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81.
Erin L Deters Allison J VanDerWal Katherine R VanValin Stephanie L Hansen 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(6)
To assess the relative bioavailability of bis-glycinate bound Cu, 90 Angus-cross steers (265 ± 21 kg) were blocked by body weight (BW) to pens with GrowSafe bunks and randomly assigned to dietary treatments (14 to 18 steers/treatment): 0 mg supplemental Cu/kg dry matter (DM; CON), 5 or 10 mg supplemental Cu/kg DM as Cu sulfate (CS5; CS10) or bis-glycinate bound Cu (GLY5; GLY10). Steers received a high antagonist growing diet (analyzed 4.9 mg Cu/kg DM, 0.48% S, and 5.3 mg Mo/kg DM). Steers were weighed at the beginning (days 1 and 0) and end (days 125 and 126) of the trial to determine average daily gain (ADG) and gain:feed (G:F). Blood was collected from all steers on days 0, 28, 56, 84, and 126. Liver samples were collected on days −3 or −2 and day 123 or 124. Data were analyzed using ProcMixed of SAS (experimental unit = steer; fixed effect = treatment and block). Plasma Cu was analyzed as repeated measures (repeated effect = day). Plasma and liver Cu concentrations were regressed against total Cu intake using ProcGLM to calculate relative bioavailability of GLY. Final BW and overall ADG were greatest for CS5 and CS10 and least for CON and GLY5 (P = 0.01). Overall, DMI was not affected by treatment (P = 0.14), but overall G:F tended to be greatest for CS5, CS10, and GLY5 and least for CON (P = 0.08). Total and supplemental Cu intake was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM and least for CON (P < 0.01). However, total and supplemental Cu intake was greater for CS5 than GLY5 (P < 0.01). Final liver Cu concentrations were greatest for CS10, least for CON, CS5, and CS10, and intermediate for GLY10 (P < 0.01). Final plasma Cu was greatest for steers supplemented either source at 10 mg Cu/kg DM (P < 0.01). Relative bioavailability of GLY was 82% compared to CS based on liver Cu (P < 0.01) but did not differ based on plasma Cu (P = 0.60). The lesser bioavailability of GLY relative to CS could be due to a high concentration of dietary antagonists and lower solubility of GLY (68.9% relative to CS) in pH conditions (5.2) similar to the ruminal pH of a beef animal consuming a high concentrate diet. Future studies should examine the effects of bis-glycinate bound Cu fed in blended combination with inorganic Cu sulfate to determine the most effective blend of sources for feedlot cattle experiencing varying amounts of dietary Cu antagonists. 相似文献
82.
Julia Devos Amir Behrouzi Francois Paradis Christina Straathof Changxi Li Marcos Colazo Hushton Block Carolyn Fitzsimmons 《Journal of animal science》2021,99(5)
Discovery of epigenetic modifications associated with feed efficiency or other economically important traits would increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. In combination with known genetic markers, this would provide opportunity to improve genomic selection accuracy in cattle breeding programs. It would also allow cattle to be managed to improve favorable gene expression. The objective of this study was to identify variation in DNA methylation between beef cattle of differential pre-natal nutrition and divergent genetic potential for residual feed intake (RFI). Purebred Angus offspring with the genetic potential for either high (HRFI) or low (LRFI) RFI were prenatally exposed to either a restricted maternal diet of 0.5 kg/d average daily gain (ADG) or a moderate maternal diet of 0.7 kg/d ADG from 30 to 150 d of gestation. We performed DNA methylation analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) of imprinted genes (Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) DMR2, IGF2/H19 imprinting control region (ICR) and IGF2 receptor (IGF2R) DMR2) using post-natal samples of longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle taken from male and female calves at birth and weaning, and of LD muscle, semimembranosus (SM) muscle, and liver samples collected from steers at slaughter (17 months of age). Interestingly, for all three DMR investigated in liver, LRFI steers had higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. In LD muscle, IGF2/H19 ICR methylation differences for heifers at birth were due to pre-natal diet, while for steers at birth they were mostly the result of genetic potential for RFI with LRFI steers again having higher levels of methylation than HRFI steers. While results from repeated measures analysis of DNA methylation in steers grouped by RFI revealed few differences, in steers grouped by diet, we found higher methylation levels of IGF2 DMR2 and IGF2R DMR2 in LD muscle of restricted diet steers at weaning and slaughter than at birth, as well as increased methylation in LD muscle of restricted diet steers compared with moderate diet steers at weaning and/or slaughter. Our results suggest that differential pre-natal nutrition, and divergent genetic potential for RFI, induces tissue- and sex-specific alterations in post-natal IGF2 and IGF2R methylation patterns and that these patterns can vary with age in Angus beef cattle. 相似文献
83.
