Quantification of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) metabolites crocins,picrocrocin and safranal for quality determination of the spice grown under different environmental Moroccan conditions

The primary goal of this study was to propose saffron as a sustainable substitute crop with high added value in some Moroccan agricultural areas with low and erratic rainfalls, for their socio-economical development. The quality of the saffron spice has to be evaluated prior to recommendation for commercial production. For this purpose, saffron was grown in experimental plots for the first time in eleven different experimental zones with a disparity of altitudes, soils and climates. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify the most important saffron components crocins, picrocrocin, and safranal which are respectively responsible for its colour, taste and odour. The respective average values, in % dry matter, across all sites altogether are 29.01 ± 5.6; 14.04 ± 7.1 and 0.22 ± 0.11. The statistical analysis shows that crocins are stable under each specific environment tested (p > 5%) for 3 years of study. Meanwhile, there was a large variability in safranal content for the same period (p < 0.05). This suggests that post-harvest processing of saffron produced under different environments may need to be improved. Analysis of environmental impact on saffron quality showed that just the altitude affects crocins (R² = 0.84, p < 0.05).     

高钼环境分布与家畜钼中毒研究

陕西省境内某钼矿的选矿废水常年排放到南洛河,污染了河水。家畜饮用污染废水或采食河边牧草后即发生以腹泻为主的钼中毒,发病率达18.74％,死亡率为9.41％,使该地区畜牧业损失严重。经对15个品种219份样品1800余样次毒源成分分析检测,结果表明,钼在水、土壤、植物和动物组织中的含量均属高浓度水平。家畜饮用含有高钼污水,摄入的钼量极易达到中毒标准而致病。冶金工业污染引起高水平钼在食物链上正相关分布与迁移即为中毒原因。单纯饮用高钼污水完全能够引起反刍动物中毒。     

Environmental Non‐Governmental Organizations and the Common Fisheries Policy

1. The run up to the review of the European Union's (EU's) Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) in 2002 affords a timely opportunity to examine the impact of one lobby—the environmental lobby—on its operations. 2. The conventional view of the CFP is that it is driven primarily by economic objectives, and that environmental considerations take a back seat. The CFP is broadly concerned with maximizing output, employment and income from the fishery within the constraints imposed by the biological state of the stocks. 3. However, there are indications that this picture is changing and that the CFP is beginning to take account of the environment. Some of the credit for this change must go to Environmental Non‐Governmental Organizations (ENGOs) which have recently been campaigning heavily for more effective management of commercial fishing. But the success that they have had so far appears to be mainly confined to single issues, such as the drift‐net ban. 4. In the bigger battle, for protection of the entire marine ecosystem against the damage caused by fishing, ENGOs have yet to achieve a significant breakthrough, though there are some signs that the tide is slowly turning in their favour on this wider issue. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土壤水分胁迫下氮素营养对冬小麦光合生理和环境的关系的影响

对冬小麦光合速率 (Pn)、蒸腾速率 (E)、气孔导度 (Gs)和细胞间隙CO2 浓度(Cint)等生理指标与大气CO2 浓度、光合有效辐射、大气温度和大气湿度等环境因子间相关系数作了分析 ;通过求解不同处理相关系数的微分 ,初步研究了大田条件下生理指标对环境因子的灵敏度 ,结果表明 :生理指标与环境间的相关性随施氮量的不同而不同 ;氮素营养改变了生理指标对环境因子响应的灵敏度。     

污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展

综述了国内外污染土壤植物修复技术研究进展 ,植物修复是利用某些植物对土壤重金属的超量吸收挥发以及对土壤中有机污染物降解等特殊功能 ,并与根际微生物协同作用 ,原位修复污染土壤的方法 ,费用低 ,效果显著 ,环境友好 ,是极具发展潜力的“绿色产业”。     

