3A蛋白间接ELISA试验检测猪口蹄疫感染抗体的研究

用表达的口蹄疫3A蛋白作为包被抗原，建立了间接ELISA试验，对口蹄疫病毒感染血清、免疫血清和其它非口蹄疫病毒血清进行了检测研究。结果表明，3A蛋白间接ELISA试验对口蹄疫具有较好的特异性，可以区分感染口蹄疫病毒的猪血清和疫苗免疫猪血清。     

比较3种间接ELISA试验检测口蹄疫感染抗体的研究

将3种检测口蹄疫非结构蛋白抗体的间接ELISA试验进行了比较。这3种间接ELISA试验检测田间血清样品的最低符合率为96％，最高符合率达98％：有2种间接ELISA试验可以检测到感染口蹄疫第10天后血清中的口蹄疫感染抗体．有1种间接ELISA试验可以检测到感染口蹄疫第14天后血清中的口蹄疫感染抗体；这3种间接ELISA试验检测12份已知口蹄疫阳性血清的试验结果吻合。研究表明．这3种间接ELISA试验方法对于检测口蹄疫感染抗体具有较好的特异性．其中猪口蹄疫3A蛋白间接ELISA诊断试剂盒在灵敏性、特异性和符合率方面更优于另外2种试剂盒。     

History of the control of foot and mouth disease

From the many existing documents on the history of foot and mouth disease, it is possible to describe the practical measures adopted for disease surveillance and control from ancient times until the 20th century.

Surveillance was based on diagnosis or post-mortem examination, and also on knowledge of the conditions under which infection occurred: aetiology, pathogenesis, mode of infection, susceptible species, virulent material, etc. The historical facts are assembled and compared, with comments on each of these points.

Control was based upon the application of isolation, then slaughter or aphtisation, then vaccination. A study of these various procedures makes it possible to compare their efficacy.

Résumé

D'après les nombreux documents existant sur l'histoire de la fièvre aphteuse il est possible de décrire les mesures adoptées pour suivre l'évolution de la maladie et la maîtriser, depuis l'Antiquité jusqu'au XXème siècle.

La surveillance de la maladie était fondée sur le diagnostic clinique ou l'examen des lésions, mais aussi sur la connaissance des condition de l'infection: étiologie, pathogénie, mode de transmission du contage, matières virulentes, etc. Les faits historiques concernant ces différents points sont rassemblés, comparés et commentés.

La maîtrise de la fièvre aphteuse a été assurée soit par des mesures d'isolement, puis d'abattage sanitaire, soit par des opérations d'aphtisation puis de vaccination. L'étude de ces différentes stratégies permet de comparer leur efficacité respective.     

Foot and mouth disease in the Borana pastoral system,southern Ethiopia and implications for livelihoods and international trade

Participatory epidemiology (PE) was used on the Borana plateau of southern Ethiopia to understand pastoralist’s perceptions of the clinical and epidemiological features of foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle. Matrix scoring showed good agreement between informant groups on the clinical signs of acute and chronic FMD, and findings were cross-checked by clinical examination of cattle and assessment of previous clinical FMD at herd level by detection of antibody to non structural proteins of FMD virus. The positive predictive value of pastoralist’s diagnosis of FMD at herd level was 93.1%. The annual age-specific incidence and mortality of acute FMD in 50 herds was estimated using proportional piling. The estimated mean incidence of acute FMD varied from in 18.5% in cattle less than two years of age to 14.0% in cattle three to four years of age. The estimated mean mortality due to acute FMD varied from 2.8% in cattle less than two years of age to 0.3% in cattle three of age or older. Pearson correlation coefficients for acute FMD by age group were −0.12 (p > 0.05) for incidence and −0.59 (p < 0.001) for mortality. Estimates of the annual incidence of chronic FMD varied from 0.2% in cattle less than two years of age to 1.8% in cattle three to four years of age. The Pearson correlation coefficient for the incidence of chronic FMD by age group was 0.47 (p < 0.001). Outbreaks of FMD peaked in Borana cattle during the two dry seasons and were attributed to increased cattle movement to dry season grazing areas. The mean seroprevalence of FMD was estimated at 21% (n = 920) and 55.2% of herds (n = 116) tested seropositive. Serotyping of 120 seropositive samples indicated serotypes O (99.2%), A (95.8%), SAT 2 (80%) and C (67.5%). The endemic nature of FMD in Borana pastoral herds is discussed in terms of the direct household-level impact of the disease, and the increasing export of cattle and chilled beef from Ethiopia.     

