广西陆川猪和巴马香猪的分子生物学研究进展

陆川猪和巴马香猪均为产于广西被列入国家级地方品种遗传资源名录的具有优良性能的品种。近年来,深入开展地方品种猪的分子生物学基础研究已成为重点。作者现对广西陆川猪的遗传与繁殖、猪支原体肺炎病原分子致病机制,以及巴马香猪的遗传与繁殖、疾病模型方面的分子生物学研究作一综述。     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸在猪生产中的研究进展

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)是精氨酸合成链中N-乙酰谷氨酸(NAG)的类似物,可替代NAG作为机体合成精氨酸的外源前体物质,在畜禽生产具有增强机体免疫能力、促进生长发育、提高繁殖性能、改善胴体品质等作用.文章结合近年国内外研究结果就NCG的主要生物学作用及其在猪生产的应用效果作一综述,以期为NCG在猪生产中的广泛应用提供...     

原位杂交技术用于虹彩病毒对美国青蛙侵染的诊断

蛙虹彩病毒（Rana grylio virus,RGV)能引起鱼类、两栖类和爬行类水生动物严重的系统性疾病，RGV是从我国患病蛙中分离到一种虹彩病毒。体外扩增的RGV经人工方法感染幼龄美国青蛙（Rana grylio)，运用原位杂交技术，分别对感染1-3d后的蛙心、肺、肾、肠、脾、肝等6种组织进行RGV分子定位和检测，结果显示，在幼蛙的肺和肠中有较强的阳性信号，在其他组织中也检测到RGV的存在。本试验探讨了RGV感染早期在宿主体内的增殖及在不同组织中的分布状况，建立了一种彩虹病毒的早期诊断方法，并为揭示RGV的致病机制奠定了基础。     

Analysis on Polymorphisms of Three CNV Regions in Five Pig Breeds

The paper was aimed to investigate the polymorphism of copy number variation (CNV) in different pig breeds.Three CNV regions of CNVR91,CNVR92 and CNVR143 were chosen from the porcine SNP60 chip genotyping results.The polymorphisms of three CNVs were determined by Real-time quantitative PCR method,taking five pig breeds as samples,including Yorkshire pig,Xiang pig,Kele pig,Nuogu pig and Rongchang pig breeds.The results showed that the dominant status of CNVR91 was loss in Xiang pig,while it was normal in other four pig breeds.The major type of CNVR92 was deletion in Xiang pig,Yorkshire pig,Kele pig and Rongchang pig breeds,with a high normal percent in Nuogu pig.For CNVR143,the dominant event was gain in Xiang pig and Nuogu pig breeds,but it was not diverse in other three pig breeds.These results indicated that three CNV regions emerged with polymorphism in five pig breeds,which might have effects on gene expression in CNV regions and physiological function by dosage effect especially in Xiang pig,Nuogu pig and Kele pig breeds.     

鸭疫里默氏杆菌的共感染情况调查

为了调查山东省鸭疫里默氏杆菌病与其他疾病的混合感染情况,对从山东省6个肉鸭养殖较多县(市)收集到的118份样品进行了大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的分离鉴定。结果显示,鸭疫里默氏杆菌和大肠杆菌单独感染分别占到样品总数的21.18%和11.86%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌与大肠杆菌和鸭病毒性肝炎的双重感染最为普遍,分别占到样品总数的38.14%和18.64%,鸭疫里默氏杆菌、鸭大肠杆菌、鸭病毒性肝炎的三重感染占到样品总数的6.78%。其中,鸭大肠杆菌的优势血清型为O₇₈和O₉₂,分别占总分离株数的16.90%和15.49%,其次是血清型O₉₃和O₁₄₂,分别占到总分离株的11.27%和8.45%。     

不同饲料饲喂断奶仔猪对比试验研究

为了给断奶仔猪选择合适的饲料类型,采用2种类型的饲料对60头35日龄断奶的仔猪进行饲养试验。试验分为2组,即颗粒饲料组和粉状饲料组,每组三个重复,经30 d的饲养试验,结果表明：颗粒饲料组仔猪体质量每日增加数、日头均耗料量明显高于粉状饲料组（P〈0.05）,且颗粒饲料组的经济效益要高于粉状饲料组,而饲料转化效率没有明显差异（P〉0.05）,说明颗粒饲料比粉状饲料更适合饲喂断奶仔猪.     

低蛋白质对猪胴体品质的影响

本文综述了补充平衡氨基酸的低蛋白质日粮时于断奶仔猪及肥育猪的生产性能、胴体品质、脏器重量影响的研究,并分析了低蛋白质日粮对其生产性能和肉质影响的可能原因.     

Effects of active immunization against myostatin on carcass quality and expression of the myostatin gene in pigs

The study was conducted to investigate the effects of active immunization against myostatin on the titer of myostatin antibody, carcass evaluation, activity of creatine kinase and the expression of the myostatin gene in pigs. Eighteen pigs were allotted into three groups (six pigs per group), and pigs in treatment 1, 2 and 3 were immunized with physiological saline, 1 mg or 4 mg myostatin per pig, respectively. Six pigs were killed by electrical stunning followed by exsanguination at BW of 100 kg. The results indicated that the titer of myostatin antibody was increased in treated groups compared to the control group on day 42 ( P  < 0.01) and d 84 ( P  < 0.01). The carcass lean percentage was significantly increased in the treatment groups compared to the control group ( P  < 0.01), and intramuscular fat was significantly decreased in the 4 mg group compared to the control group ( P  < 0.05). The muscle creatine kinase activity of pigs treated with 1 mg and 4 mg myostatin was lower than the control group. The immunization of myostatin signofocantly decreased the myostatin gene expression levels in muscle. It was concluded that optimal active immunization against myostatin could increase the content of myostatin antibody, suppress the activity of creatine kinase and the expression of myostatin gene, and therefore improve the carcass lean percentage for pigs.     

非洲猪瘟疫情形势下生长育肥猪饲养管理关键技术

育肥猪的科学饲养与管理直接影响猪场经济效益,非洲猪瘟疫情形势下的育肥猪生产更是充满挑战与压力。文章旨在针对生长育肥猪养殖的基本环节及操作要点,从环境控制、科学饲养与管理、严格防疫等方面阐述了育肥猪养殖的关键技术,为非洲猪瘟疫情防控形势下的生猪保供复产提供技术支撑。     

新生仔猪的护理——以上海某规模猪场为例

我国养猪业发展迅速,整体水平在不断提高,但是与养殖业较为发达的国家相比仍有一些差距。以每年每头母猪断奶的仔猪数（PSY）为例,目前国外养猪发达国家PSY普遍已超30头,而我国却仍在25头左右,仍有较大的提升空间。仔猪护理工作在生猪生产过程中尤为重要,一旦护理措施不当就会造成仔猪死亡,从而降低PSY,直接影响到养猪企业的经济效益。规模猪场仔猪死亡的主要原因就是由于仔猪护理不当所引起的,仔猪护理问题一直是养猪业的一个难题。文内以2020年4—5月上海某规模猪场某栋产房新生仔猪（共477头,其中压死8头,瘦弱致死12头,腹泻致死亡的32头）为例,介绍规模猪场的仔猪护理及注意事项,以期为仔猪护理工作提供借鉴。