环境污染对农业生态系统服务功能影响

农业生态系统服务功能是农业生态过程和人类活动所形成的人类赖以生存的自然环境条件与效用. 城市污染物排放增加, 农业化学品污染加重, 农村畜禽粪尿污染成灾以及乡镇企业污染发展影响了农业生态系统有机质生产, 降低了农业产品品质, 减弱了土壤生态过程, 破坏了生物多样性, 减弱了气候调节与减灾功能, 减少了动物传粉与有害生物控制效应七项生态服务功能. 遏止环境污染是保护农业生态系统服务功能的关键.     

Managing secondary dryland salinity: Options and challenges

Salt occurs naturally at high levels in the subsoils of most Australian agricultural land. As a result of clearing native vegetation, groundwater tables have risen, mobilising the stored salt and causing adverse impacts on farmland, infrastructure, water resources, and biodiversity. The main action required to prevent groundwater tables from rising is establishment of perennial plants, either herbaceous (pastures or crops) or woody (trees and shrubs). Recent technical and economic research has emphasised how difficult it will be to establish sufficient perennials to get control of groundwater tables. Where watertables are already shallow, the options for farmers are salt-tolerant plants (e.g. saltbush for grazing) or engineering (e.g. deep open drains). The existing options for farm-level salinity management are reviewed, with mixed but somewhat disappointing findings regarding their suitability for addressing salinity. However, there are also a number of good prospects for development of new and better options for plant-based management of salinity, and these are described.     

高原环境对拖拉机、农用运输车安全性能的影响及对策

着重从青藏高原的地理、气候、道路等环境特点,分析高原环境对拖拉机、农用运输车安全生产影响的因素,提出预防措施,以确保安全生产。     

环境噪音对养生的影响

在广泛文献检索基础上,对噪音的分类、生理效应及危害(工业噪音的危害、建筑噪音的危害、社会生活噪音的危害、交通噪音的危害等)、降噪技术(改良技术设备、消音降噪、增强对噪音的抵抗力和适应能力等)进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供科学资料。     

草地农业应为宁夏南部山区农业生态系统中的主体

<正> 1.草地农业系统的特征草地农业系统是农业生态系统之一。它是在大农业的生产中,以草地为主体,结合农田和林地,把土地、植物和家畜联系起来,进行土地—植物—动物“三位一体”的农牧业产品的物质生产体系。草地农业的主要特点是:第一,突出了草的作用,特别是豆科牧草的作用。在草地农     

Environmental management and sustainable development in forested mountain areas of northeast China

IntroductionItiswellknownthatChinahasalonghistoryandcivilization,alargepopulationandlesscultivatedland.Thiskindofsituationisrelevanttotheresourcesdepletionandrecurrentnaturaldisasters.ForestsareveryimportantbothfortheeconomicalconstructionandfortheenvironmentalproteCtion.ThegraveinundationthatoccurredatsouthandnortheastriversintheSummerof1998givesusabitterlesson,manyscientistsandmassesbelievethatthelongandoverforestCuttingshouldberesponsibleforthecatastrophe.Theforestsonthemiddleandupperreac…     

Soil tillage for crop production and for protection of soil and environmental quality: a Scandinavian viewpoint

Based on experience from 35 years of tillage research in Sweden, future development of soil tillage is discussed and some research problems are identified. Tillage and seeding methods must be more carefully adapted to conditions at individual sites and occasions. Low-pressure typres, better weed control and improved seed coulters favour the increased use of reduced tillage. In order to diminish the impact of agriculture on the environment, it is necessary to develop methods for establishment of crops in the early spring or immediately after harvest, even in soils with large amounts of crop residues or high moisture content. The roles of tillage methods, and of soil compaction and structure on environmental impact of agriculture must be investigated. World food production must increase, since the world population is rapidly increasing. Therefore, it is necessary to develop improved crop production systems, including crop establishment systems, which favour efficient use of basic crop growth factors, while protecting or increasing soil productivity. Compaction, decreased organic matter content, and erosion are important long-term threats to soil productivity.     

高寒阴湿地区半开放型暖棚牛舍冬季内环境监测评价

在高寒阴湿的寒冷地区修建半开放型暖棚牛舍,充分利用塑料膜的温室效应,能够达到保暖增膘的饲养目的,本课题研究采用定期定点观测的方法,在冬春季扣膜后,对暖棚牛舍和普通圈舍的采光系数、入射角、透光角、舍内外的温度、湿度及CO2、NH3、H2S等主要技术指标进行了监测和对比.结果表明暖棚牛舍(试验组)舍内11月份～3月份平均温度为8.78℃;平均湿度为55.53%;舍内的CO2含量平均为0.141%;NH3平均为19.02 mg/m3;H2S平均为9.91 mg/m3;采光系数为0.86;入射角为64°;透光角为45°.普通牛舍(对照组)的平均温度为0.25℃;平均湿度为66.75%;舍内的CO2平均为0.137%;NH3平均为18.49 mg/m3;H2S平均为9.64 mg/m3;采光系数为0.082;入射角为35°;透光角为10°.试验组牛的授配率、产仔成活率、繁活率分别比对照组提高了24%、17%、50%,而患病率降低了2.6%.     

养护者受益权的界定及优位

分析养护者受益权的主体、客体、内容及养护者受益权的优位强势的含义、必要性。     

基于生态-形态-心态整合设计的高校校园环境优化策略研究

剖析当前我国高校校园环境建设中存在的问题，以问题为指向，深入探究基于“生态-形态-心态”整合设计的高校校园环境优化策略，使教育育人和环境建设二者有机结合，以求为我国正在快速发展的高等教育和校园建设提供指导和借鉴。