稻麦轮作农田生态系统服务功能价值评估

采用市场价值法、替代工程法和影子价格法,对江苏省典型的种植模式——稻麦轮作农田生态系统的包括农产品生产、大气调节、涵养水分和蓄积洪水、营养物质循环以及保持土壤等主要的生态服务功能价值进行评估分析。结果表明,当前单位面积稻麦轮作农田生态系统服务功能所提供的年平均价值为45 998.08元·hm-2·a-1,其中对环境的调节功能价值为26 458.86元·hm-2·a-1,是直接服务功能农产品生产价值的1.35倍。稻麦农田生态系统每投入1元成本,将会产生3.58元的环境效益。在稻麦轮作农田生态系统环境调节功能中,对大气的调节功能占主体,占总环境调节功能价值的62.20%。政府部门在进行土地利用决策时,应将农田生态系统的环境调节功能重点加以考虑。     

基于ARM-Linux和GPRS的农业环境无线远程监控系统

本文设计和实现了基于嵌入式ARM-Linux和GPRS/CDMA技术的农业环境无线远程监控系统,为偏僻分散条件下的农业对象监控提供了一种有效的解决方案。首先,嵌入式监测设备采集农业现场环境信息,然后通过无线GPRS网络实时传送给远程服务器。经长时间运行和验证表明,系统已达到了实用的要求,在农业研究和生产领域将有广阔的应用前景。     

泾河上游全新世黄土-古土壤序列微量元素分布特征及环境变化

在野外考察的基础上,对泾河上游赵家村全新世黄土-古土壤剖面进行系统采样,利用X-Ray荧光光谱仪测定了Ba、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cr、Rb、Sr、Co、Th、Zr等10个微量元素的含量及其变化,并与磁化率、粒度进行了相关性分析,研究表明大部分微量元素如Ba、Zn、Cu、Rb、Co、Th、Zr在古土壤层(S0)中富集,而在马兰黄土层(L1)中含量较低; 而Pb、Cr、Sr在古土壤层中含量低于马兰黄土层.同时,微量元素Ba、Zn、Cu、Rb、Co、Th、Zr与磁化率、黏粒(<0.005 mm)含量呈正相关,与粗粉沙(0.01～0.05 mm)含量呈负相关; 而元素Pb、Cr、Sr与黏粒、磁化率呈负相关,与粗粉沙呈正相关关系.在古土壤成壤改造过程中,由于有机质含量显著增加,络合-螯合作用增大,加之黏粒胶体的吸附作用,导致大多数微量元素在古土壤层的相对富集; 而元素Cr性质稳定,在整个剖面的波动较小; Sr含量在全新世黄土层(L0)和表土层(TS)中逐渐升高,主要是由于气候暖干化日趋严重,表土层碱性增强,CaCO3淋溶作用明显减弱; Pb元素在表土层含量较高的主要原因是工业"三废"排放、金属采矿和冶炼、煤炭和石油的燃烧以及汽车尾气排放等人类活动的干扰.     

土壤改良基质对天津滨海盐土的改良效果研究

盐土改良一直是环境绿化的技术难题。以山皮砂、玉米秸秆、脱硫石膏作为土壤改良基质,通过室内土柱实验,在定量间歇式灌水条件下,对天津滨海盐土进行了改良研究,结果表明:山皮砂和玉米秸秆的协同作用是改良土壤结构的关键,但配比不同则效果不同,适当的掺拌比例能更好地改善土壤的通透性能、实现快速平稳脱盐;添加脱硫石膏能有效抑制脱盐碱化现象;综合分析脱盐过程和脱盐效果,D组(原土+35%山皮砂+20%玉米秸秆+1.2%脱硫石膏)对滨海盐土的综合改良效果最好,属于最优配比组,各项理化指标优良。野外大规模绿化工程试验证明了该技术方案的有效性和可行性。     

芦笋采后环境因素与生理变化的关系及对贮藏的影响

芦笋采后低温抑制其呼吸代谢活性。使纤维增长缓慢，ＶＣ降低较少；黑暗使呼吸强度增高，但纤维含量并未增高，光具有诱导纤维增长的作用；高浓度ＣＯ２、低Ｏ２条件具有抑制代谢活性增强的作用。采用１８±１℃、高ＣＯ２、低Ｏ２条件，可使芦笋保鲜１周。