不同通风工艺在浅圆仓中应用的研究

在对大豆进行冬季通风作业时,采用正压上行压入式、负压下行吸出式和先负压后正压三种作业方式分阶段进行通风,充分的利用自然冷源,达到降温目的,通过对比三种作业方式的降温效果、水分损耗、降温能耗、人工投入等,并根据粮情,找出最合适的通风方式。     

Airway management under general anaesthesia in pigs using the LMA-ProSeal: a pilot study

OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the LMA-ProSeal for positive pressure ventilation (PPV) in the pig. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. ANIMALS: Twelve German country pigs, weighing 25-62 kg. METHOD: Lungs of pigs were mechanically ventilated under general anaesthesia using the LMA-ProSeal. The ease of insertion, number of attempts and total time until placement of the LMA-ProSeal and gastric tube were recorded. Bronchoscopy was performed to determine the position of the LMA-ProSeal and to detect signs of aspiration. Ventilation variables and the leak airway pressure (P(leak)) were measured. An arterial blood gas sample was taken to determine the adequacy of ventilation. RESULTS: The airway was secured in all pigs within 39 +/- 19 seconds (27-51). Different sizes of LMA-ProSeal were used; up to 30 kg: size 3, up to 43 kg: size 4; and above 43 kg: size 5. In all but one animal the P-LMA and gastric tube were inserted at the first attempt. In nine animals gastric fluid was drained through the gastric tube. There was no evidence of aspiration in any animal. The mean [+/-SD (95%CI)]P(leak) was 28.8 +/- 7.5 cm H(2)O (24.06-33.60) and normal ventilation was achieved in all animals. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that the airway of pigs weighing 25-62 kg can be secured safely and reliably with the sizes 3, 4 and 5 LMA-ProSeal. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Endotracheal intubation in pigs can be difficult so there is a risk of hypoxemia in the apnoeic animal. With the LMA-ProSeal the airway can be secured rapidly, safely and reliably. Use of the Standard-LMA under PPV can be associated with gas leakage into the stomach and the subsequent risk of gastric distension and regurgitation. Both the ability to drain the stomach and the high P(leak) of the LMA-ProSeal could contribute to improved protection against aspiration under PPV.     

mRNA差异显示技术研究进展

运用mRNA差异显示技术可以了解不同细胞或同类细胞在不同发育阶段、不同生理状态下的基因表达状况,为研究生命活动过程提供重要信息.对差异显示技术的基本原理、优缺点以及近年来此方法的改进进行了论述和评价,并对其应用前景进行了简单分析.     

冀西北地区绵羊螨虫感染情况调查研究

为摸清冀西北地区绵羊螨虫的感染情况,选取冀西北地区坝上和坝下几个具有代表性的养殖场,通过临床症状、显微镜检查和统计学分析对绵羊感染螨虫的发病情况、不同年龄、不同季节感染情况进行试验研究。结果表明:冀西北地区绵羊螨虫阳性率44%,不同年龄、不同季节的绵羊螨虫阳性率均具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。     

Differential distribution and response to experimental sexual maturation of two forms of brain gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the European eel,Anguilla anguilla

Using specific radioimmunoassays for the two GnRH molecular forms present in the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, (mGnRH and cGnRH II), we compared their distributions in the pituitary and different parts of the brain of female silver eels, as well as the modifications of their levels in experimentally matured female eels (treated with carp pituitary extract). In control eels, mGnRH levels were higher than cGnRH II levels in the pituitary, olfactory lobes and telencephalon, di- and mesencephalon, while the opposite was found in the posterior part of the brain (met- and myelencephalon). Experimental sexual maturation of the gonads significantly increased mGnRH levels in the pituitary and anterior parts of the brain; such a positive effect was not observed on the low cGnRH II levels, which were, in contrast, reduced. These data indicate that the positive feedback of gonadal hormones on GnRH, that we previously demonstrated, would specifically affect the mGnRH form. The differential distribution and control of mGnRH and cGnRH II suggest that these two forms have different physiological roles in the eel. The large increase in mGnRH during sexual maturation suggests the prime implication of this form in the neuroendocrine control of reproduction.     

一种基于微分进化的采摘机器人运动反解方法

针对传统的采摘机器人运动反解求法的求解过程过于繁琐及自适应性等不足,提出了一种基于微分进化的采摘机器人运动反解求取方法。该方法首先利用采摘机器人运动正解方程构造出求解采摘机器人运动反解的目标函数,然后运用微分进化算法的泛化性和自适应性对该目标函数进行优化处理,从而求解出采摘机器人运动反解。同时,为了分析该方法的性能,还分别对传统的采摘机器人运动反解和基于微分进化的采摘机器人运动反解进行了对比试验,从而验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

神经网络在养殖水质精准预测方面的研究进展

目前神经网络研究文献成果较多,虽然在水质精准预测方面起到了一定的参考,但由于文献缺少科学分类,使用率不高,导致学者难以找到研究切入点。针对这一问题,本文将神经网络方法在养殖区水质精准预测方面的文献按照海水和淡水两大领域进行分类,主要对每个领域所应用的预测模型从正反馈架构、循环架构和混合架构三个方向对海水时空序列文献进行分类研究和综述,发现混合架构模型的预测性能优于正反馈模型和循环架构模型,有利于提升不同深度水质预测模型的精度。另外,本文对基于神经网络方法的三维水质预测模型进行了初步探讨,发现学者的研究成果更多地集中在水表层和水中层的不同位置水质参数的变化方面,而神经网络方法对水表层水质预测精度比水中层和水深层水质预测精度高。     

Sex change in coral reef fish

Gonadal differentiation can take many forms in fish, ranging from gonochorism, where individuals directly develop as male or female and finally possess only testis or ovaries at sexual maturation, to hermaphroditism where the same individuals can produce mature male and female gametes at some time in their lives. Hermaphrodite fish are, thus, an excellent model for studying the plasticity of sex determination and differentiation in vertebrates. We have shown that sex steroids play a principal role in sex differentiation and sex change in fish. Our laboratory implements several fish models that undergo sex change from female to male or male to female or in both directions. In this review, we will briefly discuss recent advances in our understanding of the mechanism of sex change in coral reef fish.     

Involvement of steroid hormones in the preovulatory gonadotropin surge in female goldfish

Goldfish,Carassius auratus, spawn several times within a spawning season. A gonadotropin (GtH) surge occurs at the time of ovulation in this cyprinid species. This ovulatory GtH surge mediates the processes of final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and occurs at the end of each spawning cycle. Within a cycle, there is a shift in the predominant plasma steroid from estradiol to testosterone, and finally 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one at the time of the ovulatory GtH surge. High levels of testosterone were always observed before ovulation. When ovariectomized or sexually regressed female goldfish were implanted with testosterone, they exhibited a GtH surge which was similar to those normally observed at ovulation. These results strongly suggest that elevated plasma testosterone is an important physiological requirement for the occurrence of the GtH surge.