玉米疯顶病的传播与防治研究

通过人工诱发，初步证实了来自玉米疯顶病病田的土壤和植株病残体能够传播病害，是疯顶病在当地持续发生的主要原因；但病害的发生必须依赖于田间土壤具有较高的含水量并在玉米幼苗出土前的萌发期田间发生积水。利用杀菌剂进行玉米种子包衣，对疯顶病具有防治作用，其中甲霜灵锰锌的防治效果达到39．9％～51．3％，杀毒矾也有一定的防效，甲霜灵锰锌是今后开展玉米疯顶病田间防治的主要杀菌剂。利用病田淹水诱发方式，初步评价了37份品种的感病性，发现在多数感病品种中，高度感疯顶病的自交系掖478是其亲本之一。对120份玉米品种在病区自然条件下的发病状况进行调查，为避免感疯顶病品种在病害发生区的推广提供了信息。     

基于Logistic模型的四川省南溪区农地流转微观主体意愿的实证分析

为促进农地流转,采用问卷法、访谈法和Logistic方法进行数据采集和分析,实证分析了农地流转农户意愿的影响因素。结果表明:主事者性别、年龄、职业、家庭劳动力人数、非农收入比、家中有无干部、社保参保率以及流转交易时间成本与农户农地流转意愿具有显著相关关系。要促进农地流转,首先应弱化土地对农民的保障功能,同时要完善政府职责,建立流转平台。     

垂直传播引起的鸡沙门氏菌病的诊断与防治

晋中地区某海兰褐父母代种鸡场的孵化室突然发生孵化率下降10%,孵化出的19 800羽商品蛋雏鸡,在经14个养殖场饲养到5～12日龄时发生以下白色痢、糊肛为特征的疾病,死亡率达16.6%。经流行病学调查、临床诊断和实验室诊断,结果表明,引起该病的病原为沙门氏菌,它来源于种鸡饲料中的鱼粉原料,并对氧氟沙星和头孢噻肟高敏。     

多路径下桃园射频信号传输特性

为解决无线传感器网络在桃园中的快速部署问题,该文研究了2.4 GHz无线射频信号在桃园中的传播特性。依据角度选取4条传输路径,在3种(0.5、1.5、2.5 m)典型的天线高度,同时测量丢包率和路径损耗情况,分析表明两者具有明显的相关性,天线高度和通信距离是路径损耗的主要影响因素。在天线高度为0.5和1.5 m时,可靠传输距离为6个行距(27 m);在天线高度为2.5 m时,可靠传输距离大于14个行距(63 m),因此冠层顶部为布设天线的最佳位置。对路径损耗数据进行回归分析,发现其在每种天线高度,每条传输路径下对数模型最适合作为路径损耗模型,模型的R2最大为0.945,最小为0.732。为研究节点部署于桃园任意位置时的路径损耗情况,便于节点快速灵活地部署,在3种天线高度下对路径损耗数据进行对数回归分析,R2最大为0.976,最小为0.939。最后对2组模型进行了验证,表明模型可以预测射频信号在桃园中的路径损耗情况,该文研究结果为无线传感器网络在桃园中的部署提供了参考。     

特高压输电工程对龙滩自然保护区的影响及生态保护措施

在广西龙滩自然保护区生物多样性调查及现状各因子评价的基础上,分析了滇西北至广东特高压直流输电工程建设对保护区生境特别是主要保护对象黑颈长尾雉及其栖息地的影响,提出了切合实际的保护对策和管理措施,以利于该区域生态系统的恢复和维护。     

Study on Simulation of Contact Friction Condition of Continously Variable Transmission

As metal Belt CVT(Continuously Variable Trans mission) acts as a kind of friction transmission, friction coefficient is a key parameter of CVT. The friction characters of CVTF(Continuously Variable Transmission Fluid) are mainly determined by fluid and contact state. The contact between belt and pulley can be regarded as a kind of contact between cylinder and cone. As their contact line is short, the curvature change of pulley along the contact line can be neglected. Then the contact problem of belt and pulley was reasonably simplified as a contact between cylinder and cylinder. Under the state of equivalent maximum stress, the contact friction condition of metal belt and pulley was simulated by the contact of ring and block in Timken Friction Test Machine.     

