Untersuchungen zur Brunstsynchronisation und Samenübertragung bei Schafen verschiedener Rassen

Inhalt Bei insgesamt 500 Schafen (260 Merino, 120 Dagliç, 120 Ramliç) in drei Schafzuchtbetrieben in der Türkei wurde durch Verabreichung von Gestagen-Vaginal-schwämmchen + PMSG oder PGF_2α (ein- bzw. zweimal) die Brunst induziert. 4 bis 6 Stunden nach der Brunstbeobachtung mittels Suchbock erfolgte die zervikale Besamung mit tiefgefrorenem (TG) oder frisch gewonnenem Sperma von Böcken der jeweils selben Rassen. Mit Hilfe von Gestagen+PMSG wurde bei allen Rassen die höchste Östrusinduktionsrate (96, 7 bis 98,3%) erzielt. Einmalige PGF_2α Verabreichung rief bei 60%, zweimalige PGF_2α Injektion im Abstand von 9 Tagen bei 88,3% der Schafe Brunst hervor. PGF_2α hatte den besten Synchronisationseffekt (80,6 bis 88,2%) 48 Stunden nach der Applikation. Die Non Return Raten 35 bis 40 Tage nach Besamung betrugen unabhängig vom Synchronisationsverfahren und von der Rasse 21,4 bis 41,9% bzw. 55,6 bis 84,2% nach Verwendung von TG- bzw. Frischsamen. Die besten Non Return Ergebnisse wurden bei den drei Rassen nach Brunstinduktion mit Gestagen+PMSG beobachtet. Rasseabhängige Unterschiede bezüglich der Brunstinduktion-und -synchronisation ließen sich statistisch nicht absichern. Contents: Investigations upon oestrus synchronization and artificial insemination in ewes of different breeds In a total of 500 ewes (260 Merino, 120 Dagliç, 120 Ramliç) of three sheep breeding farms in Turkey oestrus induction was performed by application of progestagen imprepated vaginal sponges+PMSG or of PGF_2α (given once or twice). 4 to 6 hours after oestrus detection by a teaser ram the ewes were inseminated cervically with frozen-thawed or fresh semen of rams of the same breeds. In all breeds the highest rate of oestrus induction (96.7 to 98.3%) was obtained by means of progestagen+PMSG. A single injection of PGF_2α provoced heat in 60%, while two injections with an interval of 9 days induced oestrus in 88.3% of the treated ewes. PGF_2α had the best synchronizing effect (80.6 to 88.2%) at 48 hours after application. Regardless of the breed and the synchronization method, the non return rates 35 to 40 days after insemination were 21.4 to 41.9% and 55.6 to 84.2% for frozen-thawed and fresh semen resp. In all breeds the best non return results were observed after oestrus induction with progestagen+PMSG. With regard to induction and synchronization of oestrus breed dependent differences could not be statistically confirmed.     

猪定时输精技术研究进展

猪定时输精技术主要分为简式定时输精和精准定时输精。采用定时输精技术可达到生猪生产批次化的目标,该技术是现代规模化养殖企业实现"全进全出"制的重要技术手段。本文综述了猪定时输精技术的发展历程,阐释了定时输精的技术原理,简要比较了几种生殖激素的使用和输精方案的实施,为猪定时输精技术的生产应用提供参考。     

布尔山羊超数排卵胚胎移植试验

本试验采用置入炔诺酮阴道栓 FSH 氯前列烯醇同期发情、超数排卵处理方法，对8只布尔山羊(供体羊)、90只洪洞奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超排数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下：(1)8只供体羊回收胚胎数量、可用胚胎数量、羊均回收胚胎数量、羊均可用胚胎数量、可用胚比率分别为182枚、172枚、22．8枚、21．5枚、94．5％；(2)90只受体羊共有81只羊达到同期发情效果，发情同期率为90．0％；(3)150枚可用胚胎共移植洪洞奶山羊73只，妊娠51只，产羔80只，妊娠率69．9％，胚胎成羔率53．5％。     

化学、同步生化复合处理对玉米秸秆营养物质降解率的影响

玉米Zea mays秸秆经11种化学、同步生化对应处理方法处理后,用尼龙袋法测定了干物质(DM)、粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)在滩羊瘤胃内的降解率.结果表明, 同步复合生化处理效果总体上优于化学复合处理, DM降解率最高(生化处理9)为74.25%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理7)降解率53.54%提高了22.47%;粗纤维(CF)降解率最高(生化处理11)为76.92%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理9)降解率65.57%提高了17.31%;ADF降解率最高(生化处理9)为75.12%,比化学处理组(化学复合处理3)降解率38.10%提高了1倍.经综合评价,同步生化复合处理9效果最优.同时说明,化学、生物同步处理对提高秸秆营养物质降解率具有明显效果.     