84.
Natalie Turner Pevindu Abeysinghe Hassendrini Peiris Kanchan Vaswani Pawel Sadowski Nick Cameron Nathanael McGhee Jayden Logan Murray D Mitchell 《Journal of animal science》2022,100(2)
Cattle ticks pose a significant threat to the health and profitability of cattle herds globally. The investigation of factors leading to natural tick resistance in cattle is directed toward targeted breeding strategies that may combat cattle tick infestation on the genetic level. Exosomes (EXs), small extracellular vesicles (EVs) of 50 to 150 nm diameter, are released from all cell types into biofluids such as blood plasma and milk, have been successfully used in diagnostic and prognostic studies in humans, and can provide essential information regarding the overall health state of animals. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a highly sensitive proteomics application that can be used to identify proteins in a complex mixture and is particularly useful for biomarker development. In this proof of principle study, EXs were isolated from the blood plasma of cattle (Bos taurus) with high (HTR) and low tick resistance (LTR) (n = 3/group). Cattle were classified as HTR or LTR using a tick scoring system, and EXs isolated from the cattle blood plasma using an established protocol. EXs were subjected to MS analysis in data-dependent acquisition mode and protein search performed using Protein Pilot against the B. taurus proteome. A total of 490 unique proteins were identified across all samples. Of these, proteins present in all replicates from each group were selected for further analysis (HTR = 121; LTR = 130). Gene ontology analysis was performed using PANTHER GO online software tool. Proteins unique to HTR and LTR cattle were divided by protein class, of which 50% were associated with immunity/defense in the HTR group, whereas this protein class was not detected in EXs from LTR cattle. Similarly, unique proteins in HTR cattle were associated with B-cell activation, immunoglobins, immune response, and cellular iron ion homeostasis. In LTR cattle, unique exosomal proteins were associated with actin filament binding, purine nucleotide binding, plasma membrane protein complex, and carbohydrate derivative binding. This is the first study to demonstrate that MS analysis of EXs derived from the blood plasma of HTR and LTR cattle can be successfully applied to profile the systemic effects of tick burden. 相似文献
85.
Signatures of positive selection for local adaptation of African native cattle populations: A review
Wondossen AYALEW WU Xiao-yun Getinet Mekuriaw TAREKEGN CHU Min LIANG Chun-nian Tesfaye SISAY TESSEMA YAN Ping 《农业科学学报》2023,22(7):1967-1984
Cattle are central to the lives and diverse cultures of African people. It has played a crucial role in providing valuable protein for billions of households and sources of income and employment for producers and other actors in the livestock value chains. The long-term natural selection of African cattle typically signals signatures in the genome, contributes to high genetic differentiations across breeds. This has enabled them to develop unique adaptive traits to cope with inadequate feed supp... 相似文献
86.