拖拉机传动系加载磨合台测控技术研究

介绍拖拉机传动系加载磨合台的系统构成、软件设计、功能与创新之处。本磨合台采用电封闭结构,驱动电动机驱动被试传动系,被试传动系带动加载电动机,加载电动机产生的电能又返回驱动电动机,实现能量的循环利用。软件设计保证用户操作简单、稳定可靠。     

Tobacco rattle virus serotypes and associated nematode vector species of Trichodoridae in the bulb-growing areas in the Netherlands

Soil samples from the coastal bulb-growing areas in the provinces of North- and South-Holland and the North-East Polder in the Netherlands were examined for trichodorid nematodes and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) serotypes. At least one of a total of eight species of Trichodoridae, of whichParatrichodorus pachydermus was most prevalent, was found in 93% of the samples from the provinces of North- and South-Holland and TRV, including four serotypes, was obtained from 49% of these samples. In the North-East Polder one of three species of trichodorids, of whichP. teres occurred most frequently, was present in 72% of the samples, and TRV of one serotype was obtained from 28% of these samples. The TRV isolates recovered from these samples reacted serologically with one of four antisera to strains of TRV. Virus transmitted byP. pachydermus reacted to the PRN-, byTrichodorus viruliferus to the RQ-, byP. teres to the N5- and byT. similis, to the TS-antiserum, respectively.     

Distribution and properties of geographically distinct isolates of sugar beet yellowing viruses

From a total of 261 yellow sugarbeet leaves collected from 10 countries representing three continents, the incidence and distribution of strains of Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV), Beet chlorosis virus (BChV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV) were analysed using serological and molecular methods. BMYV was found in all countries except Greece, and more frequently in the northern and western areas of Europe, whereas BYV predominated in Turkey, Spain, Greece, the USA and Chile. BChV, originally found in the USA and the UK in 1989, was identified in France, Spain, the Netherlands and Chile. Nine sugar beet poleroviruses, plus a reference isolate of Turnip yellows virus (TuYV, syn. Beet western yellows virus ), were further characterized and compared. Isolates obtained from sugar beet infected this species, but not oilseed rape or lettuce; all isolates except one infected Capsella bursa-pastoris . The coat-protein sequences of these isolates were highly similar, with the consensus sequence representing 89% of nucleotide residues. Within the coat-protein gene, two regions were identified that could represent specific epitopes to which monoclonal antibody BYDV-PAV-IL-1 could bind; this antibody is used to distinguish beet poleroviruses in ELISA. Comparison of the sequences at the 5' end showed that sequence homology existed only between isolates with the same host range. The first sequence data of polerovirus isolates from Chile are presented, showing that the coat protein and the 5' end of their genomes are highly similar to those of BMYV isolates found in Europe. Chilean polerovirus isolates may have been imported from the northern hemisphere in sugar beet breeding material.     

Detection of the German grapevine yellows (Vergilbungskrankheit) MLO in grapevine,alternative hosts and a vector by a specific PCR procedure

A polymerase chain reaction procedure was developed which enables specific amplification of a ribosomal sequence from the mycoplasmalike organism (MLO) associated with German grapevine yellows (Vergilbungskrankheit, VK) and stolbur-related diseases of solanaceous plants. Successful amplification from all samples prepared from various cultivars collected in different viticultural areas indicates that the causal agent is a relatively homogeneous organism. Amplification was also achieved with template DNA prepared from naturally infected weeds in vineyards such asConvolvolus arvensis andSolanum nigrum, and from the planthopperHyalesthes obsoletus that was collected in the vineyards. Feeding of insects of this species on grapevine seedlings resulted in the development of typical yellows symptoms by the grapes.H. obsoletus could therefore be identified as a vector of Vergilbungskrankheit.Abbreviations FD Flavescence dorée - GY Grapevine yellows - MLO Mycoplasmalike organism - PCR Polymerase chain reaction - RFLP restriction fragment length polymorphism - VK Vergilbungskrankheit (German grapevine yellows)