Community structure of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Robinia pseudoacacia in uncontaminated and heavy metal contaminated soils

The significance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in soil remediation has been widely recognized because of their ability to promote plant growth and increase phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal (HM) polluted soils by improving plant nutrient absorption and by influencing the fate of the metals in the plant and soil. However, the symbiotic functions of AMF in remediation of polluted soils depend on plant–fungus–soil combinations and are greatly influenced by environmental conditions. To better understand the adaptation of plants and the related mycorrhizae to extreme environmental conditions, AMF colonization, spore density and community structure were analyzed in roots or rhizosphere soils of Robinia pseudoacacia. Mycorrhization was compared between uncontaminated soil and heavy metal contaminated soil from a lead–zinc mining region of northwest China. Samples were analyzed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) screening with AMF-specific primers (NS31 and AM1), and sequencing of rRNA small subunit (SSU). The phylogenetic analysis revealed 28 AMF group types, including six AMF families: Glomeraceae, Claroideoglomeraceae, Diversisporaceae, Acaulosporaceae, Pacisporaceae, and Gigasporaceae. Of all AMF group types, six (21%) were detected based on spore samples alone, four (14%) based on root samples alone, and five (18%) based on samples from root, soil and spore. Glo9 (Rhizophagus intraradices), Glo17 (Funneliformis mosseae) and Acau3 (Acaulospora sp.) were the three most abundant AMF group types in the current study. Soil Pb and Zn concentrations, pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus levels all showed significant correlations with the AMF species compositions in root and soil samples. Overall, the uncontaminated sites had higher species diversity than sites with heavy metal contamination. The study highlights the effects of different soil chemical parameters on AMF colonization, spore density and community structure in contaminated and uncontaminated sites. The tolerant AMF species isolated and identified from this study have potential for application in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated areas.     

左右岸省界缓冲区水质达标评价方法研究

左右岸省界缓冲区作为协调省际间用水关系的重要水域,其水质达标评价及污染责任划分是流域限制纳污红线制度实施的重要内容。从左右岸省界缓冲区的相关概念出发,根据省份的位置关系将其分为缓冲区完全在两省省界上、缓冲区部分在两省省界上以及缓冲区在多省交界上三种情形,并结合左右岸省界缓冲区特点确定调整浓度核算法、代表断面判断法、限制排污总量-污染物入河量评估法等水质达标评价方法,以判断左右岸省份缓冲区的水质达标情况,从而划分缓冲区左右岸省份的污染责任。实例验证模拟显示,确定的方法切实可行,研究方法可为流域污染责任划分提供技术支撑,从而促进限制纳污制度的顺利实施。     

考虑环境因素的中部省份城镇化水平评价指标体系构建

该文选取了2004—2012年数据,采用因子分析和DEA的方法对中部六省城镇化水平的指标进行筛选,采用Tobit方法探讨环境与城镇化水平之间的关系并进行回归分析。分析结果可以得出通过指标筛选以后的中部六省的城镇化水综合情况以及排名,为中部六省未来政策的制定提供依据。     

雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的时空动态影响及其规制研究——以长株潭城市群为例

【目的】随着美丽中国建设和三大攻坚战等战略的推进,旅游生态环境成为旅游科学研究的重要问题,研究雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的动态影响及其环境规制作用,促进旅游节能减排。【方法】本文以两型试验区长株潭城市群为例,构建关于旅游产业评价的集成指标体系,采用重心模型和回归模型计量方法,探究旅游产业和雾霾污染发展轨迹,考察旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间空间动态关联性,分析雾霾对旅游产业发展影响程度,检验雾霾污染与其他自变量交互作用下旅游产业发展的主导要素,最后以环境规制为门槛变量进一步讨论雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的影响,【结果】1)旅游产业重心偏移方向由长沙向衡阳方向移动,雾霾重心偏移方向在常德和株洲两地之间往返,无显著移动规律,旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间存在一定的空间动态关联性,且两者之间存在反向抑制作用。2)雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在影响,就研究区域而言,增加1%的雾霾污染会减少3.3%的旅游产业发展,且影响旅游产业发展的主要因素是旅游人数和环境规制。3)以环境规制为门槛变量,发现雾霾污染随着环境规制类型的不同而对旅游产业发展产生不同影响,无环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响指数为0.8%,对旅游产业发展影响显著;宽松型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.2%,影响程度略小;严密型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.1%,影响性最小。【结论】雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在负面影响,但政府环境政策可有效缓解雾霾污染,因此在环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的负面影响减弱。     