非繁殖季节太行山羊胚胎移植方案研究

对48只太行山羊(供体羊)、40只太行山羊和120只奶山羊(受体羊)进行了同期发情和超数排卵胚胎移植试验。其结果如下:(1)CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,有效发情率为75%;CIDR FSH对奶山羊同期发情,有效发情率为73%。(2)CIDR FSH LH组平均可用胚胎数分别与CIDR PMSG组和CIDR PMSG LH组之间差异达到极显著水平(P<0.01),而与CI-DR FSH组之间差异显著(P<0.05)。(3)CIDR FSH LH超排时,用CIDR FSH对奶山羊进行同期发情,受体妊娠率为56%;CIDR PMSG对太行山羊同期发情,受体妊娠率为60%水平。证明在非繁殖季节对太行山羊采用CIDR FSH LH超数排卵和以太行山羊及奶山羊为受体分别用CIDR PMSG和CIDR FSH同期发情来进行胚胎移植的技术方案是可行的。     

An attempt at estrus detection in cattle by continuous measurements of ventral tail base surface temperature with supervised machine learning

We aimed to determine the effectiveness of estrus detection based on continuous measurements of the ventral tail base surface temperature (ST) with supervised machine learning in cattle. ST data were obtained through 51 estrus cycles on 11 female cattle (six Holsteins and five Japanese Blacks) using the tail-attached sensor. Three estrus detection models were constructed with the training data (n = 17) using machine learning techniques (random forest, artificial neural network, and support vector machine) based on 13 features extracted from sensing data (indicative of estrus-associated ST changes). Estrus detection abilities of the three models on test data (n = 34) were not statistically different among models in terms of sensitivity and precision (range 50.0% to 58.8% and 60.6% to 73.1%, respectively). The relatively poor performance of the models might indicate the difficulty of separating estrus-associated ST changes from estrus-independent fluctuations in ST.     

Lunar cycles and reproductive activity in reef fishes with particular attention to rabbitfishes

Cues from the moon influence synchrony in growth, feeding, migration, behaviour and reproduction of many reef fishes. Compared with comprehensive studies on the annual and daily activities of fish, few physiological studies have paid attention to the importance of lunar cues in reproductive activities. We review mutual and interesting relationships between fish reproduction and environmental changes induced by the moon, with particular emphasis on the reproductive activity of the rabbitfishes (Siganidae). Rabbitfish species exhibit, in nature, a definitive reproductive season, which differs among the tropical areas. During the reproductive season, synchronous spawning of rabbitfish is associated with a particular lunar phase. The lunar phase used by the respective species is similar in different regions on the earth. Histological observations revealed that gonads develop synchronously towards a peak around the spawning lunar phase, after which the gonads return to spent condition. Concomitant with gonadal development, sex steroid hormones were produced under the influence of gonadotropin (GtH). Injections of human chronic gonadotropin (hCG) to the fish that are undergoing active spermatogenesis accelerated testicular maturation. These results suggest that hormonal response in maturing the gonads in rabbitfish is under the regulation of GtH, and that pituitary secretion of GtH according to the lunar cycle accounts for the lunar rhythm in gonadal development. We speculate that the cues from the moon can be recognized by the higher parts of the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonadal axis. Possible relationships between exogenous environmental factors and the lunar‐reproductive rhythm are also discussed.     

农区半放牧半舍饲模式下肉用母牛同期优化方案的研究

为研究与优化不同同期发情方案对肉用母牛繁殖受胎率的影响。本研究在半放牧半舍饲模式下分别应用Ovsynch法、二次PG法、CIDR+PG法、CIDR+PG+GnRH法同期发情方案对夏洛莱牛、新疆褐牛、西门塔尔牛及相关杂交牛进行处理,在AI后通过直肠触诊和超声检查对牛进行妊娠诊断。结合PG剂量与BCS对受胎率统计分析得出,Ovsynch组、二次PG组分别与CIDR+PG组、CIDR+PG+GnRH组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）,在应用CIDR进行同期处理的牛群中,BCS<3组与其他三组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）;BCS≥8组与其他三组受胎率差异显著（P＜0.05）。这些结果表明,不同同期发情方案对牛受胎率有显著影响,而BCS对受胎率也有一定影响。本研究为半放牧半舍饲模式下肉用母牛同期发情方案的选择与优化提供了参考。     

褪黑素调控绵羊季节性发情的研究进展

褪黑素是松果腺细胞合成的吲哚胺类激素中生物活性最高的1种神经激素,该激素调节着体内的多种生理活动。对褪黑素的合成、代谢、作用机制以及对绵羊的季节性发情的影响进行了阐述。     

林麝胚胎移植研究初报

用獐子作受体进行林麝的胚胎移植试验。应用PMSG和PGF24诱导供体林麝和受体獐进行同期发情试验，供体林麝在发情配种后8～10天，手术法进行胚胎收集，结果表明，单独应用PMSG或PGF24使供体林麝与受体獐达到了预期同期发情效果，对2头林麝进行手术，发现卵巢上各有数枚黄体存在，在冲卵液中未检到胚胎。研究揭示，手术法可能是适合林麝的胚胎收集方法之一。