mRNA差异显示技术及其改进

分子生物学的首要任务之一就是比较不同细胞间或同一细胞不同时间与空间基因表达的差异。在多种基因检测技术中 ,mRNA差异显示技术作为研究细胞、组织在不同条件下 ,基因表达水平差异的重要手段 ,以不可替代的优势已被广泛用于生物学领域。该技术与传统的消减杂交等方法进行比较具有简便、快捷、灵敏、高效等优点 ,但也存在假阳性率高、易污染等缺点。为了克服以上缺点又不断涌现出一些改进技术。文章对该技术的原理、优势与不足及主要改进进行了综述     

两栖类早期发育的基因调控

在两栖类受精卵的植物极附近的皮 层下区有一种特殊的细胞质,称为生殖质,卵 裂后凡是含有这种生殖质的卵裂球就是原生 殖细胞,后者在不同动力的作用下以一定方 式进行迁移,最终形成生殖细胞。基因与个 体发育有复杂的关系,据近40年的生物化学 和遗传学的研究证实,基因不直接控制性状 发育,而是控制生化过程,从而影响到个体发 育和分化。文章从基因表达时的不同作用水 平对两栖类早期发育的基因调控进行了综 述,并且阐述了参与发育的基因家族的作用 方式与功能。     

湖南省山羊脑多头蚴的线粒体nad1和nad4基因的序列测定及种系发育分析

本研究旨在阐明脑多头蚴湖南分离株线粒体烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸( NADH)脱氢酶亚单位1基因(nad1)部分序列(pnad1)和烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)脱氢酶亚单位4基因(nad4)部分序列(pnad4)的遗传变异情况,并用pnad1和pnad4序列重构脑多头蚴与其它带科绦虫的种群遗传关系.利用聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增脑多头蚴的pnad1和pnad4,应用ClustalX 1.81程序对序列进行比对,再用Phylip3.67程序MP法和Mage4.0程序NJ法绘制种系发育树,并用Puzzle5.2程序构建最大似然树,同时利用DNAstar5.0中的Megalign程序进行同源性分析.结果显示所获得的pnad1和pnad4序列长度分别均为666和887 bp,湖南分离株与已知多头带绦虫位于同一分枝.由于脑多头蚴pnad1和pnad4序列种内相对保守,种间差异较大,故均可作为种间遗传变异研究的标记,从而为脑多头蚴的分子流行病学和其相关疾病的诊断奠定基础.     

应用逆转录套式PCR检测新城疫病毒核酸

选择DNV融合蛋白保守的编码区域,设计并合成了一对外引物和一对内引物,建立并优化了检测新城疫病毒核酸的逆转录套式PCRI地,通过检测NDV感染的实验客观存在病料和临床病料,结果表明,逆转录套式PCR法最低能鉴别出约0.3pg的NDV RNA,攻毒后第8天还能从非免疫鸡和SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中检出DNV,第8天非免疫鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为5/10,第8天SPF鸡泄殖腔拭子中NDV的最大检出率为6/10,对非免疫鸡和SPF鸡的泄殖腔中NDV最佳检出时间均在攻毒后第5天。逆转录套式PCRY应运地临床样品中DNV的最大检出率为6/7,经核酸杂交验证,该法具有很高的特异性和敏感性,也比较简便快速,为从分子水平探讨NDV的发病机理、临床早期快速诊断提供了新的研究手段。     

2006—2012年鲁豫冀地区15株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒的分离鉴定及ORF5/Nsp2基因的遗传变异分析

为研究鲁豫冀地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus,PRRSV)的遗传变异情况,对2006—2012年来自3省区发病猪场的42份样品进行PRRSV分离鉴定,并进行了生物学特性研究和PCR鉴定,结果显示先后分离到15株PRRSV。分别采用RT-PCR扩增其ORF5基因和部分Nsp2基因并测序,与GenBank中68个ORF5序列和40个Nsp2序列的推导氨基酸序列进行比对,遗传变异分析结果表明,15株分离株均属于美洲型毒株,其中13个毒株Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列均存在氨基酸的不连续缺失,其ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列与JXA1株有较高的同源性(95.5%~97.5%);SDDY2007株与疫苗株RespPRRS MLV和VR2332株亲缘关系相近,处于同一个亚群中;而HN25-2009分离株Nsp2基因推导的氨基酸序列有30个氨基酸的特征性缺失,其ORF5基因推导的氨基酸序列的遗传进化分析结果显示该分离株处于VR2332所在亚群(氨基酸同源性97.5%),具有一定特殊性。本试验结果表明,2006—2012年高致病性PRRSV是鲁豫冀地区的优势流行毒株,且存在疫苗毒株,3省区流行毒株间有一定遗传差异,但无明显地域特征。     

