小麦淀粉合酶基因I的克隆及反义和RNAi载体的构建

采用RT-PCR方法从小麦品种豫教2号发育的籽粒中克隆出淀粉合酶I基因(starch synthase I,SSI)部分cDNA片段(795 bp)(GenBank No.EF221762),同源性比较结果显示,它与GenBank上已报道的SSI基因有高度同源性。以p WM101质粒为基础,构建了由35S启动子调控的SS I基因的反义表达载体p WM101SSI;另外,还以pFGC5941质粒为基础,构建了SSI基因的RNAi载体pFGC5941SSIsa,这些载体的构建为研究此基因的功能奠定了基础。     

Role of outer membrane proteins in immunity against murine salmonellosis--1. Antibody response to crude outer membrane proteins of Salmonella typhimurium

The humoral immune response to crude outer membrane proteins (comp) of S. typhimurium in mice has been characterized. Maximal and quicker antibody response was observed when 50 micrograms of comp was injected intraperitoneally. The comp of smooth C5 strain of S. typhimurium evoked antibody response to both lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteins. Absorption of these sera with LPS coated erythrocytes eliminated the antibodies to LPS completely, while the antibody level to protein was left unaltered. The comp from rough mutant (lacking O-specific chain of LPS) of S. typhimurium elicited antibodies to proteins but not to LPS. These results indicate the concomitant production of antibodies to Salmonella outer membrane proteins also. The significance of such antibodies in protection and diagnosis has been discussed.     

芦荟与椰果双果果粒酸乳的研制

选择稳定剂品种、稳定剂添加量、芦荟与椰果添加量组合三因素采用L9（3^4）正交设计,从感官评分及稳定性方面对芦荟及椰果双颗粒配方进行优化,优化的结果显示：双果粒配方为0.4%稳定剂添加量、W3型稳定剂、5%芦荟与3%椰果果粒,此时能得到最佳的感官品质与稳定性效果。     

FaesCAL基因在同型长花柱甜荞中的表达分析

为探究同型长花柱甜荞花的发育调控的分子机制，从同型长花柱甜荞中分离得到1个全长984 bp的CAL同源基因cDNA 序列，命名为FaesCAL。FaesCAL基因包含长726 bp的完整开放阅读框，编码1个由241个氨基酸残基组成的MADS-box转录因子。蛋白序列比对及系统发育分析结果表明：FaesCAL 蛋白属于MADS-box转录因子中的CAL进化系，包含1个由57个氨基酸残基组成的高度保守的 MADS 结构域和1个由68个氨基酸残基组成的次级保守区域的 K 结构域。通过实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)检测FaesCAL基因在同型长花柱甜荞中的组织表达特异性显示:FaesCAL基因主要在根、雄蕊、花被片和5 d果实中表达，在雌蕊中表达量很低，在茎和叶片中不表达，并且在雄蕊和花被片中的表达量极显著高于其他组织（LSD， P<0.01）。进一步通过qRT-PCR检测FaesCAL基因在甜荞花芽分化5个关键时期表达量的动态变化显示：FaesCAL基因的表达量在开花前雌雄蕊成熟时表达量最高，在雄蕊花丝的迅速伸长和花被片原基的出现时期的表达量其次。推测该基因参与了甜荞的成花转变，并在雄蕊以及花被片的发育中发挥作用。     

Crop productivity under differently lopped canopies of multipurpose trees in Central Himalaya, India

Ficus species are multipurpose trees well known by rural populations in Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Africa. Their uses are well documented but their amenability for vegetative propagation has not been extensively studied. This paper compares the rooting ability of stem and aerial root cuttings from thirteen Ficus species found in West Africa. It highlights the differences between species belonging to the sub-genera Sycomorus and Urostigma. The former show no capacity to propagate from cuttings whereas the latter, with epiphytic development, can be propagated by cuttings, although this capacity varies among species. Thus, F. thonningii, F. leprieurii and F. ovata are easily propagated, while F. platyphylla and F. elasticoides are propagated with difficulty. The rooting capacity also varies depending on the cutting material used. It decreases in the following order: long leafless hardwood cuttings (pole) > nodal cuttings > apical cuttings. Rooting potential increases when the cuttings are harvested towards the end of the dry season(March to May). Aerial root can be used for cuttings in all species of the sub-genus Urostigma. The capacity of root cuttings to regenerate is greatest when cuttings are collected at the beginning of the dry season (November). In this case, wound-induced adventitious roots arise at the basal end of the cutting while de novo buds are developed from the cambium at the distal end. The subsequent morphological development is identical to that of a stem cutting. These results clarify and allow the optimal use of the knowledge and methods developed by the indigenous people of the Sahel and could assist and promote fig tree (Ficus sp.) domestication in the dry tropics.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hormonal changes during meiotic maturation and ovulation in the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

