哺乳动物原始卵泡启动和生长的调控机理

从卵泡生长启动的早期指标、调控原始卵泡生长启动的因素等方面综述调控原始卵泡生长启动相关因子的最新进展。     

体外授精-胚胎移植妊娠率与HCG注射日卵泡大小的相关性

目的：探讨体外受精一胚胎移植（in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF—ET）的COS周期中人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）给予日卵泡大小与妊娠率的相关性。方法：将414个IVF／ICSI-ET周期中HCG日最大卵泡径线大小分为A组（〈16．0mm）、B组（16．5～17．5mm）、C组（18．0～19．0mm）、D组（≥19．5mm）,分析其妊娠结局、获卵数、子宫内膜厚度与可利用胚胎数。结果：各组妊娠率分别为：A组17．8％,B组30．1％,C组34．6％,D组20．5％,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,获卵数差异亦有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,子宫内膜厚度比较无统计学差异。结论：体外授精-胚胎移植COS周期中,主导卵泡在16．5～19．0mm时决定给予HCG妊娠率较高。     

半细毛杂种羊毛丛类型及其皮肤组织结构研究

本文将半细毛羊改良过程中出现的主要毛丛类型按形态学进行了分类,并采用连续切片法对其相应的皮肤毛囊性状进行了研究。结果表明：不同的毛丛类型在形态上有显著差异;不同的毛丛类型的皮肤毛囊性状也不同。大尖咀、小尖咀、辫形毛丛和毛丛毛辫形毛丛的总毛囊数分别为２２．４５±３．４８,２７．０２±１．１４,２１．４４±３．１３和２３．２１±３．５７,差异极显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）;Ｓ／Ｐ值分别为５．８１±０．４２,５．５５±０．４２,６．１０±６．４１和５．４９±０．２１;真皮层厚度（ｍｍ）分别为１．４６±０．０８,５．４８±１．５０,１．４７±０．０４和１．３２±０．０４。毛囊性状之间的表型相关显著;毛囊性状与半细毛羊毛品质性状及产毛性状之间的表型相关不显著。     

发情期蓝狐卵泡发育的显微结构观察

[目的]对发情期蓝狐卵巢的组织结构和卵泡发育过程的变化进行研究。[方法]采集发情期蓝狐的左侧卵巢共计10枚,利用光学显微镜对卵巢的组织结构和卵泡的发育过程进行观察,同时利用目镜测微尺和显微照相技术分别对30个原始卵泡3、0个初级卵泡、15个生长卵泡、15个囊状卵泡、15个成熟卵泡及各级卵泡中的卵母细胞进行测量和拍照。[结果]蓝狐卵巢由生殖上皮、白膜、皮质和髓质构成。皮质内分布着大量的间质细胞及不同发育阶段的卵泡,位于卵巢的外周;髓质位于皮质下层,分布着较多的血管。卵泡发育过程中,各级卵泡和卵母细胞的直径差异较大（卵泡为45.45～974.55μm,卵母细胞为30.23～147.27μm）,在初级卵泡阶段出现透明带物质。卵泡闭锁发生于卵泡生长的各个时期,主要表现为卵母细胞的皱缩,细胞核固缩;颗粒细胞松散、退化。[结论]为揭示雌性蓝狐的生殖机理提供了组织学依据。     

绵羊卵巢卵泡FoxO1表达模式的研究

本研究旨在探究Fox O1在绵羊卵巢卵泡的表达模式。屠宰场取卵巢获得卵泡,分为小卵泡(直径≤3 mm)、中卵泡(3 mm<直径<5 mm)、大卵泡(直径≥5 mm)3组。利用免疫组化技术对不同直径卵泡的FoxO1进行定位分析,通过机械分离法分离卵泡颗粒细胞,qRT-PCR和Western blotting技术检测FoxO1在小、中、大卵泡颗粒细胞的表达量。结果显示:在绵羊卵泡中,FoxO1表达于颗粒细胞层;中卵泡的FoxO1 mRNA表达量高于小卵泡和大卵泡(P<0.01),小卵泡FoxO1mRNA表达量高于大卵泡(P<0.01);FoxO1蛋白在大卵泡的表达量低于小卵泡和中卵泡(P<0.01),但小卵泡和中卵泡表达量差异不显著。综上表明,FoxO1在绵羊卵泡颗粒细胞层表达,且在大卵泡中的表达量极显著低于小卵泡和中卵泡。     

