Consequences of immature fiber on the processing performance of Upland cotton

Immature cotton fiber will negatively impact textile processing. Three field experiments were undertaken that applied chemical harvest aids to upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) crops at varying times with the intention of manipulating the maturity of bolls and fibers. The aim was to quantify the effects of these treatments on the textile performance of the harvested cotton and relate these differences to the status of the crop at the time of treatment application. Although earlier treatments produced less mature fiber that was lower in linear density, yarn and fabric strength was not affected. However less mature cotton from a cooler growing season produced stronger yarns (by 3 cN tex⁻¹) and fabric (by 0.39 N (g m⁻²)⁻¹) which was partly attributed to the smaller ribbon width of this fiber affecting more fiber packing density and inter-fiber friction. Yarns made from this immature cotton also contained more neps. Micronaire and linear density were equally well related, and more strongly related than maturity ratio, to dyed fabric color dimensions, which were greatly influenced by treatments. Percent immature bolls at the time of harvest aid application related well to changes in the degree of fabric blueness (R² = 0.89). Knowing the status of a crop in the final stages of production will help cotton producers and the supply chain to predict some of the processing performance aspects of harvested fiber.     

复合微生物肥料圆盘造粒工艺研究

"全元"复合微生物肥料集化肥速效、有机肥长效和生物肥增效于一体,使肥料养分释放均衡持久,达到使作物增产增收的目的。但目前"全元"复合微生物肥料多为粉状,具有容易结块,大小不均,不利于机械化施用等缺点,将肥料造粒成为生产实际的迫切需求。首先利用生物有机肥添加一定配比无机化肥形成不同养分"全元"复合微生物肥料,进而利用圆盘造粒机研究了复合微生物肥料造粒工艺。结果表明,原料粉碎细度,水分和肥料配方对复合微生物肥料成粒效果均有影响;原料细度方面,只过18目筛的混合原料造粒效果最好,成粒所需水分最低,原料过细容易产生大颗粒,造粒不均匀;生物有机肥造粒所需水分最高,随着加入无机化肥的比例增加,肥料造粒所需水分呈下降趋势;同时添加无机氮磷钾的配方成粒效果好,且无机养分比重对成粒有影响;无机化肥中过磷酸钙能明显增加肥料黏性,硫酸铵和氯化钾增加黏性的效果不明显。结论:"全元"复合微生物肥料同时添加无机氮磷钾造粒时,无需添加工业粘结剂即可有效成粒,成粒均匀且效率高,同时,生产实际中只需粉碎原料后过18目筛即可达到造粒要求。     

OFDA细度仪及其在苎麻测试上的应用

本文主要介绍USTER公司生产的OFDA光学纤维直径分析仪的测试原理和方法,及其在苎麻纤维支数测试上的应用,列出了用OFDA仪器测定法与传统的中段称重法对苎麻纤维支数的实测结果,同时对两种测试方法的测定数据进行了稳定性分析及误差分析,用数据分析说明用OFDA仪器测定法测定苎麻纤维支数的优越性和可行性。     

菠萝叶纤维细度分选

以无刺卡因、巴厘这两类品种的菠萝叶纤维为原料,对老叶和嫩叶所提取的纤维进行不同部位的纤维细度测定,结果表明：无刺卡因类菠萝叶老叶提取的纤维长度达到80～100 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.40、18.53 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在50～70 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.27、14.77 dtex;巴厘类菠萝叶提取的纤维长度达到70～90 cm,尖部和根部的纤维平均细度分别为14.13、18.50 dtex,嫩叶提取纤维的长度一般在45～65 cm,纤维根部和尖部的纤维平均细度分别为13.09、15.03 dtex。经方差分析,卡因类和巴厘类菠萝叶老叶根部与尖部纤维细度存在显著差异（p<0.05）。     

河南绵羊品种种群被毛品质的研究

利用SPSS10.0软件对小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊的羊毛物理特性进行了分析.结果表明:小尾寒羊、大尾寒羊、豫西脂尾羊的无髓毛质量比分别为(74.88±12.12)%、(85.05±13.93)%和(64.32±8.87)%,差异显著(P<0.05).3个绵羊品种的无髓毛根数比分别为(82.36±2.97)%、(8...     

Experimental and numerical analysis of fiber characteristics effects on fiber dispersion for wet-laid nonwoven

Dispersion and separation of fiber bundles into individual fibers, requires exposing them to a shear stress field to overcome inter-fiber frictional forces. To this end, fiber-mixing tanks are usually used to enhance shear and agitation in water and help the dispersion process. The required time and necessary agitation to separate and disperse fibers depend on fibers’ characteristics. It is well known that excessive agitation will give rise to the formation of rope defects in the output because of the high-energy vortices and optimizing the break up time is important in wet-lay process. In this work, experimental and numerical studies were done to investigate the effects of fiber characteristics on their dispersion in water for wet-laid nonwoven. The effective forces were analyzed using a one-way modeling of fiber behaviors in a stirred mixing tank. Results show that when the fiber diameter is increased, the required time for breaking up of fiber bundles and clumps is increased. The effects of fiber types on fibers break up and dispersing time, were also investigated. In the experimental work, an on-line vision system was designed to observe the dispersion behavior of polyester fibers. The effects of fiber length and fineness on the created defects (i.e. logs and ropes) in dispersion process, as well as on the dispersion speed, were studied. The results confirm that defects are increased by rising fiber length and fineness. It is also shown that increasing fiber length and fineness, decreases the required time for fiber clumps to be opened and reach a maximum number of individual fibers. On the other hand, when fiber length and fineness is increased, the dispersion speed increases.     

柴达木绒山羊选育效果分析

对柴达木绒山羊的选育效果进行了分析,结果表明,选育后的柴达木绒山羊成年公、母羊产绒量分别提高50g和40g（P〈0.01）,体重分别增长4.49kg（P〈0.01）和1.47kg（P〈0.05）,生产性能明显提高。但在产绒量不断提高同时,绒纤维细度变粗趋势已经显现,种公羊的绒纤维细度增加0.7μm（P〈0.01）。     

麻类纤维细度数据分析测试软件的开发

本文根据优化出的麻类纤维细度与直径的相关回归模型，设计制作了通用型麻类纤维细度及细度分布的数据分析测试软件(Uitra—0FDA)，将该软件装入0FDAl00纤维直径分析仪，使0FDAl00纤维直径分析仪用于麻类纤维细度及细度分布的自动测定。U1tra—0FDA通用软件亦可应用于其它类似纤维直径分析仪。