主要禾谷类作物DGAT基因家族比较分析

二酰甘油酰基转移酶（DGAT）是三酰甘油合成的限速酶,在植物油脂合成中发挥重要作用。为明确禾谷类作物DGAT基因家族的表达特征,利用已知DGAT成员序列对主要禾谷类作物进行全基因组扫描,分析其亚型差异及表达特点。结果表明,DGAT蛋白具有高脂肪、碱性和不稳定性。系统发育树中DGAT成员聚类为4个亚族,不同亚族成员间平行进化。DGAT基因结构具有组内保守性和组间多样性,基序存在多种类型,不同亚型成员具有特异的结构域组成。DGAT上游序列中,存在植株发育和胁迫响应等多种类型顺式作用元件,说明DGAT广泛参与不同生物学过程。转录组分析结果显示,DGAT广泛存在于不同组织中。在遭遇干旱和低温等不同非生物胁迫时,DGAT受到不同程度诱导,具有时空表达差异性。本研究可为禾谷类作物DGAT基因家族成员功能研究奠定基础。     

毛竹珍稀新栽培变种——绿槽龟甲竹

描述了毛竹的1个新栽培变种——绿槽龟甲竹。其竹秆下部一段的节交互歪斜,上下节在一侧相连,而节间在另一侧偏肿呈龟甲状,竹秆黄色,且龟甲状秆对称绿色纵条纹,分枝一侧纵沟槽绿色,叶片有淡黄色细纵条纹。     

Defining and Measuring Forest Health

If forest health is to be approached scientifically, it must be defined and measured. Forest health is a condition of forest ecosystems that sustains their complexity while providing for human needs. We developed this broad definition becaue a wisely acceptable definition is lacking, and forest health is a focal point in discussions of how to sustain forest ecosystems in the United States. Steps for measuring forest health are: (1) select a representative set of indicators for a particular ecosystem; (2) establish baseline data, such as a historical range of variability; (3) develop standards against which to compare current conditions; and (4) establish a monitoring program to assess current conditions and modify baseline data as new trends develop.     

Structural and Biometric Characterization of Nothofagus betuloides Production Forests in the Magellan Region,Chile

Summary

This study, in die Chilean Magellan Region, undertook the structural and biométrie characterization of Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume (coihue de Magallanes) production forests to provide information for sustainable forest management. Six locations were surveyed, five on the continent and one on Tierra del Fuego Island. A total of 6,102 ha were photointerpreted and then checked and described in the field according to their location, environmental characteristic, and vegetation type. The degree of disturbance, stage of development, status of regeneration, and composition and cover of the understory were also described. From the surveyed locations, a total of 3,807 ha were production forests of which a 76% area had Nothofagus pumilio (lenga) and N. betuloides mixed forests. The remaining areas (24%) were pure N. betuloides forests. Nondisturbed, old-growth forests covered 47% of the surveyed area. The remaining area (53%) had some disturbance. In the nondisturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 438 m³ ha^-1, and in disturbed forests, mean volume stocks were 316 m³ ha^-1.     

ANSYS在模拟桩土接触中的应用

建立了一个桩土接触面体系的有限元模型，并对其计算理论进行分析；结合某大直径钻孔灌注桩工程实例，分析了桩土模型的荷载-沉降曲线及荷载的传递规律：通过与桩基静载试验数据对比，得出有限元模拟结果与实测值相近。分析结果对以后桩土模拟及设计有重要参考价值。     

Crop productivity under differently lopped canopies of multipurpose trees in Central Himalaya, India

