硅肥对干旱胁迫下冬小麦旗叶抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统及产量的影响

为从抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环的抗氧化角度提示硅元素的抗旱机理,以冬小麦品种豫麦49-198为材料,研究了硅肥对不同干旱胁迫（对照、轻度胁迫、重度胁迫）下小麦旗叶抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统中关键基因表达、抗氧化物质含量及产量的影响。结果发现, 在轻度和重度胁迫持续10 d时,施用硅肥与不施用硅肥比较,小麦旗叶抗坏血酸分别提高了16.57%和8.39%,小麦旗叶中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统关键酶基因TaAPX、TaGR、TaGS相对表达量分别提高了60.23%、73.61%、11.35%和87.97%、25.70%、114.64%;在轻度胁迫和重度胁迫持续20 d时,施用硅肥与不施用硅肥比较,小麦旗叶抗坏血酸含量分别提高了18.03%和6.81%,小麦旗叶中抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统关键酶基因TaAPX、TaGR、TaGS相对表达量分别提高了124.54%、44.42%、56.80%和118.19%、41.42%、269.21%;小麦籽粒产量分别提高了29.23%和33.31%。以上结果说明,施用硅肥可以增强小麦旗叶抗坏血酸-谷胱甘肽循环系统功能,提高小麦植株的抗旱性,增加籽粒产量。     

外源NO对盐胁迫下小麦幼苗叶片丙二醛、叶绿素及氧化酶的影响

为了给小麦抗盐育种和盐渍土小麦丰产栽培提供理论依据,本试验以SNP为外源NO供体,分析不同浓度外源NO浸种对盐胁迫（100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl）下小麦幼苗叶片MDA含量、叶绿素含量、SOD活性和CAT活性的影响。结果表明,不同浓度NO可以显著降低盐胁迫后叶片中MDA含量,显著提升叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量,显著增强SOD和CAT活性（P<0.05）,其中以0.06 mmol·L^-1 SNP浸种处理效果最好。因此,外源NO对盐胁迫小麦幼苗的生长有一定的缓解作用。     

不同溶磷菌菌液对盛花期大豆生长的影响

溶磷菌能将土壤中难溶性无机磷酸盐转化为植株能吸收利用的可溶性磷,从而提高土壤中有效磷含量,促进植株生长发育。分别采用从大豆根际土壤中分离的溶磷菌wj1、wj3及其wj1+wj3混合菌液施入土壤中,研究溶磷菌株对吉林省地区主推大豆品种吉育47、吉育99和吉育406盛花期的光合作用、抗逆作用、生长量以及含磷量的影响。结果表明:溶磷菌菌液处理对3个品种大豆有不同程度的促生作用。wj1和wj3单菌种菌液处理增加了3个品种大豆盛花期的光合作用,混合菌可显著降低盛花期3个品种的蒸腾速率,从而提高植株水分利用率。wj3菌液对大豆盛花期生长量的影响较为显著,对根瘤的生长也有良好的促进作用,wj1和混合菌明显增强3个大豆品种植株的抗性。wj3和混合菌液对吉育406叶片中全磷量影响不显著,其它大豆根茎叶的全磷含量均高于对照。其中,wj1处理的根茎叶中全磷含量与对照相比达到显著水平。因此,wj1的综合促生能力优于wj3,更适合应用于农业生产中。     

Colonization, ALP activity and plant growth promotion of native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi at low pH

Soil acidity can affect arbuscular mucorrhizal fungi (AMF) in many aspects. In this study, by inoculating white clover (Trifolium ripens L.) with AMF at two pH levels (pH 5.0 and 6.0), we investigated the influences of low pH on the colonization, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and promoting effect of AMF, and also compared the different responses of native AMF community and exotic species (Gigaspora margarita) to low pH. PCR-DGGE profiles revealed the obvious difference in native AMF community structure between low and high pH. Compared to low pH, high pH decreased the total and vesicle colonization, external hyphae length density of native AMF, but exerted no effect on those of exotic AMF. For both native and exotic AMF, high pH enhanced the proportions of arbuscule and fungal structure with ALP activity in colonized roots. Both native and exotic AMF promoted the shoot biomass, with greater increase at low pH than at high pH. Plant growth was more dependent on exotic AMF than on native AMF at both pH levels. The same trends were observed in P uptake as in biomass. Our study suggested that the increase in pH can exert inhibitory effects on AMF species native to acidic soil, including ecological (community structure), functional (ALP activity) and developmental (hyphal length, vesicle and arbuscule percentage, total colonization) aspects, but have no effect on exotic species in the present experiment.     

