屠宰前禁食对肉猪的影响

作者探讨生长猪屠宰前禁食对肉猪潜在的影响。被禁食的猪活体体重及其屠宰胴体重量均有所减少,也可能引发胃溃疡。屠宰前中止饲喂,对肉食品安全是有益的,能够改善肉质终点pH、持水力和肉色;降低肉质肌糖原含量。生长猪的基因型、抗应激性能和动物所处的环境,均能够影响肉猪生产性能。     

太湖鹅体尺测量及屠宰性能测定

对70日龄太湖鹅体尺及屠宰性能进行测定,并对相关参数进行相关性分析。结果表明,太湖鹅平均体斜长、龙骨长、胸深、胸宽、胫长、胫围、髋骨宽、半潜水长、颈长分别为26．23cm、12．03cm、10．31cm、9．94cm、8．42cm、4．38cm、6．01cm、49．08cm、35．85cm,除龙骨长、髋骨宽外,其它体尺指标公母间差异显著;平均屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率分别为87．84％、69．66％、78．31％、7．35％、18．74％,半净膛率、胸肌率公母间差异极显著（P〈0．01）,全净膛率公母间差异显著（P〈0．05）;体尺各指标间仅有半潜水长和髋骨宽呈负相关,屠宰性能各指标间存在高等或中等强度相关,胸肌重与胫长呈负相关。     

EM制剂处理玉米芯粒育肥肉牛效果研究

[目的]为了探索EM(有益微生物群)制剂在养殖业中的应用效果.[方法]在肉牛育肥场,用EM制剂分别对育肥肉牛所用的粗饲料和饮水进行了处理,研究设计了三种育肥方式,选用12～15月龄、未经阉割、膘情基本一致、体重接近的西杂公牛18头,随机分为3组,在精料完全相同的情况下,进行饲喂试验.[结果]表明试验Ⅰ组与对照组相比,日采食量提高了13.33%,日增重提高了15.65%,增重成本下降了8.21%,效益比较显著;用1 000倍EM稀释液饮水,效果不明显,有待于进一步探讨.[结论]说明不同EM处理玉米芯粒育肥试验有不同的效果.     

Net requirements of calcium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, and potassium for growth of Nellore × Red Angus bulls, steers, and heifers

A comparative slaughter trial was conducted to assess the net requirements for gain of Ca, P, Na, K and Mg of bulls, steers and heifers of Nellore and Red Angus crossbreds. Twenty seven F1 Nellore and Red Angus crossbred calves (9 steers, 9 bulls, and 9 heifers), averaging 274 kg BW, were used. At the beginning of the trial, three animals from each gender were slaughtered to determine the initial body composition. The remaining 18 animals (3 animals of each gender) were randomly assigned to two treatments: fed 0.75 or 1.5% of BW of concentrate. The diets were based on corn silage and were isonitrogenous (2% N, DM). After three growing periods of 28 d, all animals were slaughtered. The cleaned gastrointestinal tract, organs, carcass, head, hide, tail, feet, and tissues were weighed to determine the empty BW (EBW). These parts were ground separately and subsampled for chemical analyses. The log of the contents of each mineral in the empty body was regressed on the log of the EBW to estimate the net requirement for each mineral per kg of empty body gain (EBG). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in the net requirements for growth of all macrominerals among genders. The equations of the pooled data of the net requirements for growth (g/kg EBG) were: 332.6 × EBW ^− 0.6367 for Ca, 112.1 × EBW ^− 0.5615 for P, 10.85 × EBW ^− 0.3992 for Na, 4.01 × EBW ^− 0.153 for K, and 3.589 × EBW ^− 0.462 for Mg. Our findings indicated that retained Ca and retained P were poorly related to the retained protein.     

谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能和屠宰性能的影响

[目的]研究基础日粮中添加谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素对黄羽肉鸡生产性能及屠宰性能的影响.[方法]将180只1日龄的黄羽肉鸡随机分为5个处理组(每个处理组3个重复,每个重复12只).分组情况:阳性对照组在基础日粮中添加饲用抗生素(0.03;那西肽+0.025;硫酸粘杆菌素预混剂);阴性对照组饲喂基础日粮;试验Ⅰ组在基础日粮中添加0.1;谷氨酰胺;试验Ⅱ组在基础日粮中添加0.2;谷氨酰胺;试验Ⅲ组在基础日粮中添加0.3;的谷氨酰胺.[结果]81 d时各组平均体重分别为2.72、2.66、2.62、2.84、2.68 kg,差异不显著(P＞0.05),试验Ⅱ组平均体重比阳性对照组高4.41;.8～81 d料重比分别为2.67、2.66、2.80、2.64、2.62,差异不显著(P＞0.05),日粮中分别添加0.1;谷氨酰胺、0.2;谷氨酰胺及0.3;谷氨酰胺替代饲用抗生素,黄羽肉鸡81 d体重、饲料转化率、胴体品质等指标上各组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]从黄羽肉鸡81 d体重、料重比、死亡率等指标综合来看,用添加0.2;谷氨酰胺替代黄羽肉鸡饲用抗生素是可行的.     