3种无公害药剂防治美国白蛾试验

应用3.6%烟碱·苦参碱乳油、25%阿维.灭幼脲悬浮剂、棉铃虫核型多角体病毒3种无公害药剂防治美国白蛾幼虫,结果表明：3.6%烟碱·苦参碱乳油3000倍液，喷药9d后防治效果达100%；25%阿维.灭幼脲悬浮1000倍液和1500倍液，喷药15d后防治效果均达到98%以上，生产上应选择1500倍液；以2.50×106PIB/ml、4.25×106PIB/ml 和1.25×107PIB/ml棉铃虫核型多角体病毒喷洒美国白蛾1-3龄幼虫，15d后防治效果均达到91%以上。核型多角体病毒对鱼虾安全，可在鱼虾养殖等水域美国白蛾防治中大面积应用推广。     

乡镇污水处理厂运行管理相关问题探讨

乡镇污水处理厂作为环保基础设施建设的重点,普遍存在重建设轻运营的问题。笔者结合重庆市实际情况,重点分析了乡镇污水处理厂运行管理中存在的问题,并有针对性地提出了建议,包括提高收集率、完善末端工艺、专业化运营、改变考核体系、优化污泥处置、加强再生利用和远程在线监控等。     

Use of the nitrate‐specific ion electrode for the determination of nitrate nitrogen in surface and ground water

Abstract

The usefulness of the nitrate‐specific ion electrode (NE) for the determination of nitrate nitrogen (NO3‐N) in surface and ground water was determined. The NE method had several advantages that made it superior to the phenoldisulfonic acid (PDS) method in our environmental quality studies. Samples could be analyzed quickly and with a minimum of sample preparation. Sample coloration and soluble salts did not interfere with the performance of the electrode. Range of detection without dilution was much wider than by the PDS method. Also, the values obtained by the NE method, although slightly greater than those obtained by the PDS method, were satisfactory.     

Environmental Change and the Sustainability of European Forests

Summary

It is some years now since forest decline was a major public concern in Europe and was one of the principal environmental issues around which international research programs were focused. A number of internationally coordinated activities were initiated in the 1980s and 1990s and have continued until now; these contributed significantly to our current understanding of forestry and to the way in which forestry policies have developed. In short, the concept of sustainable development has had an increasing influence and is now of immeasurable value in forest policy, with sustainable forest management well established as its guiding principle. This sequence of events is examined here. The extent to which understanding has advanced is remarkable; much has changed. Arguably this period gave the first indication of the extent to which forests and ecosystems globally are threatened by environmental change. On the basis of the last 20 years, it is tempting to conclude that we now have an effective institutional framework and have made excellent progress. However, some of the recorded ecosystem responses seem anomalous; there are surprises in system responses, e.g., the linkage between sulphur and nitrogen depositions and forest growth. Even more importantly some specific pollutant problems remain and will intensify, and climate change has become an environmental issue of overwhelming importance.     

中兽医药技术是猪只康养最佳供给体系

在我国养猪业面临产品安全和环境污染两大瓶颈的情势下,如何使所生产的猪肉食用卫生,所排粪污环境安全,纯天然、无污染、广效低毒、绿色环保的中兽医药学为破解这两大瓶颈提供了技术支撑。充分发挥我国传统的中兽医药技术的特色和优势,构建以中兽医药为主体的猪只康养技术供给体系,旨在集生产管理"适其天性"、所喂药料"无污染"、治疗药物"纯天然"、预防措施治"未病"、治疗方法"和谐调节"和四季保健"药饲同源"于一体的技术供给体系,从源头上破解这两大难题,从而实现猪只康养,环境安全,猪肉安康,凸显出中兽医药是猪只康养的最佳供给体系。     

浅析发酵乳霉菌零星污染来源及控制方法

霉菌在自然环境中普遍存在,而且以孢子形态随空气、水等媒介进行扩散。对食品原辅料及生产环境均可造成污染,是造成发酵乳变质的主要原因。发酵乳作为保质期较短且需冷链储运、销售的产品,零星的霉菌污染不会引起食品安全问题,但由于部分销售终端及三四线市场冷链运输缺失,造成霉菌生长,发酵乳呈现明显霉斑,导致消费者体验差,给企业品牌造成极坏影响,也影响了食品安全。本文概述了发酵乳中来自原辅料、环境、水中霉菌零星污染来源、验证方法以及相应控制措施,以期为发酵乳中霉菌控制提供参考。