外源基因导入对棉花同工酶的影响

外源基因蛋白酶抑制剂CPTI、Bt导入棉株后 ,这些转基因抗虫棉材料的过氧化物同工酶 (POD)酶带一致 ,酶谱差异不明显 ,有的只是酶谱色的深浅不同。酯酶同工酶 (EST)的酶谱随棉花种植的世代数 ,与亲本的差异越大。     

高粱DNA导入小麦后代的和面仪曲线变化

 高粱外源基因导入小麦后代的面团流变学特性有较大的变化,和面时间、峰高和七分钟尾高均超过或低于受体的后代,而且因受体不同表现有所差异;后代的七分钟带宽不同程度地大于受体;外源DNA导入小麦引起品质的变化,为选育高产、优质的新品种(系)提供了机会。     

Use of a Compounded Long-Acting Progesterone Formulation for Equine Pregnancy Maintenance

The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of a compounded long-acting progesterone formulation (BioRelease P4 LA 150; BETPHARM, Lexington, KY) containing 150 mg progesterone/ml for pregnancy maintenance in mares after prostaglandin (PG) F_2α-induced luteolysis. On day 18 of gestation, mares were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 7/group): (1) saline-treated control (Saline); (2) PGF_2α-treated control (PGF); (3) PGF_2α- and Regu-Mate-treated (Regu-Mate); and (4) PGF_2α- and BioRelease P4 LA 150-treated (BioRelease). On day 18, Saline mares received 1 ml sterile saline IM, whereas PGF, Regu-Mate, and BioRelease mares received 250 μg cloprostenol IM. Beginning on day 18, Regu-Mate mares received 10 ml Regu-Mate orally once daily and BioRelease mares received 10 ml BioRelease P4 LA 150 containing 150 mg/ml progesterone IM once every 7 days; treatments were continued until day 45 or until pregnancy loss occurred. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed every 3 days between days 18 and 45 (or until pregnancy loss). Pregnancy loss was defined as complete absence of a discernible embryonic vesicle as determined with transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy loss rates between days 18 and 45 were: Saline, 1/7; PGF, 7/7; Regu-Mate, 1/7; and BioRelease, 0/7. The pregnancy loss rate was higher (P < .01) in PGF_2α-treated control mares compared with the other groups. There were no differences (P > .1) in pregnancy loss rates among the saline-treated control, Regu-Mate-treated, and BioRelease P4 LA 150-treated mares. These results indicate that intramuscular administration of BioRelease P4 LA 150 containing a total of 1.5 g progesterone every 7 days provided a sufficient level of progesterone to maintain pregnancy between days 18 and 45 of gestation in mares that lacked an endogenous source of progesterone; therefore, this long-acting formulation of progesterone appears to be an efficacious and suitable alternative to currently available progesterone formulations that require daily administration.     

外源抗坏血酸对离体苹果叶片衰老的影响

 以苹果(Malus domestica Borkh. ) 品种‘嘎拉’秋梢成熟叶片为试材, 在5 mmol·L ^{- 1}抗坏血酸(AsA) 培养条件下, 研究了外源AsA 对离体苹果叶片衰老过程( 0 ～72 h) 中抗坏血酸—谷胱甘肽(AsA - GSH) 循环各组分和AsA合成关键酶L - 半乳糖酸- 1, 4 - 内酯脱氢酶(GalLDH) 的影响。结果表明, 外源AsA部分抑制了离体苹果叶片衰老过程中膜脂过氧化, 降低了H2O2含量, 但对表示膜损伤的相对膜透性影响不大。对AsA - GSH循环各组分来说, 外源AsA维持了叶片衰老过程中抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX) 和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DAHR) 的高活性, 部分抑制了单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDHAR) 活性的下降, 同时降低了GSH的氧化程度, 从而提高了AsA含量和再生能力。外源AsA 在衰老前期抑制了GalLDH活性, 降低了AsA的合成能力, 而后期维持了GalLDH的高活性。     

外源性环核苷酸对AA肉鸡脂肪和蛋白质代谢的影响

选用初生健康AA肉鸡 2 4 0只 ,随机分为 2组 ,每组 12 0只 ,每组内设 3个重复 :I组为试验组 ,每隔 4d皮下注射标准环核苷酸组合剂 ,剂量为每只鸡 0 1mL ;Ⅱ组为对照组 ,注射等量的生理盐水 ,共计 4 9d。研究结果表明 ,试验组鸡肝脏组织中总RNA、mRNA分别比对照组提高2 9 84 %和 2 6 0 3%。经单因子方差分析 ,组间均存在着显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,血浆中cAMP和cGMP的浓度显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ;血清中生长激素浓度升高 37 70 % ,球蛋白浓度提高了 34 0 9% ,甘油三酯浓度显著高于对照组 (P <0 0 1) ,尤其GOT、GPT等酶活性均有显著提高 (P <0 0 1)。