应用B超技术监测青年母牛卵巢动态变化的研究

通过B超监测11头青年母牛的卵巢动态变化。显示在自然发情状态下，排卵当天卵巢直径的平均值为18．24mm，排卵前一天平均值为21．94mm，排卵后一天平均值为21．63mm。卵泡发育以卵泡波的形式出现，本实验观察到3—4个卵泡波，以3个卵泡波为主，占81．82％，4个卵泡波的占18．18％；青年母牛左侧卵巢优势卵泡的平均直径为11．71±0．71mm，成熟卵泡的平均直径为14．76±0．94mm；右侧卵巢优势卵泡的平均直径为13．02±1．97mm，成熟卵泡的平均直径为14．34±1．30mm.     

Growth rate of ovulatory follicles during the first ovulatory oestrus (after seasonal anoestrus) and subsequent oestrous period in Irish Draught mares

It is believed that during the spring transition, the developing follicle tends to grow more slowly, persist longer and grow to a larger diameter prior to ovulation than at subsequent oestrus periods. A general suspicion, that the first ovulation of the year is less fertile than subsequent ovulations could be explained by a slower growth rate of the ovulatory follicle during transition with the consequent production of a subfertile oocyte. By detailed serial examination of the same group of Irish Draught mares over three winter/spring periods, no significant difference was found in either growth rate or pre-ovulatory diameter when compared with subsequent ovulations. Mean growth rates over the ten days prior to ovulation were 2.20 mm/day (range 1.18 to 3.64) and 2.19 mm/day (range 1.25 to 3.41) for first and subsequent ovulations respectively. Mean maximum pre-ovulatory diameters were 44.7 mm (range 35 to 59) and 43.5 mm (range 31 to 57.5) for first and subsequent ovulations respectively. The impression gained by practitioners that the first follicle develops more slowly during the transition to the first ovulation of the season may be due to less frequent examinations and consequently a failure to observe and record that follicles may grow and then regress during this period. The largest follicle observed a few days previously is not necessarily the same large follicle found at a later examination.     

Expression of the orexigenic peptide ghrelin in the sheep ovary

Ghrelin has been implicated in the control of cell proliferation in reproductive tissue. Here, we provide evidence that both ghrelin mRNA and protein are present in ovarian follicles. Persistent expression of ghrelin was also demonstrated in sheep ovary throughout the estrous cycle and pregnancy. In fact, the relative mRNA levels of ghrelin varied depending on the stage of the cycle, with the highest expression during the development of the corpora lutea (CL) and minimal expression in the regressing CL. A similar pattern was seen during pregnancy. Dynamic changes in the profile of ghrelin expression during the estrous cycle and throughout pregnancy suggest a precise regulation of ovarian expression of ghrelin, which could represent a potential role for ghrelin in the regulation of luteal development. In conclusion, the presence of the ghrelin signaling system within the sheep ovary especially in the oocytes opens up the possibility of a potential regulatory role of this novel molecule in reproductive function.     

不同繁殖类型牦牛卵巢原始卵泡的观测

本文对不同繁殖类型牦牛卵巢原始卵泡进行了观测 ,结果发现 :原始卵泡数为青麻 (一年一胎者 ) >牙日玛 (两年一胎者 ) >干巴 (三年一胎者 ) (P <0 0 5 )     

牛促卵泡激素基因克隆筛选和序列分析

从牛垂体中分离出总mRNA,经逆转录酶及大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶合成双链cDNA,经T4DNA聚合酶切成平末端后与Sma I酶切的pUC19连接,转化JM83,构建了脑垂体mRNA的cDNA文库.用标记的牛促卵泡激素基因的寡核苷酸片段进行杂交,从文库中筛选到几个阳性克隆,其中一个含有全长的牛促卵泡激素基因编码序列.利用PCR扩增技术从cDNA中扩增出了387bp的牛促卵泡激素基因,序列分析表明,10号克隆中的牛促卵泡激素基因含有起始密码ATG及终止密码TAA,所编码的氨基酸序列与天然牛促卵泡激寡素的氨基酸序列相同.