中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所2000～2008年科技论文统计分析

对中国热带农业科学院环境与植物保护研究所2000～2008年科技论文的发表数量、质量及不同水平文章的比例变化进行统计分析,对其原因进行细致剖析,以期为研究所未来的发展方向、科学管理和人才培养与引进等方面提供必要素材。     

再论发展生态农业

现代常规农业面临的环境污染、生态破坏等问题,可运用循环经济的理念,发展生态农业来加以解决。文章介绍了发展生态农业的意义,以及当前实施生态农业所存在的生态环境恶化;生态农业的规模化、产业化程度不高;先进适用的生态农业技术体系有待进一步研究开发等问题,并提出了以循环经济理念发展生态农业;开展环境质量的普查与评价,依法加强对污染源的控制,保护自然资源和生态环境;增加投入,加大对发展生态农业的扶持力度;提高生态农业生产的组织化程度等对策措施。     

黑龙江省大豆推广品种脂肪、蛋白质含量地理分布的研究

系统地分析了黑龙江省1951－2000年50年200个育成大豆品种的脂肪、蛋白质含量结果表明，脂肪含量最高的是60年代和70年代，分别为21.67%和21.20%，最小为90年代为20.03%。200个品种平均脂肪含量为20.74%，蛋白质含量平均为40.25%。进一步分析1951－2000年不同生态区育成的172个品种认为，脂肪、蛋白质含量有明显地理分布现象。西部干旱区为高脂肪区，北部高寒区为低脂肪区；高蛋白质区在南部黑土区和东部低湿区，低蛋白区在西部干旱区。这种明显的地理分布现象为大豆优质品种的区域化种植和专业化生产提供了依据。     

试论水利工程梯级开发对生态环境的负面影响

本文分析了水利水电工程与生态环境的关系 ,研究、探讨了梯级开发对生态环境的不利影响 ,提出了加强水力工程环境后评价工作观点。     

Legume-based farming in Southern Australia: developing sustainable systems to meet environmental challenges

Development of legume-based farming systems has resulted in Australian agriculture being globally competitive. There is now political pressure for agriculture to become accountable for ‘off-site’ environmental consequences. Farming systems relying on annual species are unsustainable because of a mismatch between the supply and demand of water and N, resulting in N leakage to streams or groundwater. Rainfall in excess of plant requirements coupled with N build-up, permeable soils, limited opportunities for reduction and proximity to surface or groundwater present risks for leakage of NO₃-N. We present examples of N leakage from legume systems in southern Australia, where rainfall exceeds 450 mm yr⁻¹, and the evidence suggesting that leakage contributes to stream and groundwater pollution. N build-up in autumn through mineralisation of organic-N from legume-based systems often exceeds 100 kg N ha⁻¹ and N leakage losses can be 15-35 kg N ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Stream and groundwater N pollution issues are emerging. Surface water quality problems are already apparent in Victoria although the contribution from legumes, N fertilisers and point sources remains unresolved. Examples of groundwater problems where legumes are a contributing factor have been recorded in New South Wales (NSW), South Australia (SA), Western Australia (WA) and Victoria. In Victoria, areas at risk of N groundwater contamination are found along the Great Dividing Range and in southern Victoria. Groundwater pollution causes concern because once problems are found they take decades to reverse. Stores of N in the unsaturated zone combined with limited N monitoring in groundwater suggests that early detection is unlikely. Solutions for reducing off-site consequences are outlined and include management to prevent water and N leakage happening, capture of N before it reaches waterways or groundwater and low input systems including land retirement. For scientists interested in N fixation and biological mediation, future research areas include increasing the proportion of perennials in farming systems, better control of N supply and demand through improved technology and us of N fertiliser, use of nitrification inhibitors and studies of the potential for N immobilisation and reduction through denitrification, both within and below the root zone. Integrated management strategies that address environmental implications from point/micro-scale to paddock and catchment scales are needed as are considerations of other environmental consequences. Research priorities will change from maximising N fixation for profitability towards balancing profitability and environmental goals for more sustainable systems.     

浅议赣南树木园科普教育基地建设

探讨树木园开展科普教育的意义,及科普教育基地建设的内容,提出科普教育活动的方法与措施.     

论人工林采伐更新与定向培育

本综述了国内外大量的研究资料，提出因地制宜的人工林采伐更新与定向培育的方法和技术。     

艾比湖及周边地区环境演变与对策

本文讨论了艾比湖地区近代自然环境演变及出现的湖泊急剧干缩、灾害性天气增加、沙漠化扩展，植被恶性演替等环境问题，指出近代环境变化主因是人为活动，人工绿洲内部的良好环境与外部的荒漠环境反差更加显著。对恢复和稳定区内环境提出了维持湖泊面积，节水农业，恢复荒漠林，控制人口等项措施。     

宁夏土地生态环境的主要问题及对策

<正> 1.主要问题土地是由自然地理所有要素(地质、地貌、气候、土壤、植被等)组成的自然综合体,具有综合反映环境质量的特性。由于土地各组成要素在地域空间上的量值及其组合作用的差异,因而环境质量及环境治理方向也会因地域而不同。就宁夏自治区而言,大致可以划分出四大类型区:1.1 宁南黄土丘陵区以水蚀为主,水土流失严重,土地生态环境脆弱     

简论网络环境下图书馆服务模式的演变

图书馆的社会价值是通过服务体现的.社会经济结构开始发生变化的时候,社会需求发生较大变化,知识总量的不断的增长,知识领域不断扩展,用户自身结构也随之发生变化,也使网络环境下图书馆的存在形态发生了变化.图书馆无论在信息资源采集、组织加工、信息服务、管理模式等诸方面将发生更深刻的变革.知识信息需求的全方位与综合化,知识信息需求的开放化与社会化,知识信息需求的电子化与网络化,知识信息需求的集成化与高效化.