苎麻人工种子在不同条件下的发芽特性与贮藏特性

本文对苎麻人工种子无菌条件、有菌土壤上的发芽特性及其贮藏特性进行了深入研究。芝麻不定芽人工种子在１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上１００％发芽、１００％生根；无菌滤纸上７１％发芽、２９％生根；在胶囊内添１００ｕ／ｍｌ青霉素、０．１％ＣＴＭ作为防腐剂制作的人工种子播种到沙石肥土中，有１５．３％发芽、８．２％生根；将低温和液体石蜡相结合贮藏芝麻人工种子１２０ｄ后取出播种到１／４ＭＳ发芽基质上２５％发芽、５％生根。单用低温、液体石蜡都不能长时间贮藏苎麻人工种子。     

莲子豆花加工工艺的研究

研究莲子添加量、料水比和白砂糖添加量等单因素对豆花持水量、凝胶强度、感官和质构的影响,并通过正交试验优化莲子豆花加工工艺。结果表明：莲子豆花最佳工艺为莲子添加量20%,打浆时料水比为1∶10,白砂糖用量为5%,β-环状糊精用量为1.5%,葡萄糖酸-δ-内酯用量为0.2%,凝固温度为78℃,凝固时间为20 min。     

基因型和环境对小麦种子活力的影响

为了明确环境、基因型及其互作对小麦种子活力的影响,以湖北省小麦区域试验三个试点的16个小麦新品种(系)为材料,对收获后的种子进行发芽率、幼苗干重及简易活力指数的计算并进行了统计分析,结果表明:(1)发芽率、幼苗干重及其简易活力指数在地点间、品种(系)间差异均达到了极显著水平,且品种(系)间的差异均比地点间的差异大,发芽率和简易活力指数的地点×品种(系)互作(GEI)间差异也达到了极显著水平。(2)发芽率和简易活力指数以武汉最高,且与其他地点的差异达极显著水平;而幼苗干重则以荆州最高,与武汉差异不显著。(3)鄂麦27和楚0805的发芽率较高,襄麦27和河科大9612的幼苗干重最高,而鄂麦27的简易活力指数最高。(4)简易活力指数与发芽率呈极显著正相关,与幼苗干重呈不显著的正相关,而发芽率与幼苗干重呈不显著的负相关。     

优质高产杂交糯稻新品种嘉糯1优2号高产制种技术

嘉糯1优2号是福建农林大学作物遗传育种研究所选育的优质、高产杂交糯稻新品种,2009年7月通过国家农作物品种审定委员会审定。根据嘉糯1优2号亲本的特征特性,结合制种生产实践,提出了嘉糯1优2号高产制种技术。     

孕穗期冷水胁迫对寒地水稻干物质生产的影响

以黑龙江省30份主栽水稻品种或品系为试材,在孕穗期设置17℃冷水灌溉处理(20d),以常规栽培管理为对照,分析冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响。结果表明,冷水胁迫导致所有试材每穴实粒数、结实率、千粒重和产量下降,并根据相对结实率将试材耐冷性分为1、3、5、7和9级,以7和9级最多,1级最少,分别占总材料的30%和10%。在冷水处理下,全部材料抽穗期至成熟期干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比、收获指数、叶面积指数、剑叶叶基角、剑叶和倒2叶与倒3叶披垂度均下降,但高效叶面积率增加。相关分析表明,冷水处理的相对结实率与收获指数(r=0.96**)、产量(r=0.91**)、粒叶比(r=0.84**)和干物质积累量(r=0.48**)的冷水反应指数(CRI)呈极显著正相关,与群体生长率(r=0.44*)、净同化率(r=0.44*)和干物质积累比例(r=0.43*)的CRI显著正相关。综上,孕穗期冷水胁迫对水稻干物质生产的影响在品种间存在很大差异,在冷水胁迫下耐冷性极强品种(系)干物质积累量及比例、群体生长率、净同化率、粒叶比和收获指数对冷水反应迟钝,这是耐冷性极强品种(系)保持较高产量的重要形态特征和生理原因。     

新世纪中国茶树育种和良种繁育研究进展

本文从茶树育种新技术、茶树遗传资源收集与利用、茶树新品种选育及鉴定、茶树良种繁育与推广等方面综述了进入新世纪以来中国茶树育种与良种繁育的发展。同时讨论了中国茶树育种和良种繁育研究未来发展趋势及需要注意的问题。     

轮叶党参种子中萌发抑制物质活性的研究

以白菜和小麦种子作生物测定,研究了轮叶党参种子中萌发抑制物质的活性。结果表明,轮叶党参种子中存在着活性较强的抑制物质,且抑制物质的活性随着提取液浓度的增加而增加。采用不同溶剂提取轮叶党参抑制物质的活性不同,以甲醇提取液抑制活性最强,乙醚次之,水提取液抑制作用不明显。采用去翅处理和温水浸种能有效去除大部分抑制物质。     

Weed abundance and soil seedbank responses to tillage systems in continuous maize crops

Weed abundance in crops undergoes frequent changes, often due to changes in tillage practices. Annual species, with quick germination, a short vegetative stage, profuse seed production and long-lived seeds become problematic under zero-tillage systems. Portulaca oleracea L. and Amaranthus blitoides L. are widespread weeds in the Mediterranean area, prominent in irrigated crops. We studied the total weed abundance in the field, and specifically these two species (Portulaca oleracea and Amaranthus blitoides) with high frequency of occurrence in monoculture maize, from 2012 to 2014, in the field and soil seedbank. Results showed significant differences between zero-tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems on total weed abundance and relative abundance of Portulaca oleracea. Total weed abundance decreased in ZT plots (from 136 plants m^?2 to 25 and 46 plants m^?2, in 2013 and 2014 respectively). The same trend was observed in Portulaca oleracea recorded in ZT plots, but the abundance of Amaranthus blitoides did not vary in this system. Weed seedling germination and weed seed numbers both of total weed seedbank and Portulaca oleracea, were greater in ZT plots compared to CT, regarding Amaranthus blitoides seedling germination and seed count, the values did not increase with ZT, in continuous maize crops.     

Effects of different levels of soil salinity on yield attributes,accumulation of nitrogen,and micronutrients in Brassica spp.

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on yield attributes as well as nutrient accumulation in different plant parts of seven Brassica cultivars from two different species raised in pot culture experiment with two levels of salinity treatments along with control corresponding to soil electrical conductivity (EC) values of 1.65 (S₀), 4.50 (S₁) and 6.76 (S₂) dS m^?1. The experiment was consisted of twelve replications in a completely randomized design. Imposition of salinity stress affected various yield attributing characters including plant height, which ultimately led to severe yield reduction. However, tolerant cultivars, CS 52 and CS 54 performed better under salt treatment showing lesser yield loss. Salinity stress reduced the nitrogen (N) content in leaves of the Brassica plants, which reflected in decreased seed protein content. Reduced accumulation of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) was observed in leaf, stem and root at flowering and post-flowering stages, while CS 52 and CS 54 showed less reduction than susceptible cultivars under salinity stress.     

檀香实生苗繁育与伴生植物配置关键技术试验

以檀香种子为材料,研究了不同浓度赤霉素、播种基质以及伴生树种对幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:采用1 000 mg/L赤霉素处理种子24h可促进种子发芽,发芽率达85%以上;以砂壤土+竹炭粉为播种基质出苗率最高;利用抛荒龙眼地并以龙眼树作为檀香成林期伴生植物对檀香生长具有促进作用,栽培12个月时测定,檀香树高、地径分别达172.3cm和2.48cm,为抛荒龙眼地重新利用提供新的思路。