Radiographic aspects of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in racing horses

Abnormal pulmonary radiopacities were identified in 13 racing horses in which a diagnosis of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) had been confirmed. The lesions were in the caudal lung lobe in all horses; seven were on the right and three on the left, and the laterality for three could not be determined. In ten horses the opacities, which were large and peripherally located, obliterated the thoracophrenic angle. They merged with the silhouette of the diaphragm and had a circular or ovoid surface directed toward the hilum. The intensity of opacification of the consolidated areas varied, and they often were not sharply marginated. Dorsal displacement of the pulmonary arteries was noted in the region of the radiopacity in seven horses. Varying volumes of pleural effusion were observed in nine horses. Serial radiographic examinations were performed in seven horses. The pulmonary radiopacities cleared within ten days in two horses. In the remaining five horses, gradual resolution, characterized by a reduction in lesion size with improved margination, occurred during several months. The central region of the radiopaque lesion commonly had a patchy appearance, suggesting cavitation. Normal pulmonary vascular and interstitial markings were evident following complete resolution of these lesions. The cause of these abnormal pulmonary opacities has not been determined. Pathologic-radiologic correlations will be required to improve understanding of the pathophysiology of EIPH in the racing horse.     

萨杜湖杂交羊生长性能、羊毛品质及血液生理生化指标测定

为研究萨福克羊×杜泊羊×湖羊杂交羊(萨杜湖杂交羊)生长发育情况及其对当地生态环境的适应能力,采用生产性能常规测定、显微测定和全自动血液生理生化分析仪分别测定了不同年龄阶段萨杜湖杂交羊的体重、体尺指标、羊毛品质(包括不同部位羊毛的净毛率、细度、有髓毛和无髓毛占比、自然长度和伸直长度等指标)和成年羊血液生理生化指标。结果表明:萨杜湖杂交羊早期生长速度较快,初生阶段及周岁时公羊体斜长均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);3月龄时公羊体高、体斜长和胸围均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);6月龄时母羊体重极显著高于公羊(P<0.01),成年时期公羊体重和体高均显著高于母羊(P<0.05);其余各生长阶段内,公母羊间体重及体尺差异不显著(P>0.05)。其成年时平均净毛率较低,为45.21%;长度适中:平均自然长度为4.55cm,伸直长度为6.22cm;细度良好,为17.60μm。公母羊血液生理生化指标及其同国内绵羊参考值相比存在一定的差异,其中母羊血小板总数(PLT)和血小板压积(PCT)均极显著高于公羊(P<0.01),公羊甘油三酯(TG)和白蛋白(ALB)含量显著高于母羊(P<0.05),其余各项指标均无显著差异(P>0.05)。综上所述,萨杜湖杂交羊在生长发育等方面都有不同程度的改进和提高,本试验结果可为该品种杂交羊进一步开发利用提供参考依据。     

西藏疯草研究进展

通过查阅现有文献资料和实地调查结果表明,西藏共有疯草类有毒植物22种,其中棘豆属植物14种,黄芪属植物8种。疯草对西藏草地畜牧业生产危害十分严重,引起大批牲畜中毒死亡,造成严重经济损失;影响畜种改良,畜群结构严重失衡;破坏草地生态平衡,致使草地退化。西藏目前针对疯草的防除措施主要有人工挖除和应用化学除草剂灭除,并且应用解毒药物和生态控制工程预防和防治牲畜疯草中毒。疯草类植物虽然有毒,但含有较高的粗蛋白和含硫氨基酸,粗纤维含量较低,可作为动物饲料或药物进行开发利用。     

A novel MCT1 and MCT4 dual inhibitor reduces mitochondrial metabolism and inhibits tumour growth of feline oral squamous cell carcinoma

Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) support tumour growth by regulating the transport of metabolites in the tumour microenvironment. High MCT1 or MCT4 expression is correlated with poor outcomes in human patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Recently, drugs targeting these transporters have been developed and may prove to be an effective treatment strategy for HNSCC. Feline oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive and treatment‐resistant malignancy resembling advanced or recurrent HNSCC. The goals of this study were to investigate the effects of a previously characterized dual MCT1 and MCT4 inhibitor, MD‐1, in OSCC as a novel treatment approach for feline oral cancer. We also sought to determine the potential of feline OSCC as a large animal model for the further development of MCT inhibitors to treat human HNSCC. In vitro, MD‐1 reduced the viability of feline OSCC and human HNSCC cell lines, altered glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolism and synergized with platinum‐based chemotherapies. While MD‐1 treatment increased lactate concentrations in an HNSCC cell line, the inhibitor failed to alter lactate levels in feline OSCC cells, suggesting an MCT‐independent activity. In vivo, MD‐1 significantly inhibited tumour growth in a subcutaneous xenograft model and prolonged overall survival in an orthotopic model of feline OSCC. Our results show that MD‐1 may be an effective therapy for the treatment of feline oral cancer. Our findings also support the further investigation of feline OSCC as a large animal model to inform the development of MCT inhibitors and future clinical studies in human HNSCC.     

高职学校畜牧兽医专业实验室管理

为了加强高职院校实验室管理,通过制订和完善实验室管理制度,如实验室技术人员管理、仪器设备的采购和实验用药品的管理、对学生的管理、创新实验项目的实验室管理、实验室网络平台和实验室对外技术服务的管理、病原微生物的保存与处理、病死动物的无害化处理、实验室应急事件处理等措施,实现统筹规划和资源共享,培养学生的实验兴趣,使学生初步掌握畜牧兽医专业实验研究的基本方法和实验操作的基本技能,促进实验室的科学化、规范化、制度化的管理,以达到全面提升学生实践操作技能的目的。     

贵州足球场草坪主要病虫害发生及防治

1998～ 1999年对贵州省足球场草坪病虫害进行了调查研究 ,其主要病虫害有 :锈病、禾草云斑病、褐斑病、禾生腐霉病、粘虫 ,麦二叉蚜等。并阐述了病虫害发生规律及防治技术 ,旨在为足球场草坪病虫害的防治提供参考     

The Response of Cattle and Sheep to Feed Contaminated with Rodent Faeces

On farms where rats and mice are present, unprotected livestock feed may become contaminated with rodent faeces, thereby creating a possible source of infection for cattle and sheep. Livestock unable to avoid contaminated feed may choose to eat it entirely, reject it completely or attempt to reject faeces selectively while consuming some of the feed. Two experiments were conducted to investigate which of these three responses were demonstrated by livestock. Ten cattle and ten sheep were presented individually with three repeats of ten feed treatments. Treatments were based on two feed types (meal and pelleted compound), with three levels of contamination (none, 'low' and 'high'), from one of two rodent species (rat and mouse).Avoidance behaviour was greater for feed contaminated with rat faeces compared to feed contaminated with mouse faeces. At low levels of rat contamination there was evidence that livestock actively rejected faeces whilst consuming feed. At higher levels of contamination animals rejected faeces and feed. Livestock could not actively discriminate against mouse faeces and thus rejection of feed was used to avoid faeces ingestion.Despite rejection of contaminated feed and some discrimination against faeces, significant numbers of rodent faeces were ingested illustrating that livestock feeding behaviour cannot prevent ingestion of rodent faeces. Feed contaminated with rodent faeces therefore poses a significant risk of disease infection to livestock.     

中国草业教育发展史:1.本科教育

中国现代意义上的草业教育是从高等教育开始,由20世纪30年代在大学陆续开设的牧草学、草原学、饲料生产学等单门课程逐步发展、扩大为完整、系统的草业科学专业。70多年来,通过单门课程教学,本、专科专业教学体系初步形成,恢复及完善,本科专业教学体系快速发展和提高4个发展阶段,草业教育由畜牧专业的单门课程发展为独立的二级专业,继由二级专业提升为草业科学一级学科。草业本科教育在内涵提高的同时,其外延也取得了巨大的发展与成就,专业的数量和培养的草业人才大幅度增加,2010年全国共有草业科学本科专业30个,截至2008年底,有专业教师486人,已毕业本专科生14 225名,有在读本科生5 107名,中国成为世界上草业科学专业和学生的数量最多、培养层次最完整、教学指导思想最先进的国家之一,而且,甘肃农业大学的草业科学本科专业是世界上规模最大的本学科本科专业。