Effects of Mulberry Leaf Meal and Fermented Mulberry Leaf Meal on Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Cecum Microflora in Huxu Chicken

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf meal and fermented mulberry leaf meal on slaughter performance,meat quality and cecum microflora of Huxu chicken at the late growth stage.Three hundred and ninety-two Lingnan Ⅲ Huxu chickens aged ninety-five days were assigned to seven dietary treatments randomly,they were control group,5%,10%,20% mulberry leaf meal groups and 5%,10%,20% fermented mulberry leaf meal groups.Every treatment had 4 replicates,14 chickens per replicates (7 males and 7 females).The pre-trial period was 4 days,and the formal experiment period was 28 days.The results showed as follows:① Compared with the control group,expect the 10% mulberry leaf meal group,the semi-eviscerated percentage were significantly decreased in other experimental groups (P<0.05).Adding 10% mulberry leaf meal or 20% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal extremely significantly reduced the eviscerated percentage (P<0.01) and 10% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal reduced it significantly (P<0.05).The leg muscle percentage of chickens in 5% fermenterd mulberry leaf meal group and 20% mulberry leaf meal group reduced extremely significantly (P<0.01) and significantly (P<0.05),respectively.② Compared with the control group,the shear force of chest muscle in all experimental groups,and leg muscle in all mulberry leaf meal groups decreased,but only the shear force of chest muscle in 10% mulberry leaf meal group decreased significantly (P<0.05).Adding 20% mulberry leaf meal increased the pH_{45 min} of leg muscle significantly (P<0.05).The b^* value of leg muscle reduced in all experimental groups,and only that in the 20% mulberry leaf group reduced significantly (P<0.05).③ Compared with the control group,the number of E.coli of the cecum of chickens in 5% and 10% mulberry leaf meal groups reduced extremely significantly (P<0.05),and the ratio of Lactobacillus to E.coli of cecum in all experimental groups had an increasing trend (P>0.05).All over,the content of mulberry leaf meal in Huxu chickens'diet at the late growth stage could be up to 10%,and fermented mulberry leaf meal could be up to 20%.     

维康对肥育猪的饲喂试验

本研究旨在观察比较不同饲料添加剂对肥育猪生产性能的影响。选用体重20 kg左右的杜长大三元杂交（杜洛克×长白×大约克）瘦肉型商品猪100头,随机分为5组,每组设2个重复,每个重复10头。每组使用相同基础日粮,分别使用四种不同饲料药物添加剂进行了饲喂试验,即在基础饲粮中添加A组喹烯酮25%预混料300 mg/kg、B组维康200 mg/kg、C组维康300 mg/kg、D组北里霉素10%预混料300mg/kg的添加剂,空白对照组不添加任何添加剂。饲养时间为83 d。本试验饲养效果观察结果表明：全期日增重试验A、D组和空白对照组差异不显著（p〉0.05）,B、C组和空白对照组差异显著（p〈0.05）,B组维康按照200 mg/kg添加日增重最高,饲料报酬最高,经济效益最好。     

不同代乳品及饲喂方式对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉影响的研究

为研究代乳粉(主要含乳类制品)液态饲喂和代乳料(主要含植物类饲料等)干喂对荷斯坦奶公犊生产犊牛白肉的影响,试验选用20头健康无病、体重和出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,随机分为2组,每组10头,进行了120 d的生长育肥试验。Ⅰ组饲喂市售的代乳粉(粗蛋白质22%,粗脂肪16%);Ⅱ组饲喂配制的代乳料(粗蛋白质22%,消化能16 MJ/kg)。结果表明:①Ⅱ组犊牛0~90 d平均日增重高于Ⅰ组犊牛,91~120 d平均日增重显著低于Ⅰ组犊牛(P< 0.05),但两组犊牛0~120 d平均日增重和试验末重均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。②不同代乳品及饲喂方式对奶公犊营养物质表观消化率均无显著影响(P> 0.05)。③Ⅰ组犊牛的胴体重、屠宰率和眼肌面积均显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.05),分别比Ⅱ组高11.88%、11.04%和8.12%,但两组间的胴体产肉率无显著差异(P> 0.05);两组犊牛背最长肌的pH、剪切力、蒸煮损失和肉色均无显著差异(P> 0.05),但Ⅰ组犊牛的失水率比Ⅱ组犊牛高20.83%(P< 0.01);Ⅰ组犊牛背最长肌中粗脂肪含量极显著高于Ⅱ组犊牛(P< 0.01),但两组犊牛背最长肌中水分、粗蛋白质、粗灰分、钙、磷和铁的含量均无显著差异(P> 0.05)。④Ⅱ组犊牛的饲养成本比Ⅰ组降低45.38%。综上所述,饲喂代乳料的犊牛可获得与饲喂代乳粉犊牛相似的生长性能和肉品质,显著降低饲养成本。     

鸡MC3R基因多态性及其与屠体和肉质性状的相关性

以四川大恒家禽育种有限公司和四川省畜牧科学研究院培育的5个新品系纯系和3个杂交系鸡群为试验材料,对MC3R基因进行PCR扩增,采用PCR-SSCP技术结合测序分析了MC3R基因在上述鸡群中的多态性.结果表明8个鸡群中存在A 1 424 G的突变.经过基因型与屠体性状的关联分析得知各基因型除与半净膛率(SEP)和腿肌率(LMP)无显著影响(P＞0.05)外,对其它屠体性状则有显著(P＜0.05)和极显著影响(P＜0.01);与肉质性状相关分析结果显示,1 424位点仅对粗蛋白(CP)含量和肌内脂肪含量(IMF)影响显著(P＜0.05).     

