拖拉机全动力换挡自动变速器技术应用现状与展望

拖拉机变速器使用性能及其智能化对提高拖拉机机组作业效率和稳定性具有重要意义。目前,先进国家全动力换挡变速器技术十分成熟,而我国还处于理论研究阶段,变速器制造的自动化水平低,轮毂、齿轮的加工精度达不到设计要求;换挡控制策略只处于理论研究阶段,目前动力换挡变速器仍然采用手动控制,CAN总线技术应用水平低,其关键技术亟待自主研发。随着土地流转规模的增加,大型拖拉机的使用会越来越多,国家对农业装备研发投入的增加将促进我国拖拉机全动力换挡技术的开发和应用。     

Intercepted radiation by apple canopy can be used as a basis for irrigation scheduling

Improved approaches for irrigation scheduling require specific protocols for adaptation to different growing conditions. We assessed crop intercepted radiation as the main factor for decision on irrigation scheduling. Over two growing seasons (2007-2008), apple trees growing in a large weighing lysimeter were used to measure daily canopy transpiration (T_d). Seasonal patterns of daily canopy intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (IPAR_d) and midday stem water potential were also measured. In 2007, irrigation was withheld in two different times to study T_d responses to midday stem water potential. Before harvest, under full irrigation, T_d increased linearly with IPAR_d (R² = 0.81 in 2007 and 0.84 in 2008). With the two year data combined, R² increased from 0.74 to 0.80 when VPD was considered as a second variable. When irrigation was withheld in 2007 the ratio between T_d and IPAR_d, which is defined here as transpiratory radiation use efficiency (TRUE), decreased linearly (R² = 0.49) as midday stem water potential decreased. Due to the highly significant effect of IPAR_d and VPD on T_d, TRUE showed potential applications in estimating the amount of irrigation water.     

现代城市园林景观设计的现状与发展

我国城市园林规划与设计的起步晚,整体水平还不高,在建设过程中还存在着一些问题,整体设计水平有待提高。我国现代城市园林景观规划的设计应树立长远目标,遵循可持续发展的战略理念,以人为本,多学科综合应用,达到经济、社会和生态效益的统一。     

国内外灌溉预报研究现状与动态分析

对国内外30年来灌溉预报研究现状与动态作了较系统的评述和分析,提出和探讨了现有方法和模型存在的区域尺度及空间变异性、实时预报及实时预报修正等问题,有助于灌溉预报方法的进一步研究和应用。     

国内残膜回收机脱膜装置的研究现状

介绍了残膜在农业生产中危害及机械化回收残膜的优势,论述了我国残膜回收机的分类和特点,并指出脱膜装置作为残膜回收机核心部件的重要性。针对国内残膜回收机的研究现状,介绍几种不同结构形式的脱膜装置,并对其在实际作业中所存在的问题进行了分析,总结优缺点,为以后残膜回收机脱膜装置的机构参数优化提供参考。     

Is behaviour in a novel environment associated with bodily state in brown trout Salmo trutta fry?

Energetic status and body size are inconstant bodily states often considered to have feedback effects on behaviour. Feedbacks can be negative, like starvation‐threshold feedbacks (lower state values = increased risk taking due to higher energy need, and vice versa), or positive, like state‐dependent safety feedbacks (higher state values = lower vulnerability when expressing risky behaviours, and vice versa). Few studies have investigated feedback effects during the early‐life survival bottleneck of territorial species, when rapid growth is particularly important to maintain competitive ability. We investigated effects of body size and energetic status on the emergence latency into an unknown environment in highly territorial brown trout fry. We manipulated energetic status using high and low food rations in different combinations over two consecutive periods. In contrast to results from other small‐sized fishes, no general behavioural effects of energetic state were detected, but larger fish had on average shorter emergence latency. Starvation‐threshold feedbacks were not supported, but the size effect favours the presence of a state‐dependent safety feedback. When individuals were split into clusters characterised by long (>34 s) and short (<34 s) emergence latency, a state‐dependent safety feedback, based on energetic status, was found in the short‐latency cluster. Positive state‐dependent feedbacks may reflect the high level of competition among wild trout fry during the first summer, particularly among the more active individuals (i.e., from the short latency cluster). High state levels could be utilised to gain advantages over lesser competitors (e.g., to establish territories), particularly if the overall risk of starvation is higher than the risk of predation.     

我国农药禁限用政策实施情况及建议

本文研究了农药禁限用政策历史沿革、颁布实施情况、运行成效以及所面临问题的评价,提出了加强农药管理的意见与建议。     

进口散装粮食取制样工作发展现状、存在问题及对策

取制样工作是进口粮食检验检疫的重要前提和基础。本文从检验检疫对制取样品的需求出发,系统分析了进口散装粮食取制样工作以人工操作为主的发展现状以及存在的重视程度不够、标准体系不完善、技术设备投入不足、工作效率低、样品代表性差、上下游发展不协同、影响公正执法等诸多问题,提出了通过加快自动化取制样系统的研究和应用等应对措施。     

勐腊县珍贵用材树种发展现状与对策研究

总结勐腊县珍贵用材树种发展现状,从地理位置、自然条件、人文条件、政策条件阐述其发展优势。针对勐腊县珍贵用材林发展中存在的土地、技术、投资与收益等问题,提出加大对珍贵树种产业的宣传与示范,加强技术培训与政策扶持,探索以短养长、长短结合的复合经营模式,结合当前林业生态建设项目,推进珍贵树种产业的可持续发展等建议。     

极小种群野生植物八蕊单室茱萸的种群状况研究

八蕊单室茱萸为云南省特有的极小种群野生植物和濒危物种。通过查阅相关文献并结合访问调查,确定八蕊单室茱萸可能分布的区域,开展种群资源调查。结果显示:八蕊单室茱萸目前仅在普洱市和西双版纳州有10个天然种群,其种群规模已低于最小可存活种群,属极小种群野生植物和濒危物种,亟需开展保护工作。生境破坏和生境片段化是导致八蕊单室茱单室茱萸濒危的人为因素。提出收集种质资源、营建和管护近地保护种群、建立迁地和回归种群等保育建议。