escalating phase I/II prospective trial, 28 cats with measurable VAS were treated at target dosages of 38–60 mg m^?2 every 3 weeks until disease progression. The overall response rate was 25%, with a median progression‐free survival and median duration of response of 60.5 and 82.5 days, respectively. Haematologic toxicity, specifically cumulative neutropenia, was significant, and dose reductions and treatment delays were common. Although these data support further investigation of lomustine for the treatment of VAS, safe, multidosing protocols must first be determined.     

青岛市畜禽粪污土地承载力及粪便资源化利用策略

根据青岛市畜牧业和种植业实际情况,测算了该市畜禽粪污土地承载力,分析了青岛市畜禽粪便资源化利用存在的主要问题,提出了合理规划产业布局、发展种养结合、完善财政投入和补贴机制、发展专业化服务组织、加快技术研发和示范推广及完善信息化监管手段等方面的对策建议,以期为优化调整畜牧业布局、促进种养结合、推进畜禽粪污资源化利用、引导畜牧业绿色发展提供理论依据。     

Improvement and retardation of wound healing: effects of pharmacological agents in laboratory animal studies

Impaired wound healing is an important problem; retardation of healing may be induced by endogenous and/or exogenous factors and treatments capable of ameliorating these effects are needed. The effects of solutions containing light ichthyol or povidone iodine, of ointments containing zinc oxide (ZO) and/or cod liver oil (CLO), and of a polyurethane-hydrogel foam wound dressing were examined on healing of full-thickness murine skin wounds impaired by systemic dexamethasone. The effects of the ointments were also studied on murine skin ulceration induced by subcutaneous sodium dodecyl sulphate solution. Light ichthyol at 1% and 2% but not at 5% and 10%, povidone iodine at 1% and the foam accelerated impaired healing. The ointments containing ZO or CLO accelerated healing of impaired full-thickness wounds and of ulcerated skin; ZO and CLO were synergistic. These studies demonstrate the value of murine models in the evaluation of agents employed in veterinary wound dressings.