不同性别雷州黑鸭屠宰性能及肉品质的测定

随机选取60只健康无病的300日龄雷州黑羽鸭,公、母各半,进行屠宰试验及肉品质分析。结果表明,公鸭全净膛率和瘦肉率显著高于母鸭(P<0.05);母鸭腹脂率和皮脂率极显著高于公鸭(P<0.01),而胸肌率却极显著低于公鸭(P<0.01);公、母鸭胸肌肉色(L、a、b值)、腿肌蒸煮损失率和胸肌嫩度均存在极显著差异(P<0.01);母鸭胸肌脂肪含量显著高于公鸭(P<0.05),胸肌和腿肌粗蛋白质含量极显著高于公鸭(P<0.01)。提示,雷州黑鸭屠宰率和全净膛率都较高,母鸭肉质和肌肉营养成分高于公鸭,胸肌优于腿肌。     

早期限饲对肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响

为研究早期限饲对肉鸡屠宰性能和免疫器官指数的影响,选用250只1日龄Ross 308肉仔鸡,随机分为10组,限饲起始日龄(5、7和10日龄)、持续时间(7、10和14 d)和强度(90％、80％和70％)3因素3水平按L9(34)正交试验设计.结果表明:对肉鸡42日龄活体、屠体、全净膛、胸肌和腿肌重的影响:限饲持续时间...     

玉屏风散对阉牛育肥效果和屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在通过研究玉屏风散对育肥阉牛生产性能、屠宰性能及肉质的影响,以期探讨肉牛健康养殖技术。试验选用健康、体重相近(548+50 kg),年龄40月龄的"利×鲁"杂交一代育肥阉牛36头,随机分为四个组,分别按精料量的0%、1%、1.5%、2%添加玉屏风散,饲喂60 d,每20 d称重一次。试验60 d后将36头牛全部屠宰,然后进行屠宰测定和肉质分析。试验结果表明:在日粮中添加玉屏风散有提高育肥阉牛日增重和饲料报酬的趋势,但是并不显著(P>0.05);试验组的屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积、大理石花纹、高档肉占活重皆优于对照组,但是差异不显著(P>0.05);1%的玉屏风散添加组的牛肉中的粗蛋白、粗脂肪皆显著高于对照组(P<0.05),水分的含量显著的低于对照组(P<0.05);料重比与屠宰性能的许多指标都存在着一定的相关性,可通过料重比来估测育肥阉牛屠宰性能的多种指标。     

高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌对肉鸡饲粮表观代谢能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

本试验旨在研究高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌对良凤花肉鸡屠宰性能、肉品质、表观代谢能和主要营养物质表观消化率的影响。试验选取900只1日龄体重相近的健康良凤花公鸡,随机分为5个组,分别为对照组(基础饲粮)、高粱组、高粱+复合酶组、高粱+益生菌组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组,每组6个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验全期为68 d。分为前期(1~28日龄)、后期(29~56日龄)和代谢试验期(57~68日龄)3个阶段进行。试验组前期用高粱替代约30%的玉米,复合酶制剂添加量为200 g/t;后期用高粱替代约50%的玉米,复合酶制剂添加量为300 g/t;全期益生菌添加量为100 g/t。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,高粱+复合酶组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组粗纤维(CF)表观消化率显著提高(P0.05),各试验组表观代谢能(AME)及其余营养物质表观消化率差异不显著(P0.05)。2)与对照组相比,高粱+益生菌组和高粱+复合酶+益生菌组半净膛率显著提高(P0.05),各组其他屠宰性能指标均无显著差异(P0.05)。3)与对照组相比,高粱+复合酶+益生菌组胸肌亮度(L*)值显著提高(P0.05),试验组腿肌红度(a*)值显著降低(P0.05)。综上,在高粱饲粮中添加复合酶制剂和益生菌可以提高CF的表观消化率,对肉鸡屠宰性能和肉品质均无不良影响。     

Effects of Adding Okra on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Digestive Enzymes Activity of Danzhou Chickens

The experiment was designed to study the effect of okra on the growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive enzymes activity of Danzhou chicken. 120 chicken with similar weight and 90 days old were selected randomly and divided into 5 groups with 3 replications per group and 8 chicken per replication. Control group was fed with basal diet,while chickens in groupsⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were fed with the 0.5%,1.0%,1.5% and 2.0% okra added to basal diet,respectively. The trial lasted for 28 d. The results showed that compared with control group,the average daily gain of groupsⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P < 0.05),the F/G were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while group Ⅳ showed no significant significance with control group (P > 0.05);The slaughter weight, slaughter rate,eviscerated rate, half eviscerated rate and chest muscle weight of groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The slaughter weight of groupⅠ was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while other indexes were showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05).All slaughter performance indexes of group Ⅳ were showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05). The drip loss rate and shear force in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than control group (P < 0.05),while the cooked meat rate and pH value were significantly increased (P < 0.05).The trypsin,lipase and amylase activity of pancreas,duodenum and jejunum in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly higher than that of control group (P < 0.05),while except lipase activity,group Ⅳ showed no significant difference with control group (P > 0.05). The results suggested that the addition of okra in the basal diet was 1.5% which could significantly improve the growth performance, slaughter performance,meat quality and digestive enzymes activity of Danzhou chicken.