猪硫辛酸合成酶基因的克隆及组织表达

本试验通过电子延伸及RT-PCR技术克隆猪硫辛酸合成酶(lipoic acid synthase,Lias)基因,并进一步研究了该基因在猪体内组织的表达分布。基于电子延伸序列设计1对引物,成功克隆了猪Lias基因(GenBank登录号:JN797612.1),并进行了序列分析,同时利用RT-PCR方法分析了Lias基因的组织表达规律。克隆的猪Lias基因长度为1119 bp,包括1个完整的开放阅读框,编码372个氨基酸;克隆的猪Lias基因与小鼠、褐鼠、人、牛的核苷酸序列同源性分别为71.5%、69.0%、77.3%、70.4%;推导的cDNA编码区(CDS)的氨基酸序列与小鼠、褐鼠、人、牛的同源性分别为91.5%、79.4%、89.4%、88.2%;构建的系统进化树结果显示,猪与小鼠、褐鼠的亲缘关系最近;组织表达分布结果表明,Lias基因在心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、十二指肠、空肠、直肠、回肠、脂肪、皮肤和肌肉中都有表达;Gel-Pro软件分析结果表明,Lias基因在肾脏和脂肪组织中表达丰度最高,其次是直肠和回肠。     

First report of Wolbachia from field populations of Culex mosquitoes in south-western Nigeria

Recent reports on finding Wolbachia-strain infections in field mosquito species in some West African countries and the potential for developing these as disease vector biocontrol tools have prompted a search for Wolbachia in mosquitoes within the study area. Using a completely randomised design, mosquito traps were set at different locations in a rural and an urbanised community. One hundred and eighty (180) mosquitoes were trapped and pooled on the basis of genus, sex and site of collection, because there have been no earlier reports of Wolbachia isolated from Nigeria. Twenty pools, made up of not more than ten mosquitoes per pool, were homogenised and analysed for Wolbachia-specific DNA. Mosquitoes were trapped within Ede (urbanised community) and Akoda (rural community). Genomic DNA was extracted from trapped mosquito samples and used as a template in a PCR reaction. The Wolbachia sp. specific 16S rRNA gene was amplified, sequence analysis of PCR products was performed and a chromatogram of the sequence was subjected to Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis to identify the Wolbachia sp. This sequence was subsequently submitted to GenBank with accession number MK127541. The first evidence of the presence of the endosymbiont, Wolbachia in field-caught mosquitoes is hereby documented. The homology of this strain of Wolbachia bears similarities to those reported recently from other parts of West Africa and forms a single clade with a Wolbachia sp. from Mali, with a strong bootstrap support of 99%. This finding of a Wolbachia strain in mosquitoes at Ede could form the basis for more searches for diverse strains of Wolbachia in Nigeria.     

Oral administration recombinant porcine epidermal growth factor enhances the jejunal digestive enzyme genes expression and activity of early-weaned piglets

This study attempted to determine ingested porcine epidermal growth factor (pEGF) on the gastrointestinal tract development of early-weaned piglets. Thirty-two piglets (14-day weaned) were randomly allotted to supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mg pEGF/kg diet. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with two pigs per pen for a 14 days experimental period. Piglets were sacrificed and gastrointestinal tract samples were collected to measure mucosa morphology, mRNA expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the gastrointestinal tract of piglets at the end of the experiment. Diets supplemented with pEGF failed to influence growth performance but tended to increase jejunal mucosa weight (p < 0.09) and protein content (p < 0.07). Piglets supplemental pEGF induced incrementally the gastric pepsin activity (p < 0.05) and stimulated jejunal alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactase activities accompanied with the increase of jejunal ALP and maltase mRNA expression. No effect of pEGF on the activities of all enzymes in ileum except the stimulation of ileal aminopeptide N mRNA expression. These results reveal that dietary pEGF supplementation might enhance gene expression and activities of digestive enzymes in the stomach and jejunum of piglets.     

新城疫病毒山东分离株ShD-5-06 F和HN基因序列分析

从山东济南某非典型新城疫发病鸡群中分离到一株新城疫病毒株（ShD-5—06）,研究其生物学特性表明,该病毒具有新城疫强毒株的一些特征。从该分离株扩增出其F和HN基因,并与标准株进行同源性比较,为探讨NDV是否发生变异提供理论依据。本试验通过RT—PCR法特异性地扩增出F和HN基因全基因序列,并对其与已经发表的序列进行核苷酸序列测定和分析。结果表明,ShD-5—06株的F和HN基因开放性阅读框架（ORF）为1662bp和1716bp,分别编码489个和571个氨基酸。与国外发表的部分新城疫病毒强毒株和弱毒株之间相应序列进行比较,F基因核苷酸序列的同源性在84．1％～88．7％之间,氨基酸同源性在88．1％～93．3％之间;HN基因核苷酸序列的同源性在82．19,5～87．4％之间,氨基酸同源性在88．6％～90．9%之间;F蛋白裂解位点区（112～117）氨基酸组成与强毒株一致,说明NDV山东分离株（ShD-5—06）为新城疫强毒株。