为研究去势和热应激对筠连黄牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵和血液生化指标的影响,本研究选用18头16月龄、体重相近((292.35±28.71) kg)的不同去势程度筠连黄牛(全去势FCG、半去势HCG、假手术SOG),分为3组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头牛,根据试验期间牛舍温湿度指数(THI),分为热应激期(7、8月)和非热应激期(9月),分析去势和热应激对黄牛各指标的影响。结果表明:1)与非热应激期相比,热应激期牛舍THI、肉牛呼吸频率和直肠温度均显著提高(P<0.05)。2)去势和热应激均显著提高血清热休克蛋白70、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)和雌二醇浓度(P<0.05),而睾酮、甲状腺素(T4)、胰岛素和游离脂肪酸浓度显著降低(P<0.05),且除血清葡萄糖、T4和LDL-C外,去势和热应激对其他血清指标存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。3)全去势和热应激均显著降低肉牛平均日增重(ADG),且存在显著互作效应(P<0.05)。4)热应激期,去势显著降低粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和钙表观消化率以及血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)(P<0.... 相似文献
87.
为比较安格斯牛和昭通牛的杂交效果,进行了安昭牛F1代和昭通牛的短期育肥研究.结果表明:安昭牛和昭通牛平均日增重、屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积分别为1.179 kg、53.72%、45.11%、86.35 cm2和0.849 kg、48.83%、39.84%、55.65 cm2,安昭牛均极显著高于昭通牛(P<0.01),胴体脂肪覆盖率分别为82.98%和69.98%,安昭牛优于昭通牛(P<0.05);而安昭牛肉蛋白质含量20.6%,极显著低于昭通牛的23.65%(P<0.01),脂肪含量26.3%显著高于昭通牛的7.85%(P<0.05),总氨基酸含量、必需氨基酸含量分别为86.43 mg/100mg、83.06 mg/100mg和38.47 mg/100mg、36.38 mg/100mg,安昭牛亦极显著(P<0.01)和显著(P<0.05)高于昭通牛. 相似文献
88.
为研究肉牛对不同玉米秸杆产品的利用情况,选18月龄西门塔尔牛与当地黄牛的F136头,分别用铡碎、揉碎、揉碎压捆、制粒、压块和挤压成棒状的六种玉米秸秆饲料进行了肉牛饲养试验和消化试验.结果秸秆采食量以后三种加工处理的秸秆为最高,铡碎为最低,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中;日粮表现消化率以秸秆颗粒型日粮最低,其他几种秸秆型日粮差异不大;肉牛增重以应用秸秆饲料块和秸秆饲料棒的肉牛增重效果最好,铡碎秸秆最差,揉碎和揉碎压捆居中.除铡碎型外,其他几种玉米秸杆饲料用于育肥牛均可取得较好的增重效果. 相似文献
89.
蒙古牛肌肉生长抑制素基因编码序列检测分析 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
肌肉生长抑制素(myostatin)基因是影响骨骼肌生长和发育重要的候选基因。实验以2头双肌皮埃蒙特牛和30头蒙古牛基因组DNA为模板,针对牛myostatin基因设计了3对引物并扩增了3个外显子和部分5’调控区。对PCR扩增片段克隆、测序结果显示,2头皮埃蒙特牛均在编码序列938处发生G到A突变,使编码氨基酸由半胱氨酸变为酪氨酸,符合前人检测结果。首次在蒙古牛中发现在6个不同位点存在单核苷酸突变,其中3个无义突变,3个突变引起了编码氨基酸变化,反映了牛myostatin基因在进化过程中具有较高的突变性。 相似文献
90.
饮用天然高钼水诱发的钼中毒耕牛主要生物酶测定 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
本研究对高钼饮水诱导钼中毒的耕牛及对照牛的血浆及组织(肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉)中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)等3种生物酶活性进行了对比分析测定。结果表明,血浆和组织中SOD、XOD及GSH-PX均随着钼中毒的加重其活性显著下降。这3种生物酶是钼中毒比较灵敏且相关较大的生化指标,对钼中毒具有一定诊断价值;测定SOD。XOD、GSH-PX可作为钼中毒监测的重要手段。 相似文献