The plasma levels of estradiol-17 (E2), 17, 20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17,20-P) and gonadotropin (GTH) were measured in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) during the period from the end of vitellogenesis to postovulation. Blood samples were taken according to specific stages of maturation, including germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and ovulation. E2 levels were quite high (45 ng/ml) at the end of vitellogenesis (and prior to GVBD) and dropped precipitously by GVBD (2 ng/ml). They remained low through ovulation and postovulation. 17,20-P levels were low prior to GVBD (0.7 ng/ml) and increased dramatically at GVBD (148 ng/ml). The levels of 17,20-P remained high at ovulation (142 ng/ml) and then dropped significantly within 24 h to approximately half of the ovulatory values. They decreased even further by 7 days postovulation. GTH levels rose gradually through GVBD and ovulation from a postvitellogenic level of approximately 3 ng/ml to a 7 day postovulatory value of approximately 10 ng/ml. The overall results; 1) decrease in estradiol prior to GVBD, 2) increase in 17,20-P at GVBD and 3) gradual GTH rise through GVBD and ovulation, are similar to those reported for other salmonids.     

雌二醇依赖性细胞稳定转染克隆株的研究

利用已经构建以增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）为报告基因的表达载体和一个含有鸡溶菌酶基因超敏感位点4（hypersensitivity site 4）的载体pBS-HS4,采用Polybrene的方法进行稳定共转染T47D细胞得到稳定转染细胞株,结果得到了87株稳定转染细胞株。用10-9mol/L 17β-雌二醇诱导筛选,结果标号为EGFP-T47D 74的克隆细胞株在诱导后72 h及96 h表现出非常强的诱导荧光,而且诱导倍数较大,为3.63倍。结果表明,试验筛选出的稳定转染重组细胞株可供进一步建立细胞表达系统来筛选EEDCs。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Xenostrobus securis </Emphasis>(Lamarck, 1819) (Mollusca: Bivalvia): first report of an introduced species in Galician waters

The presence of the non-indigenous species, the black-pygmy mussel Xenostrobus securis, is reported here for the first time in an intense shellfish farming area off Galicia (NW Spain). Very high concentrations of this mytilid bivalve have colonized estuarine waters located at the inner part of the Ria de Vigo. The invasive role of X. securis is discussed in the context of the wide ecological tolerance of the species and the recent finding of settlements of this species on numerous colonies of the economically-important blue mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The mode of introduction of the black-pygmy mussel is also discussed in relation to human management activities.     

Study on the distribution and expression of a DNA vaccine against lymphocystis disease virus in Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

The distribution and expression of lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) vaccine, on the basis of DNA vaccine (pEGFP-N2-LCDV0.6 kb) construction, were analyzed in tissues of the Japanese flounder by PCR, RT-PCR and fluorescent microscopy. Results from PCR studies indicated that the vaccine-containing plasmids were distributed in injected muscle, muscle located opposite the injection site, hind intestine, gill, spleen, head kidney, liver and gonad 7 days after vaccination. However, these vaccine-containing plasmids disappeared by 90 days following vaccination. Fluorescent microscopy observations revealed that green fluorescence appeared in muscle, muscle located at the opposite side of the injection site, hind intestine, gill, spleen, head kidney and liver of fish 36 h after vaccination, and that green fluorescence did not appear in control tissue. The green fluorescence became weaker at 60 days post-vaccination, however, it remained detectable in the spleen 90 days post-vaccination. Results from RT-PCR studies indicated that the Mcp gene is expressed in all tissues of vaccinated fish 7-20 days after vaccination. These results demonstrate that the DNA vaccine is distributed and expressed in different tissues of vaccinated fish, and therefore, may have provided an antigen producing specific immune response.     

基于RNA-Seq技术的鲮转录组分析

为满足标记辅助育种的要求,通过454测序平台首次开展了鲮Cirrhina molitorella全鱼转录组深度测序,并用 Newbler 等软件进行数据精细分析。结果表明：共获得了1297479条 reads,总碱基数为486586191 bp,组装后得到19962条contigs,平均长度为1269 bp, N50为1509 bp。基因功能注释研究共获取了10577个特异蛋白,根据特异蛋白注释结果进行GO分析,有7314条contigs有GO注释,包含5381个特异蛋白;采用GO 功能分类工具可将已注释转录物序列划分为分子功能、生物途径和细胞成分3类,为下一步开展生长等性状相关基因功能验证研究提供丰富的序列资源;共鉴定出5931个具有完整的ORF的全长cDNA序列,并且鉴定出2438个微卫星和5014个SNP位点。本研究中,还建立了鲮转录组数据库和网站,方便同行随时调取数据,这为深入开展鲮分子标记辅助的遗传育种、种群遗传学和资源评估等研究提供了丰富的标记资源。