Ficus species are multipurpose trees well known by rural populations in Sahelian and Sudanian zones of Africa. Their uses are well documented but their amenability for vegetative propagation has not been extensively studied. This paper compares the rooting ability of stem and aerial root cuttings from thirteen Ficus species found in West Africa. It highlights the differences between species belonging to the sub-genera Sycomorus and Urostigma. The former show no capacity to propagate from cuttings whereas the latter, with epiphytic development, can be propagated by cuttings, although this capacity varies among species. Thus, F. thonningii, F. leprieurii and F. ovata are easily propagated, while F. platyphylla and F. elasticoides are propagated with difficulty. The rooting capacity also varies depending on the cutting material used. It decreases in the following order: long leafless hardwood cuttings (pole) > nodal cuttings > apical cuttings. Rooting potential increases when the cuttings are harvested towards the end of the dry season(March to May). Aerial root can be used for cuttings in all species of the sub-genus Urostigma. The capacity of root cuttings to regenerate is greatest when cuttings are collected at the beginning of the dry season (November). In this case, wound-induced adventitious roots arise at the basal end of the cutting while de novo buds are developed from the cambium at the distal end. The subsequent morphological development is identical to that of a stem cutting. These results clarify and allow the optimal use of the knowledge and methods developed by the indigenous people of the Sahel and could assist and promote fig tree (Ficus sp.) domestication in the dry tropics.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

At5g54160 gene encodes <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis thaliana</Emphasis> 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde <Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis>-methyltransferase

The function of an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, At5g54160 annotated as a caffeic acid O-methyltransferase CAOMT gene was characterized. The recombinant enzyme of this gene (AtOMT1) catalyzed the O-methylation of phenylpropanoid and flavonoid substrates. The specificity constants (k _cat/K _m) for 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde (5-HCAld) and quercetin were both 0.11 μM⁻¹·min⁻¹. On the other hand, lignins of At5g54160-knockout Arabidopsis mutants lacked syringyl units. In addition, we showed that the gene silencing also resulted in significant accumulation of caffeyl alcohol (CaAlc). These results strongly suggested that At5g54160 gene is involved in syringyl lignin synthesis for the methylation of both 5-hydroxyconiferaldehyde and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl compound(s). Part of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry, March 24–27, 2007     

毛竹液泡膜Na+/H+逆向运输蛋白基因克隆及表达分析

植物Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白具有稳定细胞质内Na+浓度和调节pH值的功能,对植物的耐盐性具有重要的作用。利用RT-PCR和RACE技术分离出毛竹(Phyllostachys pubescens)Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白编码基因PpNHX1的cDNA序列,全长2290bp(GenBank登录号为GU295174)。该基因的编码蛋白PpNHX1包含545个氨基酸残基,进行BLASTp比对,发现其与芦苇(Phragmites communis)PcNHX1、水稻(Oryza sativa)OsNHX1的序列同源性分别为89%和88%。系统发育分析表明,PpNHX1蛋白与禾本科植物液泡膜Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白的亲缘关系较近,与质膜型Na+/H+逆向转运蛋白亲缘关系较远。以半定量RT-PCR检测PpNHX1基因的表达情况,发现PpNHX1受到200mmol/L NaCl胁迫的诱导,在4h内的表达量随NaCl处理时间延长持续增强,其中根部的表达增强幅度明显高于茎和叶;但4h后,PpNHX1在根与叶中的表达量均有所下降。推断PpNHX1基因在盐胁迫下的表达调控与毛竹耐盐能力密切相关。     

拟南芥AtHOS10基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

AtHOS10基因对植物冷调节起到重要作用,可以通过控制ABA合成来改变植物的脱水胁迫耐性。本文利用PCR方法从Columbia生态型的拟南芥基因组中扩增出冷调节基因AtHOS10,并插入克隆载体。序列分析表明,克隆片段长3453bp,与目前发表的序列完全一致。将pUC-AtHOS10和pBI-HEM进行酶切重组构建表达载体pBI-AtHOS10,然后将表达载体转化导入农杆菌中,为侵染烟草作准备。     

人工合成抗菌肽D2A21基因的克隆和表达

为了获得高效表达的抗菌肽D2A21,本研究根据抗菌肽D2A21的氨基酸序列及大肠杆菌偏爱的密码子,设计并人工合成D2A21基因,并将该合成基因克隆至pProEXHTb载体中,构建成含有含6个组氨酸标签的重组质粒。重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌中,经摇瓶发酵,IPTG诱导后,发酵液用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析。结果表明,成功合成D2A21基因,并构建了抗菌肽D2A21表达载体。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化,聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析,抗菌肽D2A21能够在大肠杆菌中稳定表达。本研究将为大规模表达纯化D2A21及其进一步的研究和利用提供一定基础。