新疆褐牛主要屠宰性状与体尺的相关性分析

[目的]为了进一步了解新疆褐牛的生产性能,找到合理的新疆褐牛经济价值的估算方法.[方法]我们在塔城和昭苏选择了102头在放牧状态下饲养的新疆褐牛进行屠宰测定,对反映产肉性能的主要性状进行了统计分析,[结果]表明:体高、体长、胸围、管围与屠宰重、胴体重的相关极显著(P<0.01),并根据统计结果建立了体尺与胴体重的回归方...     

不同杂交组合牛的短期育肥与屠宰测定

本试验以不同杂交组合牛与本地牛为试验材料,粗饲料以玉米黄贮为主,补给一定混合料,对18～24月龄牛进行短期肥育,育肥期为60d。试验结果表明,改良牛无论在日增重、净肉率等方面均优于本地牛。在吉林省中部农区,以玉米秸、玉米青黄贮为主,补喂一定精饲料,对18～24月龄牛进行短期育肥,增重效果明显,可以缩短饲养周期,并为市场提供优质牛肉,打破了只利用成年牛育肥的做法,取得了较好的经济效益。     

不同水平月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能的影响

本试验旨在研究不同水平月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能的影响。选择150羽1日龄鹌鹑,随机分成5组,每组3个重复,每个重复10羽鹌鹑,第1组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;第2~5组为试验组,在基础日粮上分别添加8%、10%、12%、15%的月见草籽(磨碎),进行为期35 d的饲养试验。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加不同水平的月见草籽对育雏期鹌鹑屠宰性能无不良影响(P＞0.05);添加月见草籽的试验组鹌鹑屠体重、全净膛率、胸肌率数值均比对照组高;添加月见草籽的试验组鹌鹑心脏、肝脏、脾脏、法氏囊指数与对照组相比无显著差异(P＞0.05)。因此,月见草籽可作为禽类早期饲料中一种安全型添加剂。     

Models for predicting protein requirements for meat quail

Three experiments were carried out to determine the crude protein requirements for maintenance (CPm) and weight gain (CPg) of meat quail and to develop protein‐requirement prediction models. Experiment 1 was conducted to determine CPm by the nitrogen‐balance technique. The regression of nitrogen balance on nitrogen intake revealed a CPm requirement of 2.94 g/kg^0.75/day. Experiment 2 was aimed at determining CPm by the comparative‐slaughter technique. Retained nitrogen (RN) and nitrogen intake (NI) were quantified considering the metabolic weight of the birds. The linear regression of RN on NI provided a CPm estimate of 6.63 g/kg^0.75/day. Experiment 3 was conducted to determine CPg. The regression of body nitrogen from the carcasses on fasted body weight revealed CPg estimates of 407.68 (0–7 days), 501.76 (8–14 days), 470.40 (0–14 days), 517.44 (15–21 days), 627.20 (22–28 days), 423.36 (29–35 days), and 517.44 mg/g (15–35 days). The protein‐requirement prediction models developed for meat quail aged 0–7, 8–14, 0–14, 15–21, 22–28, 29–35, and 15–35 days were CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.408.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.502.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.470.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0,517.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.627.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.423.G; CP = 2.94.W^0.75 + 0.517.G, respectively, where: W^0.75 =  metabolic weight (kg), and G =  daily weight gain (g).     

三元杂交肉用犊牛育肥效果试验报告

皮西本F1、利西本F1三元杂种犊牛在育肥场集中舍饲育肥180 d,头均增重158.25 kg和152.25 kg,日增重879.15 g和845.78 g,在农户一般饲养条件下育肥头均增重114.25kg和103.5kg,日增重634.68 g和574.95 g,在不同的饲养管理条件下育肥效果差异极显著(P<0.01),但在相同的饲养管理条件下,皮西本F1和利西本F1不同三元杂交组合间育肥效果差异不显著(P>0.05)。通过该试验说明三元杂种犊牛适于集中舍饲育肥,农户作为我市重要的育肥牛源基地,只有加强饲养管理采用综合配套技术措施,才能得到理想的育肥效果。     

Urolithiasis in finishing pigs

Urolithiasis in sows and neonatal pigs is well-known, but information on its occurrence and impact in finishing pigs is sparse. This study reports three outbreaks of urolithiasis in finishing pigs. In one herd, no symptoms were observed, whereas in the other herds the presence of calculi caused obstruction of the urinary tract resulting in death. Using infra-red spectroscopy, the predominant mineral-type found in the uroliths was calcium carbonate (calcite). Only small amounts of calcium oxalate (< 1%) could be detected. A high urinary pH, small abnormalities in the mineral composition of the feed and insufficient drinking water were the most important risk factors identified. To prevent urolithiasis, it is important to ensure adequate water intake, to provide a balanced mineral diet, and to avoid urinary tract infections.