氮钾肥不同比例分段追施对日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培产量与品质的影响

以尿素和硫酸钾为N、K肥源,采用有机基质进行日光温室番茄越冬长季节栽培,考察N、K肥(N:K2O)不同比例分段追施对番茄果实品质的影响。试验按追肥方案不同设分段追肥与对照两个处理,分段追肥处理追肥比例依次为座果期N:K2O=1:1(3次)、采收初期N:K2O=1:1.2(3次)、采收中期N:K2O=1:1.4(3次)、采收末期N:K2O=1:1.2(两次),对照则始终按N:K2O=1:1.2(11次)进行处理。结果表明:两种试验处理对番茄植株形态指标影响不大,分段追肥处理增加了番茄茎粗,但差异并不显著;两种处理对番茄总座果穗数影响不大,但分段追肥却显著增加了有效果穗率从而增加了番茄有效果穗数;从整个采收期来看,分段追肥处理显著增加了番茄座果数与单果重,从而显著增加了番茄产量;两种处理在采收初期对番茄果实品质影响差异不显著,分段追肥处理在采收末期显著增加了果实中Vc含量,采收末期番茄果实品质的各项指标含量均高于同处理下采收初期的指标含量。     

A short review of the fruit germplasm resources of Turkey

Turkey is one of the most significant and unique countries in the world from the point of view of plant genetic resources and plant diversity. Over 85 fruit species, including almost all the deciduous fruit species, most of the subtropical and some tropical fruit are grown. Matters regarding their distribution within the provinces, nomenclature, characteristics, ethnobotanical aspects and uses are discussed, as well as knowledge about the germplasm of those species of greater economic importance, namely Malus spp., Pyrus spp., Cydonia spp., Crataegus spp., Sorbus spp., Amygdalus spp., Prunus spp., Castanea sativa L., Coryllus spp., Pistacia spp., Juglans regia L., Ribes spp., Ficus spp., Morus spp., Punica granatum L., Rubus spp., Rosa spp., Fragaria spp., Cornus mas L. and Olea spp. Several tables and distribution maps of some fruit species in Turkey are included.     

果蔬减压干燥试验

该文对减压干燥的机理进行了探讨,在试验的基础上,分析了几种果蔬的减压干燥过程及其特点,并与热风干燥进行了比较。     

Habitat selection of endangered and endemic large flying-foxes in Subic Bay, Philippines

Large flying-foxes in insular Southeast Asia are the most threatened of the Old World fruit bats due to high levels of deforestation and hunting and effectively little local conservation commitment. The forest at Subic Bay, Philippines, supports a rare, large colony of vulnerable Philippine giant fruit bats (Pteropus vampyrus lanensis) and endangered and endemic golden-crowned flying-foxes (Acerodon jubatus). These large flying-foxes are optimal for conservation focus, because in addition to being keystone, flagship, and umbrella species, the bats are important to Subic Bay’s economy and its indigenous cultures. Habitat selection information streamlines management’s efforts to protect and conserve these popular but threatened animals. We used radio telemetry to describe the bats’ nighttime use of habitat on two ecological scales: vegetation and microhabitat. The fruit bats used the entire 14,000 ha study area, including all of Subic Bay Watershed Reserve, as well as neighboring forests just outside the protected area boundaries. Their recorded foraging locations ranged between 0.4 and 12 km from the roost. We compared the bats’ use to the availability of vegetative habitat types, riparian areas, and bat trees. The fruit bats’ locations showed a preference for undisturbed forest types and selection against disturbed and agricultural areas. Bat locations also showed selection for particular fruiting/flowering bat trees. The bats showed strong preference for riparian areas; locations were in riparian areas over four times more than expected. From these results we recommend that management focus flying-fox conservation efforts on undisturbed forest and riparian areas.     

天然防腐剂在果蔬保鲜涂料中的应用

采用适当的方法从中草药中提取有效成分，并将其与被膜剂复合。针对各种常见水果病菌，采用平板抑菌试验筛选出５种具有显著抑菌能力的药种，进而用最低抑制发育浓度试验比较了各药种对不同病菌的抑制作用，为天然防腐剂在果蔬保鲜涂料中应用提供了依据。     

果树诱变育种研究进展

综述了物理、化学和空间诱变的原理及其在果树上的应用研究进展。经过七十多年的发展,果树诱变的手段、诱变剂的选择、分离筛选和鉴定技术已经成熟并被广泛应用,果树诱变育种体系日趋完善,并获得很多优良性状或品种。采用γ射线辐射、低能离子注入、激光诱变、空间诱变及复合诱变对相应品种(系)进行系统的诱变研究必将会在果树育种研究中起到更加重要的作用。     

纽荷尔脐橙果实生长规律Logistic模型探究

在纽荷尔脐橙花期用不同生长调节剂进行处理,然后采用Logistic模型拟合了其果实体积生长动态。结果表明:各个处理的拟合模型的相关系数均达到了极显著水平;根据所拟合的Logistic曲线的两个特征点,将纽荷尔脐橙果实体积生长划分为3个阶段:幼果期、果实膨大期、果实成熟期。     

施用强根素对蓝莓生长及品质的影响

试验以辽宁省果树科学研究所大棚栽培的5年生‘北陆’蓝莓等为材料,研究强根素对蓝莓生长、产量和品质的影响。结果显示,强根素处理对蓝莓树体生长、产量提高和品质改善有促进作用。萌芽至现蕾期、果实膨大至转色期和果实采后施用3次的效果最好,其次为萌芽至现蕾期和果实膨大至转色期施用2次的,施用浓度为15 000倍液。     

杏裂果与矿质元素含量的相关性研究

分析杏裂果与矿质元素含量的相关性,为杏裂果机理的系统研究提供参考,同时为杏生产中合理配肥提供依据。以39 年生树势一致的杏树为试材,株行距3.0 m×4.0 m。试验分析7 种矿质元素对杏裂果的影响。方差分析结果显示,杏裂果与矿质元素含量的相关性大小排列为Ca＞Zn＞Mn＞Fe＞K＞Mg＞ Cu。Ca 元素含量与裂果指数呈现显著的负相关,相关系数较高;而Zn、Mn与裂果指数相关性较低;Fe、K、Mg、Cu元素与裂果指数相关性极低。Ca不足是影响杏裂果的主要因素。     

温室栽培条件下桃、杏果实发育过程中主要营养成分的动态变化

通过对温室条件下早红珠、早红霞2个桃品种和金太阳、凯特2个杏品种果实发育过程中可溶性糖(还原糖、非还原糖)、有机酸和Vc含量的测定,系统分析了它们在整个生长发育过程中的动态变化。结果表明:桃、杏可溶性糖含量随果实的生长而增加,但还原性糖与非还原性糖变化趋势相反。桃、杏有机酸含量的变化趋势不同,桃有机酸含量以幼果期较高,硬核期、成熟期较低;杏有机酸含量以幼果期较高,硬核期降低,之后有一次高峰,成熟时降至最低。桃、杏Vc含量的变化趋势相同,均呈“V”形变化曲线,幼果期、成熟期较高,硬核期较低。