不同时间断乳对母牦牛发情影响的观察

对带犊牦牛分别在8月1日、8月27日和10月12日进行断乳,结果Ⅰ组母牛共发情104头,发情率为69.33%,Ⅱ组母牛发情54头,发情率为36.00%,Ⅰ组比Ⅱ组多发情50头,高48.01%,差异性极显著(P<0.01)。Ⅲ组母牛发情4头,发情率4%。Ⅱ组比三组Ⅲ组多发情36头,高90%,差异性极显著(P<0.01)。Ⅰ组母牦牛发情率最高,持续时间长,Ⅱ组母牦牛只有一个发情高峰,持续比较短,Ⅲ组母牦牛发情率低,持续时间也短。     

性控冻精对同期发情奶牛输精效果观察

为观察奶牛养殖场应用同期发情后,实施性控冻精人工授精的效果进行试验。本试验设立性控组和常规组,分别进行人工授精,在相同饲养管理条件下观察两组试验奶牛配种、妊娠、产母犊情况。结果表明:同期发情率为81.43%,而且84.38集中在36h内;试验组奶牛产母犊率达94.12%,明显高于常规组55.56%的产母犊率,说明该性控冻精在奶牛性别控制中的效果明显,值得推广。     

布尔山羊超数排卵胚胎移植试验

本试验采用置入炔诺酮阴道栓 FSH 氯前列烯醇同期发情、超数排卵处理方法，对8只布尔山羊(供体羊)、90只洪洞奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超排数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下：(1)8只供体羊回收胚胎数量、可用胚胎数量、羊均回收胚胎数量、羊均可用胚胎数量、可用胚比率分别为182枚、172枚、22．8枚、21．5枚、94．5％；(2)90只受体羊共有81只羊达到同期发情效果，发情同期率为90．0％；(3)150枚可用胚胎共移植洪洞奶山羊73只，妊娠51只，产羔80只，妊娠率69．9％，胚胎成羔率53．5％。     

化学、同步生化复合处理对玉米秸秆营养物质降解率的影响

玉米Zea mays秸秆经11种化学、同步生化对应处理方法处理后,用尼龙袋法测定了干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在滩羊瘤胃内的降解率.结果表明, 同步复合生化处理效果总体上优于化学复合处理, DM降解率最高(生化处理9)为74.25%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理7)降解率53.54%提高了22.47%;粗纤维(CF)降解率最高(生化处理11)为76.92%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理9)降解率65.57%提高了17.31%;ADF降解率最高(生化处理9)为75.12%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理3)降解率38.10%提高了1倍.经综合评价,同步生化复合处理9效果最优.同时说明,化学、生物同步处理对提高秸秆营养物质降解率具有明显效果.     

Effect of body condition score and reuse of progesterone‐releasing intravaginal devices on conception rate following timed artificial insemination in Nelore cows

This study had the aim of investigating the efficiency of timed artificial insemination (TAI) through the progesterone‐releasing intravaginal device (PRID), used in new condition and for the second and third times in Nelore cows. The effects of device reuse and body condition score (BCS) on the conception rate (CR) were evaluated in 1,122 multiparous Nelore cows (mean BCS of 2.7 ± 0.4), which were randomly distributed into three groups that received new (n = 330), once (n = 439) and twice used (n = 353) PRID. Among the 1,122 females that underwent TAI, 573 became pregnant, thus representing an overall CR of 51.06%. Cows with BCS between 2.75 and 4.0 had greater (p < .0001) CR (69.75%) than cows with BSC of 2.0–2.5 (32.98%). It was observed that the CR through using PRID was 60.00%, 51.71% and 41.93% for new, once and twice used PRID, respectively, with difference between all groups (p < .0001). Under tropical conditions, animals with BCS greater than 2.5 had a higher CR, and the CR decreased proportionally with the number of times that the PRID had been used.     

半血野牦牛超数排卵研究

为提高高寒环境下牦牛的繁殖能力,选用青海大通种牛场半血野牦牛(n=12),进行了同期发情和超数排卵试验。结果表明,用氯前列烯醇处理后的发情率为(12/12)100%,用药后25~36 h之间发情的占(3/12)25%、37~48 h之间发情的占(9/12)75%。用中科院动物所生产FSH8.4 mg、FSH8.8 mg、PVP包埋FSH8.5 mg和新西兰产FSH15 mg进行超数排卵。结果表明,用中科院动物所生产FSH8.8mg超数排卵处理后,回收胚胎17枚,有效胚胎12枚,头均4枚;用新西兰产FSH15 mg超数排卵后,回收胚胎2枚,有效胚胎2枚,头均0.7枚,其他两组没有得到胚胎。     

塔里木马鹿、天山马鹿和梅花鹿同期发情调控技术研究

试验采用CIDR(阴道药栓) PMSG(孕马血清促性腺激素)的方法分别对塔里木马鹿(Cervusela-phusyarkandensis)、天山马鹿(Cervuselaphussongaricus)和梅花鹿(Cervusnippon)进行了同期发情处理,目的是将自行研制的CIDR与新西兰产CIDR从处理效果与成本上进行比较。此外,还将GnRH与hCG对母鹿的促排卵作用进行了比较,其中重点对塔里木马鹿进行了较深入的研究。结果表明,本试验设计的CIDR及配套处理方案与新西兰进口CIDR的处理效果无明显差异(P>0.05),但成本价格降低约50%;GnRH与hCG均可显著提高母鹿排卵率(P<0.05),而二者在处理效应上无明显差异(P>0.05)。     

褪黑素调控绵羊季节性发情的研究进展

褪黑素是松果腺细胞合成的吲哚胺类激素中生物活性最高的1种神经激素,该激素调节着体内的多种生理活动。对褪黑素的合成、代谢、作用机制以及对绵羊的季节性发情的影响进行了阐述。     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。     

An attempt at estrus detection in cattle by continuous measurements of ventral tail base surface temperature with supervised machine learning

We aimed to determine the effectiveness of estrus detection based on continuous measurements of the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) with supervised machine learning in cattle. ST data were obtained through 51 estrus cycles on 11 female cattle (six Holsteins and five Japanese Blacks) using the tail-attached sensor. Three estrus detection models were constructed with the training data (n = 17) using machine learning techniques (random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector machine) based on 13 features extracted from sensing data (indicative of estrus-associated ST changes). Estrus detection abilities of the three models on test data (n = 34) were not statistically different among models in terms of sensitivity and precision (range 50.0% to 58.8% and 60.6% to 73.1%, respectively). The relatively poor performance of the models might indicate the difficulty of separating estrus-associated ST changes from estrus-independent fluctuations in ST.