四棱豆过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

为了阐明过氧化物酶(POD)同工酶在四棱豆中的分布规律,鉴定不同四棱豆品种间的亲缘关系,选育优势杂交亲本,我们采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板电泳技术,研究了同一株四棱豆(K0027)不同节位成熟叶片和16个品种的POD同工酶酶谱特征。结果表明:POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆9个不同节位成熟叶片中的酶带数均为10条,并且各酶带相应的Rf值基本相同;而在16个不同四棱豆品种中酶带数为6～11条,并且各酶带的宽窄、颜色深浅等特征存在明显的差异。结合各酶带的相对迁移率(Rf值)和品种间的联合相似系数(S值)分析可知,(1)POD同工酶在同一株四棱豆不同节位成熟叶片中的表达具有高度的稳定性和相似性;(2)POD同工酶在所选的16个品种间存在明显的差异性,其中K0006和K0035、早熟二号,K0021和K0028品种间的S值在0.2～0.4之间,为最小值,即这两组品种间的亲缘关系最远,为优势杂交亲本组合;(3)同时阐明了POD同工酶在四棱豆中的相关分布规律,为植物分类或品种鉴定提供了科学依据,对杂交育种选材具有重要的实践指导意义。     

不同菌株绿僵菌酯酶型与其致病力的关系

对17株绿僵菌的酯酶同工酶培养特性和毒力进行了比较研究。结果表明:不同菌株酯酶同工酶型不同,绿僵菌的毒力与酶型及菌株培养特性有一定相关性。同工酶型可作为毒力筛选和鉴定绿僵菌种的标志。     

江西猕猴桃属植物POD同工酶研究

采用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，分析了江西野生猕猴桃20种或变种的叶片POD同工酶，并运用相似关系R-链连接法进行了模糊聚类分析。结果表明：(1)不同种间POD同工酶谱存在很大的差异；(2)POD同工酶有阶段性和相对稳定性，可运用于猕猴桃属植物的亲缘关系鉴定和初步分类；(3)模糊聚类反映了各分类群的亲缘关系，与传统依据形态分类提及的亲缘关系大体一致。本研究将江西猕猴桃属植物聚为4类，这与传统的分类方式并不一致，只有净果组的几个种成为单一类群，其余种或变种相互混杂。因此，认为现有的分类方法有待于进一步修订。     

THE STUDY ON ESTERASE AND PEROXIDASE ISOZYMES OF WHEAT LANDRACES FROM SHAANXI, CHINA

<正> The esterase and peroxidase isozymes of 63 landraces of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from Shaanxi province, China have been studied. The results showed as follows:Significant differences of either esterase or peroxidase isozymes were detected in both roots and shoots of seedling among landraces. E_3 and E_5 were special for roots; E_4, E_(10), E_(11), E_(12) and E_(13) only appeared in shoots. 2 types of isozyme patterns of esterase were involved in roots, but 4 types in shoots. No variation of peroxidase isozymes appeared in roots, but 3 variations arose in shoots. The roots showed more zymograms and more activity than the shoots in peroxidase isozyme.     

丽斑麻蜥和山地麻蜥组织LDH同工酶谱比较研究

应用灵敏度较高的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，结合尿素抑制实验．对丽斑麻蜥和山地麻蜥不同组织（如脑、肝、小肠、心肌、肾、睾丸、肌肉和眼球）中ＬＤＨ同工酶的分布特征和性质进行比较研究。实验结果，两种麻蜥不同组织ＬＤＨ同工酶酶谱十分相似，并具有组织器官特异性、在心肌和小肠等组织中ＬＤＨ同工酶表现出一定的种间特异性。ＬＤＨ同Ｌ酶对尿素抑制的敏感程度依次为ＬＤＨ３＞ＬＤＨ２＞ＬＤＨ１。ＬＤＨ同工酶分布特征与其生理功能和生活环境有一定关系。     

芝麻隐性核不育系0176A不育株与可育株酯酶同工酶研究

以芝麻隐性核不育系0176A为材料,采用超薄层聚丙烯酰胺等电聚焦电泳法研究分析0176A酯酶同工酶(EST)谱带数量和活性强弱与其育性的关系。结果表明:在蕾期的叶片和花药中,0176A不育株与可育株EST的谱带数量和活性强弱均有一定的差异,即不育株叶片、幼蕾和开放花花药中EST条带数多于相应的可育株,在PI 5.18时可育株比不育株酶活性强。利用EST这种表达上的差异性,可为快速鉴别出芝麻不育株和伪杂种提供参考依据。     

家蚕品种间游离氨基酸和酯酶同工酶的研究

家蚕血液中游离氨基酸总含量在品种间差异很大，最大开差可达２倍。蚕体合成丝素原料的丝氨酸、脯氨酸、苏氨酸、甘氨酸等４种氨基酸以及组氨酸、赖氨酸、胱氨酸在血液中含量较高。肠液中氨基酸总含量显著低于血液中，两者最大差值达２０倍，无相关性。品种间酯酶同工酶酶带的相似系数为０．６７～１．００，说明在某些品种问有较高的相似性，而在另一些品种间又有明显的差异性。     

Transcription and induction profiles of two esterase genes in susceptible and acaricide-resistant Tetranychus cinnabarinus

The carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus is the most serious of crop mite pests in China. Their ability to rapidly develop resistance to acaricides has caused difficulty in controlling this mite. In this study, the molecular mechanism of acaricide resistance associated with esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 was investigated in susceptible and acaricide-resistant strains of T. cinnabarinus. The quantitative real-time PCR (qrtPCR) method was adopted to compare the expression level of two esterase genes TCE1 and TCE2 among four different strains (abamectin-resistant, AbR; fenpropathrin-resistant, FeR; omethoate-resistant, OmR and susceptible strains, S) of T. cinnabarinus. The relative expression level of TCE2 was 1.39-2.47 fold in the three resistant strains compared with the S strain. And after inducing with abamectin, fenpropathrin, and omethoate the highest expression level of TCE2 in the S was 1.64-, 2.92- and 2.24-fold compared with the control, respectively, and this difference was found to be significant. However, there was no obvious difference of the mRNA relative expression levels of TCE1 genes among the four strains, and those of TCE1 were not higher than the control throughout the study. Furthermore, the expression modes of TCE1 and TCE2 in AbR and FeR were similar with that in the S after being treated with abamectin and fenpropathrin, respectively. These results indicated that the enhanced expression of esterase gene TCE2 was associated with acaricide-resistance in T.cinnabarinus.     

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异

旋孢腔菌种间杂交酯酶同工酶的变异董金皋，王江柱，朱杰华，段慧军，王玉真（河北农业大学植保系，保定０７１００１）（河北农业大学教学试验场，保定０７１００１）关键词玉米；旋孢腔菌；酯酶同工酶ＶａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｏｆＥｓｔｅｒａｓｅＩｓｏｚｙｍｅｓｏｆＩｎｔ...     

土壤干旱对冬小麦功能叶过氧化物酶同工酶及抗旱性的影响

以６个抗旱性不同的冬小麦品种为试验材料，研究了土壤干旱对拨节期冬小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶、生物产量及某些经济性状的影响。结果表明：一定程度的土壤干旱可导致小麦功能叶片过氧化物酶同工酶发生相应的变化，抗旱性不同的小麦品种其同工酶酶谱不同，其酶谱变化与抗旱性间存在着一定的相关性。