Modelling foot-and-mouth disease: a comparison between the UK and Denmark

Whilst the UK 2001 FMD (foot-and-mouth disease) outbreak provides an extremely rich source of spatio-temporal epidemic data, it is not clear how the models and parameters from the UK can be translated to other scenarios. Here we consider how the model framework used to capture the UK epidemic can be applied to a hypothetical FMD outbreak in Denmark. Whilst pigs played a relatively minor role in the UK epidemic (being the infected animal on just 18 farms), they dominate the Danish livestock landscape. In addition, it is not clear whether transmission parameters from the UK will transfer to Denmark where farming practices may be significantly different. We therefore explore a large volume of high-dimensional parameter space, but seek to relate final epidemic size, risk of spread to Danish islands and potential success of control measures, to early indicators of epidemic dynamics. The results of this extensive modelling exercise therefore allow us to provide timely advice on control options based on the observed behaviours of the first few generations.     

贵阳地区家畜口蹄疫免疫抗体监测结果分析

采用LB—ELISA方法对贵阳地区6个种畜场、8个规模养殖场、11户农村散养户和5个屠宰场迭检的826份血清样本进行口蹄疫免疫抗体检测，结果表明：贵阳市家畜口蹄疫免疫抗体的平均合格率为84．6％，达到农业部要求。其中种畜场口蹄疫免疫抗体的平均合格率为97．1％，规模养殖场为92．19，5，农村散养户为72．79，5，屠宰场为63．79，5，免疫抗体合格率的总体趋势为种畜场〉规模场〉散养户〉屠宰场。     

猪群高热症的血清流行病学调查研究

采用血清学试验对贵阳市花溪区某种猪场的95份血清样本进行猪繁殖障碍性疫病血清学检测,以了解猪群免疫水平及疫病感染状况.结果显示,猪群O型口蹄疫（O-FMD）、猪瘟（HC）、猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征（PRRS）、猪伪狂犬病（PR）免疫合格率分别为100％ （33/33）、62.9％（39/62）、14.5％ （9/62）、61.3％ （38/62）,HC、PRRS和PR免疫合格率均未达到农业部要求;通过比较母猪免疫抗体与仔猪母源抗体水平相关性,发现HC与PR首免后抗体保护期维持较短,PRRS免疫不合格;猪群猪圆环病毒病（PC）、猪细小病毒病（PP）隐性感染抗体阳性率分别为70.5％ （67/95）、82.1％（78/95）,隐性感染情况严重.血清流行病学调查结果表明,该猪场应改进HC、PR免疫程序,立即对全群进行PRRS补免,并要高度重视PC和PP的防控。     

武威市肉牛口蹄疫三价苗抗体水平 评估研究

本实验从甘肃省武威市4个县区（凉州区、古浪县、天祝县、民勤县）采集的320份牛血清样品效价进行了检测。中O型抗体检测免疫合格率分别是71.00%,86.30%,80.00%,91.30%,平均合格率为82.15%。检测出亚洲Ⅰ型抗体免疫合格率82.30%,76.30%,70.00%81.30%,平均合格率为77.23%;检测出A型抗体免疫合格率87.75%,93.50%67.30%,76.30%,平均合格率为81.50%。四县区散户肉牛血清样品中O型抗体检测免疫合格率分别：58.80%,61.30%,63.80%,86.30%,平均合格率为67.55%;检测出亚洲Ⅰ型抗体免疫合格率81.00%,75.00%,71.30%,78.80%,平均合格率为76.30%;检测出A型抗体免疫合格率71.00%,77.50%,83.80%,85.00%,平均合格率为79.00%。通过检测结果可以发现武威市肉牛口蹄疫三价苗抗体合格率高于70%,且武威市规模养殖场肉牛口蹄疫三价苗抗体检测合格率高于散养牛的。     

口蹄疫植物疫苗的研究进展

植物疫苗是利用植物表达重组抗原蛋白来生产疫苗。在植物中表达的抗原能够保持其自身的免疫原性。论文简要阐述了近10年来用植物表达系统生产口蹄疫疫苗的研究进展、优缺点及其应用前景。     

Long Toes in the Hind Feet and Pain in the Gluteal Region: An Observational Study of 77 Horses

This study deals with the relationship between long toes in the hind feet and pain in the gluteal region in horses, and the remedial value of trimming/shoeing that moves the breakover point back at the toe. Seventy seven client-owned horses were studied, 67 shod riding horses retrospectively and 10 barefoot broodmares prospectively. The 10 mares were evaluated twice, and 24 of the 67 riding horses were re-evaluated at the next shoeing, for a total of 111 observations. Each horse underwent gluteal palpation and lateral radiographs of both hind feet. Toe length was quantified as breakover distance (BD), the horizontal distance between the tip of the third phalanx and the dorsalmost point at which the wall/shoe was in contact with the ground. The BD was then shortened with trimming +/− shoeing to a length of ≤15mm (shod horses) or ≤20 mm (barefoot horses). The 24 riding horses were re-evaluated 4-6 weeks later and the 10 broodmares 1 week after trimming.